Imene chaka St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa? Amene anayambitsa St. Petersburg?

Imene chaka St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa? Funso ili chidwi kwambiri, chifukwa mzinda uwu umatchedwa kumpoto Palmyra. okhalamo amaonedwa kukhala anzeru. City kwa nthawi yaitali anali likulu la Russian Ufumu. Iye muli zinthu zochititsa chidwi, zachifumu, zipilala ndi chikhalidwe.

Imene chaka St. Petersburg linakhazikitsidwa

Amadziwika kuti pa May 27 1703rd mwa dongosolo la Russian Tsar Peter ine kalulu Island yomanga mpanda wolimba ndi linayambika. Anakhala nyumba woyamba mu mzinda, amene analandiranso dzina la St. Petersburg. mumzindawo ali ndi chiyambi yokumba.

Kodi St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa? Ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ngati panopa ku kanthu m'madambo a. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Zimene chaka linakhazikitsidwa ndi St. Petersburg ndi njira kunapezeka mwamsanga kumanga izo, adzapitirira. Paja kuti pomanga zinali zovuta ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri ndondomeko.

A mbiri pang'ono

Pamudzi pakamwa pa za Neva Mtsinje anayamba anamangapo kuyambira m'zaka XIV, asilikali a Sweden (Landkrona linga, 1300) ndi Novgorod (Ayenela-Ohta, 1500). Mu 1611, pa confluence a Okhta Mtsinje mu Neva asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda anamanga mpanda wolimba Nienschanz, pafupi umene posachedwapa anaonekera Nienshtadt kuthetsa (mu Swedish - "mzindawo pa Neva"), imene 1632 analandira udindo wa mzinda. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana XVII Nienshtadt anakhala zazikulu zamalonda, atazunguliridwa ndi ambiri midzi. Mu 1703 anagwidwa ndi asilikali a Russia ndi anadzatchedwa Shlotburg.

mapulani koyamba Peter I

Amene anayambitsa St. Petersburg ndi amene anali prerequisites ichi? Kuteteza magawo atsopano anagonjetsa mu Swedish Ingria pa nkhondo Northern, Tsar Peter ndinaganiza kumanga linga latsopano limene linakhazikitsidwa May 27, 1703 pa chimodzi cha zilumba mu gawo linafalitsidwa kwambiri mkamwa mwa Neva. Ndipo pa June 29, pa Tsiku St. Petro, ndi linga dzina lake St. Peter-Burj (polemekeza mtumwi Petulo). Ichi ndi yankho lina kwa funso limene chaka St. Petersburg anakhazikitsidwa. Poyamba, kuti imathandizira pa ntchito yomanga mpanda unatsanuliridwa lapansi. Ndipo chilengedwe cha nyumba zomangamanga anayamba patapita zaka zitatu. Iwo likukhalira kuti dzina la linga ndi anapereka dzina la tsogolo la mzinda, amene adayamba anamangidwira mozungulira pa m'madambo a chatsanulidwa ndi zilumba oyandikana.

Kachisi wa St. Petersburg, odyera ndi Marina

Mu November, ndi 1703rd pa Birch Island anatsegula kachisi wa mzinda - Utatu. Izo poyamba inamangidwa nkhuni. Komabe, zaka ingapo linadzamangidwanso mu mwala. Nthawi yoyamba, iye anali malo waukulu kulambira likulu latsopano. Zinali pano mu 1721-mamita Peter anatenga mutu wa mfumu. M'dera limene kachisi inali, dzina lake anali yemweyo - Utatu. Iye anachokera ku mtsinje. Neva. Apa ndi amene ankachitika ndi Marina loyamba la mzindawo. Kwa iye kuti yayandikira ziwiya zambiri potsegula ndi katundu. woyamba nyumba za alendo ndi bwalo makhalidwe anali Anamanga pa m'deralo. Chilumbachi, chimene chinali linga, izo anadzatchedwa kuti kalulu mu mzinda.

yomanga

Mofulumira yomanga nyumba mwala Peter Ine loletsa ntchito yomanga mwala Russia, koma ndi aliyense kulowa St. Petersburg umene msonkho wapadera. Munthuyo anali kubweretsa wina kuchuluka kwa mwala kapena kulipira lofanana ndi ndalama. Amamanga Anamanganso mtsinjewo. Anamanga doko la zombo zapanyanja. Anamanganso Vasilyevsky chilumba Peter ankafuna kuti mzinda. The ndondomeko yomanga kunali kovuta, koma amene anayambitsa St. Petersburg, anali kutsimikiza kuti lithe ndipo iye anadziwa zoyenera kuchita.

Ntchito yomanga mzinda, amene zinakonzedwa ngati "zenera Europe", kutsogozedwa ndi akatswiri ena, ndiponso ntchito yomanga akutsatiridwa ndi serfs, ndi zina zotero. N. boma wamba. Last posungira utumiki ntchito. Iwo anabweretsedwa ku Russia. Only 24 zikwi anthu ankachita nkhalango yodula, kukhetsa zithaphwi ndi misewu nyumbayi. Kuyambira 1717 anthu wamba ankagwira ntchito yomanga. Ndi nthawi iyi atataya kale za 6% la ogwira ntchito yomanga 300 zikwi.

The nyumba yoyamba anatumikira yothandiza ndipo koposa zonse, ntchito podziteteza. Aliyense amene anayambitsa St. Petersburg, Russia anafuna kukhazikitsa pamaso m'dera lino kwa zaka zambiri. Posakhalitsa, kumanga wakhala ngakhale chofala kwambiri ndipo yakhala ikuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri ndi mwadongosolo. Ntchito anali kuyang'anira mapulani akatswiri. Mu 1706-mamita kwa kasamalidwe ntchito yonse ndi mafunso Ofesi ya Affairs Urban analengedwa. Mu 1716-mamita Analeredwa ndi dongosolo chachikulu mzinda, kulengedwa ndi wazomangamanga Domenico Trezzini, amene ankagwira ntchito mu mzinda kuyambira maziko ake. Izo ziri molingana kwa dongosolo lino, Center anakonza kuika Vasilyevsky Island. Chinali akufunira mfumu. chisumbu kusamba ndi ngalande awiri a Neva. dongosolo Lake kuphimba gululi geometrically zonse za makwalala, ndi kuti njira ngalande. Komabe, posakhalitsa pomanga ankapita ndi Jean-Baptiste Leblond.

Likulu la ufumuwo

Inde, Peter Wamkulu anayambitsa St. Petersburg. Pang'onopang'ono mzinda bwinobwino anamangidwanso ndipo ndinakulira. Sitima yoyamba yachilendo anafika ku gombe mu 1703. Mu 1705th mzinda anakumana chigumula, ndipo mu 1712-mamita St. Petersburg analengeza likulu la Russia. Apa onse mabungwe a boma ndi Mapu anali kulephereka. Popeza kuti Wamkulu kumpoto nkhondo pa nthawi sizinathe zikadzachitika, ndi wapadera mbiri zachilendo - likulu la boma ndi pa nthaka ena. St. Petersburg anakhalabe likulu la Russia mpaka 1918, pamene kachiwiri ananena Moscow.

Mu 1709, Russia woyamba sukulu chinatsegulidwa ku St. Petersburg mu 1719-TH - m'nyumbayi choyamba (Kunstkamera). Mu 1724-mamita unakhazikitsidwa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Mu 1728-mamita anayamba kufalitsa woyamba Russian nyuzipepala. Mu 1851 St. Petersburg anali wolumikizana ndi Moscow 451-kilometre sitima.

Kwa linakhalapo, mzinda anadzatchedwa kangapo (mu Petrograd mu 1914, Leningrad mu 1924). Mu 1991, iye anabwerera ku dzina la pachiyambi. Ndi wachitatu waukulu pakati pa mizinda ya Europe. Mu 1725th anthu a St. Petersburg anali 40 zikwi anthu ambiri amene anali asilikali, anthu a midzi yoyandikana nayo, komanso linga, analembedwa mumzinda pa ntchito yomanga. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma panali 200 zikwi anthu. Tsopano St. Petersburg ndi kunyumba kwa anthu oposa 5 miliyoni.

pano

1 Peter anayambitsa St. Petersburg, ndiponso mzinda anakhala ngale ya dziko. Panopa, pali m'ma 1200 misewu ndi matchalitchi oposa 70. Alendo sadzasiya zokopa osayanjanitsika monga Kronstadt, Gostiny Dvor, St. Peter ndi Paulo Cathedral ndi Petro ndi Paulo linga, ndi Zima Palace, Hermitage, Kunstkamera ndi ena. Bwerani kwa mzindawo pa Neva, kukhala ogawana nawo za mbiri ya dziko lakwawo!