Mavuto Environmental wa dera Chelyabinsk. dera Chelyabinsk pa malamulo zachilengedwe

Panali nthawi zina pamene mwalawapangodya anapereka timva kupanga nazizwa ndi zimene mtengo apatsidwa. Kuthira zinyalala mu mtsinje, kusuta paipi mu mlengalenga, ndi kanthu. Chinthu chachikulu - dongosolo zinachitikadi. mabizinezi Industrial wa dera Chelyabinsk, yemwe ali mmodzi wa otukuka ambiri mu Russia, ndi pafupifupi sanali kulabadira kwa zachilengedwe, ngakhale akolola ali kale mu atsogoleri. Chifukwa cha mpikisano umenewu kwa kuwonjezeka mphamvu Chelyabinsk dera anakwera pamwamba khumi m'madera ambiri wowonongeka wa Russia. Mu masanjidwe zosiyanasiyana nachiyika pa 73rd kuchokera 82, kenako pa 84th wa 85, ndipo ngakhale Sichikhala. Kuwonjezera kuipitsa mafakitale chilengedwe khalidwe la East Ural nyukiliya kufufuza pambuyo pa ngozi Kyshtym. Losasamala khalidwe lokonda chilengedwe zaka 30 zapitazi chinawonjezeka pafupifupi 3 chiwerengero cha odwala matenda a kansa ndi matenda aakulu m'dera ukuvutika iliyonse chachiwiri.

Sitingathe kunena kuti Utumiki wa Environment m'mbali sitikuyesa vutolo. Akuluakulu zonse kufalitsa ndi malamulo chilengedwe dera Chelyabinsk. Makamaka mu 2016 izo lofalitsidwa lamulo latsopano limene anayambitsa mapulogalamu zachilengedwe ntchito ophunzira ikuchitika miyeso kusamala zinthu zachilengedwe, anapereka thandizo kwa zachilengedwe mabizinesi. Amakhala pa kukwaniritsidwa kwa Watsimikiza - mpaka 2025. Komanso, pali lamulo "Pa polojekiti chilengedwe" lamulo "Pa Kupanga ndi mowa Zinyalala" lamulo "Pa mwapadera kuteteza zinthu zachilengedwe." Ophwanya phunziro kwa miyeso mu mawonekedwe a ndalama, ndipo ngakhale yogwilitsidwa ofesi. Monga mukuonera, ntchito zachilengedwe m'munda ikuchitika, koma zinthu akadali chisoni.

Mwachidule Chiyambi Chawo

Pamene dziko la dera Chelyabinsk anali modabwitsa okongola, madzi a mitsinje ndi nyanja ya loonekeratu kulikonse anadzasokoneza zomera, ndi anthu anakhala mogwirizana ndi chikhalidwe. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 17 ku ichi ulendo dera anafika, koma sanapeze chilichonse zothandiza. Patapita zaka 70, zinatengera mobwerezabwereza ulendo, zimene zinaphatikizapo Akatswiriwa luso. Iwo anatha kupeza pano chitsulo miyala kuti anali poyambira chitukuko mafakitale derali. Choyamba anamanga mbewu okha Zlatoust, ndipo pofika cha m'ma 18 panali pafupi makumi atatu. Makamaka zikuluzikulu chitukuko cha makampani m'dera Chelyabinsk m'nyengo ya woyamba asanu. Tsopano Russia ndi makampani zitsulo m'mphepete ichi alibe wolingana. Pamodzi ndi sanali akakhala dera zitsulo umabala 50% ya mankhwala opangidwa mu dziko. mafakitale mizinda yambiri ya m'derali, izo Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk, Zlatoust, Karabash, Miass, Troitsk, Ayenela-Katav, Kopeysk.

Short mankhwala kusanthula

mavuto Environmental wa dera Chelyabinsk kuchititsa ambiri poizoni mu mlengalenga, dziko, mu madzi a mitsinje ndi nyanja. Kwambiri zoopsa:

• Benzopyrene. Anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga, ndi mvula kapena yokha waikamo pansi, kumene ikuchokera zomera. Kodi kudziunjikira mu thupi. Ndi carcinogen amphamvu, izo zimayambitsa masinthidwe majini wawononga DNA.
• Formaldehyde. poizoni kwambiri ndi zachiwawa. Izo zimayambitsa matenda diso, khungu ndi mantha dongosolo.
• Haidrojeni sulfide. Mlingo osachepera lipindulitsa, pamwamba mfundo zingachititse nseru, mutu, edema m'mapapo mwanga, kungachititse kuti imfa.
• Asafe woipa. Izo zimayambitsa asidi mvula, ndi poizoni kwambiri, kusintha kwa chilinganizo magazi.
• zitsulo. M'mbuyo kukula ndi chitukuko cha ana. Kodi kudziunjikira zomera, nsomba, nyama ndi nyama nkhuku. Anthu akhoza kudwala khansa ena ambiri oopsa.

Chelyabinsk mpweya

mzinda uwu wokongola wotchedwa likulu la Urals Kumwera. Mbiri yake kunayamba chaka 1743rd. Onse pafupifupi zaka mazana atatu izo zachitika mafakitale. mavuto Environmental wa dera Chelyabinsk chikanachitika mogwirizana ndi ntchito zimphona ngati mafakitale monga Ferroalloys (Electrometallurgical Bzalani), nthaka Bzalani (CZP), atolankhani-kulipira, chubu, makina chida, Kireni fakitale.

Kuwonjezera mabizinezi chilengedwe worsens magalimoto. M'tawuni ya anthu 1,000 (kuphatikizapo makanda) chifukwa magalimoto 340, mpweya umene muli 120 ths. Matani, kapena 44% m'njira iliyonse. Kwambiri zachilengedwe ovutika ankaona zitsulo Bzalani (Cmp) panamveka mu mlengalenga 46,6% zinthu zonse zoipa. Malo achiwiri anatengedwa ndi kampani "Fortum", womwenso TSETS atatu ndi TPP. Pomaliza limabweretsa CHEKM. Mu Chelyabinsk mpweya pa zitsanzo zosankhidwazi mosalekeza wapezeka kangapo owonjezera MPC benzopyrene, formaldehyde, asafe dioxide, sulfide hydrogen ndi phenol.

Chelyabinsk madzi

mavuto Environmental wa dera Chelyabinsk ndi kuipitsa osati mpweya yekha. Mabizinezi ululu ndi madzi mu malo a. M'chaka iwo anaponya mtsinje pafupifupi mamiliyoni 200 M3 wa nasties, kuzipha onse moyo. Waukulu madzi mtsempha wamagazi a mzinda - mtsinje Miass. Amalandira Popanda kuchitapo kanthu zinyalala effluents 26 makampani kuphatikizapo Kommunkhoz. Mu Miassa madzi opezeka nthawi 2-15 ndi MPC inaimitsidwa zinthu, zitsulo, mafuta. Pafupi ndi tauni ya Karabash mu Miass mtsinje umayenda Sak-Elga, chimenenso, wakhala wokhometsa wa madzi zinyalala. Pa mfundo imeneyi madzi zachilengedwe Miassa kudziwa heavy ayoni apanga mpaka 1130 MACs. Zonsezi amalowa Argazi posungira. Anthu a m'dera Chelyabinsk ndi kutenga kumwa madzi posungira zina - Shershnevskoye. Pakali pano, Unduna wa Environment wa dera Chelyabinsk, kupanga miyezo, anabwerera chigamulo kumvera ndi mtima wonse malamulo madzi mu nkhokwe ili. Komabe, ntchito osadalira pa ecologists ku Moscow pa maziko a mfundo zawo anazindikira muyeso mismatch Shershnevskoye mosungiramo kumwa gwero.

Chelyabinsk nthaka

Nthaka mu mzinda nazonso kwambiri awonongeka. Iwo anapeza Arsenic owonjezera mwakale, cadmium, kutsogolera ndi nthaka zili kuposa MPC ndi pafupifupi 20%. mavuto Environmental wa dera Chelyabinsk za kuipitsidwa nthaka, kuchititsa nkhawa kwambiri pakati alimi. Pakali pano, chiwerengero cha olimapo wowonongedwa ndi zitsulo, ndi mahekitala 95,6 zikwi. Choncho benzpyrene wapezeka pamwamba yachibadwa mafuta 21,8 zikwi mahekitala -. 1,9 zikwi, nthaka -., Arsenic 12 zikwi -. Mahekitala 3.8 .. N'zosavuta kuona mmene zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba kukula pa m'mayiko amenewo.

Malo ambiri oopsa pafupi kampani "Mechel", pomwe benzpyrene mu dothi ali ndende ya 437 MPC, ndi pa mtunda wa 1 Km ku "Mechel" - 80 MPC. Komanso osokonekera dziko pafupi CHEMK kumene benzopyrene 40 MPC ndi CTZ, kumene yoopsa akuwononganso mankhwala alipo 20 MACs.

Magnitogorsk

mzinda uno lili ndi mbiri yake kuyambira 1929, pamene pali inamangidwa Zitsulo Works, ngakhale linga Maginito wakhalapo kuyambira cha m'ma 18. Tsopano voliyumu ya ulimi Magnitogorsk akuchita malo chachiwiri m'chigawochi. The makampani yaikulu ndi Iron ndi zitsulo Ntchito (MMK), simenti ndi refractory Crane Bzalani, JSC "kusonkhana", "Prokatmontazh", "Sitno", "Magnitostroy". Chifukwa irresponsibility atsogoleri ake zowawa zachilengedwe a dera Chelyabinsk wonse. Chiŵerengero CMI m'mizinda mumlengalenga wowonongeka ndi 96%. Ngati inu kutsegula mlingo uwu, manambalawo analandira zoopsa. Tsiku lililonse chomera limatulutsa matani 128 a chabwino fumbi 151 m. SO2 (ichi woipa sulfure). Fumbi losalala zinthu zina ndi wapezeka, kupyoza nthawi MPC 3-10 kutsogolera, mkuwa, chromium, chitsulo, benzene, benzpyrene, toluene, ndi mpweya zakhudzana m'madera onse a m'tawuni. Mu dothi mfundo Arsenic kuposa nthawi 155, faifi tambala 43 Nthawi, nthawi 87 benzopyrene. Kunja kwa mzinda, sikuti bwino. Pali zoipa zinthu mu dothi anapeza "kokha" nthawi 45 kuposa wabwinobwino.

Zlatoust

mzinda uno anakhazikitsidwa mu kufanana ndi pomanga woyamba m'munda wa mbewu zitsulo, ndiko 1754, chaka. Tsopano apa ife anaikira a mabizinezi waukulu mafakitale dera Chelyabinsk - ndi zamagetsi-makina zomangamanga ntchito chida fakitale, nyumba zitsulo ndi mabizinezi oposa khumi yaikuluikulu. Pamodzi, zimatulutsa za 7,7 zikwi. Matani zoipitsa pachaka. Kuyambira zaka za 1993 mpaka 1996, chifukwa cha khama la mpweya zachilengedwe anatsika ndi za 1.5 nthawi, koma mu 2000 iwo kachiwiri anapita mmwamba. Akuluakulu City poyesa kusintha malo amene kuyeretsedwa ikuchitika mu Balashikha chitayiko mosungiramo anamanga sewers yaitali kuposa 2 Km, anafuna kukhetsa madzi oipa.

Karabash

mudzi ndi kunyumba kwa anthu kokha pafupifupi 11 000. Kuyambira Chelyabinsk kwa iye mu mzere wolunjika pang'ono oposa 80 Km. Karabash - tauni yaing'ono, choncho palibe mafakitale mabizinezi ambiri. Pakati pawo, 2 ndipo abrasive mbewu "Karabashmed". Ndi ogwira ntchito kwa kupanga chithuza mkuwa ndi kulimbikira kwa zachilengedwe a dera Chelyabinsk anali koipa mu dziko.

Chomera ngakhale ayesa kutseka, chifukwa chaka, "adzakupatsani" aliyense wokhala matani 7 woipa sulfure; chakupha kwambiri. Mu mlengalenga, izo zifika ku pawiri ndi mpweya, kuchititsa asidi mvula kugwa. Tsopano zinthu zinalili mu Karabash ankaona yovuta. Kuzungulira tawoni, fakitare kwa zaka zambiri anapanga ntchito ya milu zinyalala slag mpaka mamita 40. Palinso Mountain dazi, kumene nzika kuti anaika mawu "Sungani ndi Kuteteza". Nkhani osiyana - mtsinje Sak-Elga. Madzi ake lachikasu lalanje, ndi gombe ndi m'mphepete mwa miyala ankangodzigwera mankhwala dzimbiri.

mizinda ina

A zambiri zinthu zachilengedwe mzinda wa Ozersk, zambiri ndendende, kupanga ake kuyanjana "Mayak", umene umabala zigawo zida za nyukiliya ndi kuyang'anira kusungiramo mafuta nyukiliya. The cheza maziko mu pafupifupi mzinda Russia Komabe, panamveka nthawi yaitali zinyalala mu Techa mtsinje anatumikira, ndi kutumikira lero walitsa gwero kwa mazana a anthu.

The zinthu zisaipe m'tauni ya Korkino ndi m'mudzi wa Rose. Apa mpweya ziphe kusuta yopuma. Kodi chidwi, akatswiri a kuderali wotchedwa zinthu ziliri si owopsa, ndi allocated kuti utsi wa benzpyrene osati choposa MPC, ndipo akatswiri ku Moscow, amene anatenga miyezo, Korkino anazindikira tsoka m'deralo.

Musapereke mpumulo kwa akuluakulu a boma ndi mavuto a zachilengedwe a mzinda Chebarkul Chelyabinsk dera. mabizinezi Large ang'ono. Mwa zomera shlakoblochnogo, Crane ndi chomera plywood slab. Ndi akumane zinthu zachilengedwe kwachititsa mbewu imeneyi, ntchito njira formaldehyde. Pamene moto kapena kasungidwe kupanga zinyalala formaldehyde alowa mpweya, nthaka ndi madzi. Miyezo wasonyeza kuti ndalama kuposa pazipita chovomerezeka ndende mu nthawi pang'ono.

cheza

Nkhawa kwambiri pa nkhani cheza m'dera Chelyabinsk ndi Yopanga Association "Mayak", yomwe ili, kachiwiri, mu Ozersk. Mu ankapitabe ili njira kuyambira mu 1950 mpaka zaka 2000-TH mayina mwadzidzidzi 32, amene anali ngati kuwonjezeka kwambiri cheza maziko. Long, onse zinyalala za nyukiliya munali isotopes a strontium, cesium, nyukiliyazo basi, zirconium, m'ng'anjo mtsinje Techa, chimene chinapangitsa kukhudzana zonse zamoyo zonse pa magombe ake. Okwana zaka zoposa 50 ntchito (mpaka 2000) "Mayak" ku zinkakhalira pa billiard 1.8 becquerels wa zinthu nyukiliya, kuchotsako 25,000 km2. Kuti madzi akuda asagwe mu mtsinje, linamangidwa nambala ya atsamunda, wotchedwa cascades. Koma iwo alibe kukwaniritsa katundu chifukwa zolakwa kamangidwe. Komanso, komabe amanyamula chiopsezo cha East Ural nyukiliya kufufuza, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa pambuyo ngozi pa "Mayak" kumene kunachitika mu 1957. Ndiye, chifukwa kuphulika kwa mmodzi wa maliro mobisa cheza anamasulidwa mu mlengalenga owonjezera curies 20 miliyoni a isotopes nyukiliya, amene anapalamula mphepo malangizo a Tyumen. Anthu nawo mtambo Kuphunzira malo, atabwerera, katundu wawo anawonongedwa ndipo adalenga East-Ural Reserve m'dera zakhudzana. Pali chosatheka kukatenga bowa ndi zipatso, nsomba, ng'ombe odyetserako, ngakhale kuyenda.

zinyalala banja

Utumiki wa Environment wa dera Chelyabinsk akuwalankhula mavuto amenewa. Koma mu mzinda waukulu wa dera Chelyabinsk gwero lina lalikulu la kuipitsidwa - lotayako zinyalala. Yothetsera mulingo woyenera kuti vutoli ndi kumanga zomera zinyalala mankhwala. Mu Chelyabinsk iwo. zinyalala zonse tsiku ndi tsiku, kuyambira 1949, mwazisiya mu akhala akutayirapo dothi ndi, ankakhala mu mzinda. Tsopano ndi malo pafupifupi 80 km2, ndi kutalika kwa zinyalala phiri la mamita oposa 40. Ntchito zonse msilikali yekha imachitika kuthetsa gwero lalikulu la kuipitsa. Bwanamkubwa wa dera yapanga ku bajeti boma ali allocated 1 biliyoni rubles kuthetsa akhala akutayirapo dothi mu Chelyabinsk, komanso kusintha zinthu mu Karabash, Chebarkul, ndi madera angapo ena a m'chigawochi.