High Kubadwa Kwatsopano ku Italy

Mu XV atumwi ku Ulaya, kumene kwa zaka mazana ambiri mu chikhalidwe, luso ndi nzeru analamulira akale scholasticism, achipembedzo Theocentricism, mwachitsanzo kukhumba kwa Mulungu, kukana moyo padziko lapansi, amene ankaona chiyambi cha moyo wakumwamba, pali chodabwitsa chodabwitsa, kenako wotchedwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, kuti ndi Kubadwa Kwatsopano. preconditions Economic kwa zodabwitsazi anali zikamera ndi kukula ubale capitalist, koma Kubadwa Kwatsopano - ndi koposa zonse, moyo angadziwe ndi maganizo atsopano a munthu ndi ozungulira lapadziko lonse.

Munthu wamkulu pakati, muyeso wa zinthu zonse padziko lapansi. Izi zinachititsa kuti mbali zofunika kwambiri pa chikhalidwe ndi luso la Kubadwa Kwatsopano - mawonetseredwe ndi chitukuko cha anthu azikhala mu zinthu analenga ndi cikhalidwe. Wamphamvu mu ziphunzitso ndi akatswiri zokongoletsa amakhala umunthu, kuteteza mtengo wa munthu. Pankhaniyi, phindu la munthu - cholinga cha chitukuko moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.

Maziko a atsopano a anthu Kubadwa Kwatsopano nakhalanso maganizo anapita pa nthawi chidwi mu chikhalidwe wakale, amene ankafotokozedwa munthu ngati sing'anga chilengedwe cha makhalidwe kwambiri umunthu, wowala umunthu. Komabe, kutanthauzira ili la munthu si monga anavomera, izo reinvents. Dziko mumtima wa munthu ndi dongosolo lake thupi anakhala akuti wapadera chilengedwe, chikhalidwe wopandamalire, kukula kwake wofanana ndi chilengedwe chonse kuti muli kuthekera kwa kudzilungamitsa chitukuko ndi kudzikonda kusintha.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano ku Italy

Aesthetics ndi Culture ya Kubadwa Kwatsopano anatuluka mu Italy. nthawi iyi akhoza kugawidwa m'mbali zinayi: Protorenessans, limene limayamba ndi atumwi XIII ndi imatengedwa nthawi ya kubadwa kwa maganizo atsopano; m'ma XV, m'nyengo oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano; mapeto a XV wa - chiyambi cha zaka XVI asangalala nthawi lotchedwa "High Kubadwa Kwatsopano"; Pomaliza, nthawi ya malemu Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi vuto la maganizo ake akubwera kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XVI.

Pakuti Protorenessansa khalidwe ali pa ubwenzi wabwino kwambiri ndi Middle Ages, Gothic, Romanesque chikhalidwe zomangamanga ndi kupenta. Komabe, nthawi imeneyi anayambitsa mfundo zazikulu za nthawi yaikulu m'tsogolo. The nyengo yachisanu ikupita koyamba kwa kusintha mu luso zithunzi amakhala ntchito wotchuka wa ku Italy Giotto (Giotto di Bondone). zojambula ake ali bwinobwino mu fano, zithunzi za anthu ndi maziko kuseri kwa iwo bulky ndi wokongola. Pa nthawi yomweyo kukhala ndi mabuku Italy. Pangani katswiri awo ndakatulo ya Dante ndi Petrarch. Ndi nthawi ya oyambirira Kubadwa Kwatsopano monga ntchito za kwambiri Italy wojambula Sandro Botticelli, amene zojambula kusonyeza kukhudza ndi kwambiri amasirira kukongola kwa dziko wamkazi, iwo zinapatsira ndi umunthu kwambiri ndi chifundo.

Ndi pakati pa XV atumwi Kubadwa Kwatsopano ku Italy ndi ku Ulaya udzakhazikitsidwe kwathunthu. Ndi chithunzi ndi mabuku anakhala lalikulu chifanizo cha dziko lapansi, "zonse blooded", wachifundo kwambiri ndipo amakonda moyo mu mawonekedwe ake onse a munthu wamoyo padziko. Moyo ndi chenicheni dziko zinthu kukopedwa mwatsatanetsatane. Art anakhala ziriri, yolembedwa ndi moyo otsimikiza. Chitukuko cha luso ndi mamangidwe kunagwirizana kwambiri chitukuko mofulumira sayansi zachilengedwe ndi zimango.

mkulu Kubadwa Kwatsopano

Wamkulukulu Kubadwa Kwatsopano asangalala kumapeto kwa XV wa - chiyambi cha zaka XVI. Nthawiyi chikugwirizana ndi ntchito za amisiri waukulu chonchi ngati Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Giorgione, Titian ndi zina High Kubadwa Kwatsopano -. Ndi nsonga maluwa a anthu, amene ophatikizidwa mu chodabwitsa zo ake kaphatikizidwe zokongoletsa mawonekedwe, mtundu ndi wokhutira, zomwe mu zojambula aluso. Ntchito za ambuye kwambiri losiyana kwambiri maganizo tingawapeze, wochenjera malowedwe mu dziko lauzimu ndi maganizo a munthu. Nthawi imeneyi, ojambula zithunzi ntchito mfundo yatsopano kupenta zomwe ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa luso European.

High Kubadwa Kwatsopano anagwetsa nthawi ya mavuto. pofuna kukwaniritsa bizinesi zinachititsa kuti mavuto chifukwa mismatch wa umunthu ndi chowonadi ozungulira. Nthawiyi amagwirizana ndi zosayembekezereka wa utopias - ntchito, zomwe ndi zochokera lingaliro wosangalatsa wa anthu abwino. Afilosofi woyamba anali utopians England Thomas More ndi Chitaliyana Tommaso Campanella. Mu kupenta wa malemu Kubadwa Kwatsopano amagwirizana mkubwela kwa Mannerism. Ojambula zithunzi mannerists (Veronese, Tintoretto neri Al.) Dala anawonjezapo zenizeni, kuswa mfundo za mogwirizana ndi bwino.

Kubadwa Kwatsopano anakhala m'munsi mu chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa luso European. Nthawi imeneyi, ife anayamba zoyamba za chilengedwe luso, amene anaonekera mu pofuna kukwaniritsa luso ndi mabuku kupyola mu zaka ndi zaka.