History ndi zowoneka wa Bern

Kodi mukudziwa za mzinda wa Bern (Switzerland)? Zikhomo zosiyanasiyana modabwitsa, ndi nthano nawo, kuwonjezera mitundu yowala. maziko a dzina la mzinda chiyani? Kodi mbiri ya magwero ake komanso kuti muyenera ndithudi kuonedwa mu mzinda uno - izi zonse adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi.

Berne

Dzina lake mzinda ndi likulu la Switzerland ndi likulu la Canton lapansi. Iwo lili kumpoto kwa Alps pa Mtsinje Aare, m'chigawo chapakati Switzerland.

Iye amakhala pano anthu pafupifupi 140 zikwi. Bern - waukulu chuma ndi ndale likulu, monga apa zili nyumba zonse zofunika boma ndi chapakati banki la Switzerland.

Pali nthano za dzina "Bern". Woyamba akunena za consonance ndi mawu 'kubala »(Bar) - nyama, amene anayambitsa Berne aphedwe kusakasaka choyamba mu malo awa. Chachiwiri - umagwirizanitsa dzina kuti Verona, Italy, mzinda ankadziwika mu ubwenzi wolimba ndi Njonda ya Verona. Ndipo chachitatu, kungoganizira kwambiri Nkosatheka ndi nthano chikulankhula za Acelt Liwu loti "phiri» (bren) chomwe pambuyo chabe musanjenso makalata.

Mbiri ya m'mudzi

Dera la Bern ano kunkakhala anthu mu II m'ma BC Acelt mafuko. Ndiye wakale kuthetsa Roma anali m'madera amenewa. Mu 1191, Duke Berthold V anakhazikitsa mzinda wa Bern. Duke sanadzisiyira olowa ndi mayiko ake ankadutsa Frederick II - mfumu ya Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma. Bernie anaonekera udindo wa mzinda wachifumu.

Ndipo m'zaka za m'ma XIII, iyo ndi ufulu wodzilamulira, chifukwa Chimonko yabodza kulembamo "Golden hayala wa Bern." The hayala limanena pa udindo wa mzinda yachifumu ndi ufulu yake imapita.

Mu 1353 Bern anakhala gawo la Swiss "Union eyiti dziko." Komabe, osati kuvomereza woterowo tsoka, anali kugwira kumbuyo ufulu wa zaka 35, kenako koma ufulu wodzilamulira, kukhala amphamvu kwambiri ya m'mapiri mzinda boma.

zokopa Bern, malongosoledwe

Izo ziyenera kuti fano la chimbalangondo ndi mbali yofunika ya mzinda. Iye yaitali akhala chithunzi heraldic wa Bern, ndipo anagwira naye nthano za kukhazikitsidwa kwa kukagawira. Malo kumwa la mzindawo ndi otchedwa Nyamuliranani Dzenje kapena Berengraben. Izi ndi okongola ndi chemba kumene zizindikiro moyo wa Bern moyo.

Likulu la Switzerland limatchedwa City a Akasupe. Pali zoposa 100, ndipo ambiri ali m'zaka XVI. Mosakayikira, izi ndi zowoneka chidwi kwambiri Bern. Iwo yemwe anamangidwa monga madzi, koma pa nthawi anayamba ndi mbali ya kapangidwe zokongoletsa za m'misewu - aliyense wa iwo akufotokoza nkhani zosiyanasiyana.

Kasupe polemekeza maziko a mzinda wopangidwa mwa mawonekedwe a fano la Berthold zida zakale zomwe wakhala mapazi chimbalangondo. Kuyambira alendo chidwi sadzakhala kuzembera ndi kasupe wothamanga pafupi Nideggskoy Church, Standard Mwini, pafupi holo mzinda, komanso kasupe wa Mose ndi malamulo m'manja mwake, kapena kasupe wa ngwazi m'Baibulo - Samson.

Poganizira zokopa waukulu mumzinda wa Bern, musaiwale kukweza mutu wake, - pa pamakoma a nyumba uli zoseketsa ziboliboli, kufanizira ntchito mtundu Chotsimikizika a anthu omwe ankakhala m'nyumba.

mzinda wakale

Mu 1405 Bern anali lowonongeka ndi moto. Amangenso mzinda anamaliza okha XVII, kuyambira pano ndipo panali akasupe ndi arcades. Kwa nthaŵi maonekedwe a likulu pafupifupi sanasinthe, ndipo mu 1983 bungwe la UNESCO ali m'ndende za pakati mbiri, pamene pali pafupifupi zowoneka wa Bern.

Molunjika ku siteshoni kuti pakati ndi Shpitalgasse unyolo msewu, Marktgasse, Kramgasse ndi Gerehtikaytgasse. Pachiyambi penipeni pa msewu ndi mpingo Shpitalgasse Hayliggaystkirhe anachita Baroque maziko m'zaka XVIII. Msewu itha pa mlatho Nideggbryukke kumene view amatsegula konse mzinda yaikulu.

Barenplats (Nyamuliranani m'dera) ndi malo chapakati cha Old Town, muli Kefigturm nsanja. Ndipo Kornhausplats lalikulu kasupe ndi dzina zoopsa "Kindlifresserbrunnen" yoti kuwopsyeza ochimwa pang'ono.

Osanenapo kuona monga Berne Tsitlogge - Tower ndi wotchi zakuthambo. Aliyense kanjedza ola iwo amoyo, kusonyeza alendo ndi view chodabwitsa: tambala analira, inu kupusitsa udzaphwanya lolira kuguba zimbalangondo, Knight chikukantha belu, ndipo ndikunyadira mkango kuonera zimenezi.

tchalitchi Protestant

Kamangidwe zikhomo Bern kusonyeza zosiyanasiyana masitaelo ku Gothic kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano ndi Baroque. Choncho, kum'mwera kwa Old Town ndi tchalitchi Gothic. yomanga ake inayamba mu 1421 koma anali atamaliza. Iwo anapitiriza kumanga ake okha 1889.

Nsanja kachisi ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 100 meters, ndi chachikulu belu awiri 247 masentimita akulemera tonnes 10. Quezalcoatl pakhomo la 200 chosema yaikuluikulu akunena chithunzi cha chiweruzo chotsiriza.

Mkati tchalitchi ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Mu nthawi ya Reformation anatenga luso image, koma mwamwayi, mipando ya atumwi XVI ndi kwayala zasungidwa.

Pa othimbirira wakale galasi mazenera a tchalitchi akamachita zithunzi m'Baibulo kuchokera ku Chipangano Chakale, komanso nzika za heraldry mabanja chigamulo mzinda. Chimodzi mwa losaiwalika galasi othimbirira amatchedwa "Dance" kapena "Dance Imfa". Iwo zitikumbutsa mpingo kuti aliyense akuyembekezera mwambowu.

Pomaliza

M'zaka za m'ma XII, izo akutambasula nkhani zodabwitsa Bern. Ndi kuona mumzinda uwu ndi mwayi. Wokondwa alendo wapeza pano akasupe, chokongoletsedwa ndi ziboliboli kodabwitsa kwa Kubadwa Kwatsopano, misewu akale momasuka, mipingo wokongola Gothic ndi Baroque ndi nsanja linga. Ndipo pambali, tikukhala mu zimbalangondo Bern anthu!