Polimbana Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich: yonena, mphoto

Leonid Govorov anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri olemekezeka a nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Iye anatsogolera nkhondo ndi dziko la Germany kudutsa dziko, ndipo mu 1944 anamasulidwa utakhala Karelia Finns. Pakuti kuyenera ake ambiri Govorov analandira udindo wa kulamulira dziko la Soviet Union.

zaka zoyambirira

The kulamulira tsogolo la Soviet Union Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich anabadwa February 22, 1897 kuchigawo Vyatka - ngodya akumidzi chimbalangondo wa Russian Ufumu. Butyrka (kumudzi kwawo) anali wamba akuzigawo m'tawuni. moyo asilikali ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi moyo wa anzake, amene achinyamata ndi achinyamata mu First World nkhondo, zisinthe ndi boma.

Childhood Leonid Govorov unachitikira Yelabuga, komwe bambo ankagwira ntchito ndipo amasamalira. Mu 1916, mnyamata maphunziro pa sukulu yophunzitsa maluso, ndipo ngakhale analowa Petrograd Polytechnic Institute. Komabe, mu December yemweyo iye usilikali. Icho chinali First World nkhondo, ndipo boma limachokera ku kumbuyo kwa chuma atsopano anthu. Pambuyo pa February utasintha, Leonid Govorov analandira dzina latsopano. Mkulu wa asilikali a Russian anakumana mu October 1917. Anabwera mphamvu, Bolsheviks zinasaina pangano mtendere ndi Germany, ndipo ambiri a asilikali anali demobilized. Mkulu anabwerera Yelabuga kwa makolo.

nkhondo yapachiweniweni

M'dzinja 1918, Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich limodzi ndi White Army. Panthawi imeneyi, dziko lakwawo anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa mbali ya Kolchak. Kapitawo anatenga gawo m'chaka amanyansidwa azungu a. Anamenya pafupi Ufa, Chelyabinsk ndi Western Siberia. Kolchak anayamba abwerere kum'mawa. Mu November 1919, mayiko anasiya. Mu January, analowa 51th oyenda Division wa Red Army.

Pali Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich anakumana lina m'tsogolo polimbana - Vasiliem Blyuherom. Mu 1919 iye analamula TH kwambiri 51 oyenda Division, ndi pa kupondereza Stalinist anawomberedwa. Mu Blucher Govorov analandira ake malangizo zida zankhondo battalion. Pa chomaliza gawo la Civil nkhondo, msilikali wamkulu tsogolo anaonekera mu Ukraine kumene akanali gulu lalikulu la otsiriza kokana woyera. Zinali Wrangel asilikali. Pa nkhondo mu 1920 Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich analandira mabala awiri - lina pansi Kakhovka, zambiri Antonovka m'deralo.

m'nyengo yamtendere

Nditamaliza wa Civil nkhondo, Leonid Govorov anabwera kudzakhala ndi ntchito mu Ukraine. Mu 1923 anaikidwa kukhala mkulu wa zida zankhondo za 51 oyenda Division Perekopskaya. ntchito pambuyo pake asilikali zinachitika pa maphunziro awo oyamba. Mu 1933 Govorov maphunziro maphunziro pa Frunze usilikali Academy. Koma izo sizinali zokhazo. Kuphunzira chilankhulo German ndipo popitapita mayeso ndi zogwirizana anakhala womasulira asilikali. Mu 1936 asilikali analowa kumene anatsegula Academy ya General Wogwila, ndipo atatsala pang'ono analandira udindo wa mkulu brigade. Titamaliza maphunziro, anayamba kuphunzitsa pa zida zankhondo Academy dzina la Dzerzhinsky.

Mu 1940 nkhondo ndi Finland. Govorov anasankhidwa mkulu wa ndodo ya zida zankhondo mu 7 Army. Iye anatenga gawo mu nkhondo pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Mkulu brigade ankakonza yojambula Chifinishi kumbuyo Mannerheim Line. Pambuyo kusaina mtendere anali Major-General wa zida zankhondo.

The Great kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo

Madzulo a Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, Leonid Govorov anaikidwa mutu wa zida zankhondo Academy dzina la Dzerzhinsky, umene posachedwapa maphunziro. Mwamsanga pamene nagonjetsa German anayamba, iye anatumizidwa kuti atsogolere zida zankhondo ya Western Front. Ndinali kugwira ntchito mu zikhalidwe za disorganization wa asilikali, kupanda kulankhulana ndi blitzkrieg mdani. Western Front zida zankhondo anali nazonso kwa lamulo limeneli. The chisokonezeko wa miyezi ya nkhondo saloledwa kuletsa Germany mu Belarus kapena Ukraine.

July 30 kutaya Govorov anavomereza kuti zida zankhondo za Reserve Front. Major-General inayamba kulinganiza ntchito kumbuyo pa olamulira chapakati pasadakhale Wehrmacht. Zinali iye amene anakonza counterattack Yelnia. September 6 mzindawo unali ukapolo. Ngakhale bwino uyu zosakhalitsa, iye pochitika nthawi. The Germany amene munakhala m'dera Smolensk kwa miyezi iwiri, chifukwa amene anali kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow m'nyengo yozizira yekha.

Nkhondo pafupi Moscow

Kumayambiriro October, wanena anali pa mzere Mozhaisk chitetezo, kukonzekera zomangamanga ake. 15 chiwerengero cha anavulala wotchedwa Dmitry Lelyushenko anatenga lamulo la 5 Army Combined uzimu. Udindo zoopsa anachita poika Georgy Zhukov, amene panokha anasaina kuti lolingana. mapangidwe Izi zinachititsa wamagazi kumbuyo nkhondo pafupi Borodino. October 18 chifukwa adani kutulukira kuti ndalama wotsimikiza kuti m'pofunika kuti achoke mu mzindawo. Kuchedwa Komanso zingadzetse malo a asilikali lonse. Welcome anapatsidwa. Asilikali anabwerera.

Kumayambiriro November, Ankhondo 5 anatenga mbali kumbuyo kunja kwa mzinda wa Moscow. Kumenyana kuno aliyense kilometre. asilikali Soviet amapereka mwa zida zankhondo ndi odana ndi thanki mayunitsi zowonetsera. Kuganizira kumalire a mutuwo, Red Army anayamba kukonza potsimikizira-amanyansidwa pafupi Moscow. November 9, Leonid Govorov anakhala msilikali wamkulu.

Nthawi yobvuta anabwera pa December 1 pamene dziko la Germany anagumula kutsogolo kwa m'dera kulamulidwa ndi Army 5. Zida zankhondo mkulu kutsogolera asilikali. mdani anatha kupangitsa makilomita 10 okha ndipo posakhalitsa unatha. December 5 chiyambi cha Soviet potsimikizira-zolawula pa Moscow.

kusankhidwa latsopano

Mu April 1942, Leonid Govorov mwachidule atasiya kuti chifukwa cha kuukira wokonda appendicitis. Pa mutu wa Army ake 5 anaima Ivan Fedyuninsky. April 25 anachira Govorov ndinapatsidwa ntchito yatsopano. Iye anapita ku Leningrad kutsogolo, amene ankalamulidwa ndi gulu kwambiri asilikali Soviet (linaphatikizapo 55th, 42th ndi 23th Army). Kukhala malo atsopano, mkulu-General mwakhama makamaka anayamba ntchito yake.

Iye adalenga kuchokera zikande Leningrad zida zankhondo Corps, cholinga kauntala-batire nkhondo. Chifukwa vuto la mkulu kutsogolo anafika zatsopano ndege oyeretsa. Pa njira kuti Leningrad Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich (1897-1955) walenga asanu latsopano yamalinga m'madera kumunda. Iwo amakhala mbali ya dongosolo la kunkhondo mosalekeza. Iwo anaikidwa monga anamaliza ndi mfuti ndi mabomba ochita battalions. Otetezeka bwino Leningrad kutsogolo malo unakhazikitsidwa. Akuti zochita zake motsogozedwa ndi zinachitikira wolemera anapeza pa nkhondoyo pafupi Moscow. Makamaka khutu ku chilengedwe mayunitsi chotchinga, magulu a m'manja ndi zina mayunitsi ntchito.

Main zida zankhondo Directorate wa Red Army anayamba kupereka mzinda ndi projectiles lalikulu-likungosonyeza. Izi zinathandiza kuti ayambe chiwonongeko cha mabatire zovuta mdani, kuchita kuwonongeka kwambiri nyumba ndi alendo. Govorov anayenera imodzi kuthetsa mavuto awiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, iye ankayenera kuti akonzekeretse asilikali ndi kuganizira kuswa anatseka misewu, ndipo kapitawo ena anayesetsa kuthandiza anthu njala wa Leningrad.

Red Army akufuna dislodge a ku Germany pafupi wa Leningrad analephera. Chifukwa cha ichi, Michael Khozin (kutsogolo mtsogoleri) anali mosatsata ofesi yake. M'malo mwake anaikidwa Leonid Govorov. Zonse mwa chilimwe cha 1942, anakonza Neva ntchito gulu ndi asilikali 55th kuti Sinyavskaya zolawula. Komabe, m'dzinja, zinadziwika kuti Soviet Army m'chigawo alibe mphamvu kuchotsa ikuyandikira kuti Leningrad (ichi chinali chachikulu njira Cholinga cha chochitika). October 1 Govorov analandira malangizo kutapa pa udindo pachiyambi. Anagwirizana kulikulu pambuyo pokambirana kwambiri. Komabe, "kumenyana m'dera" anapitiriza. Choncho malipoti anaitanidwa ang'ono-ang'ono kanthu. Iwo sanali kusintha zinthu pa kutsogolo, koma chimaonekadi ankavala pansi mdani wagwidwa kunkhondo kuchoka kwawo. Pamene Govorovo Leningrad anawagawa m'magulu. Aliyense wa iwo anali ndi asilikali okhazikika. magulu nkhondo kuti inakhazikitsidwa ku mafakitare, limodzi mu battalions.

Kuyesa kuswa anatseka misewu

Artilleryman mwa kuphunzitsa, Govorov anali pa kutaya asilikali, imene inali asilikali a mitundu n'kotheka. Koma izi sizinamulepheretse mofulumira mu kugwedezeka kwa zinthu. Iye anali wokhoza kuti msanga zinthu zilili pamoyo ndipo adazindikira mwa mtima malo a asilikali Soviet ndi German kutsogolo iliyonse. Leonid Govorov nthawi zonse anamvetsera mwatcheru atumiki ake, kodi tisasokoneze iwo, ngakhale, ndipo sanali verbiage kanthu. Iye anali munthu wa okhwima kudziletsa bungwe, ndi kufuna chimodzimodzi kwa ena. Mu Leningrad likulu la chikhalidwe chotero otchedwa ulemu molemekeza. Party mitu (Zhdanov, Kuznetsov, ndi Shtykov T. D.) anamukomera ndi kulemekeza.

Mu January 1943, kutsogolo Leningrad anagwidwa kachiwiri. January 18 anatseka misewu mphete linathyoka likulu kumpoto. Kupanga izo zikomo zotheka awiri atali-mantha Volkhov (molamulidwa ndi Kirilla Meretskova) ndi Leningrad amadzibisa (analamula Leonid Govorov). mdani grouping linagawanika ndi asilikali a Soviet anakumana kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Ladoga.

Ngakhale pamaso pa yojambula chomaliza cha anatseka misewu ya Govorov analandira udindo wa wamkulu ambiri. M'chaka cha 1943 67th Army, chimene akulamulirani, anatenga gawo mu ntchito Mga. cholinga chake chinali kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa Kirov njanji kum'mwera kwa nyanja ya Ladoga. Ngati kulankhulana anamasulidwa ku Germany, Leningrad adzakhala ndi odalirika ndi yabwino njira ya ndi zina dziko. Zinali katundu nkhondo. asilikali Soviet chifukwa kuchepa kwa mphamvu sanathe kuchita ntchito zonse, ndipo nthawi yophukira Mga protrusion sinasinthe kwambiri m'kupita. Komabe, nthawi ntchito ku Red Army ndi Wehrmacht pansi kuwonjezeka movutikira.

Kumasulidwa kwa Leningrad

Mu kugwa kwa 1943, mitengo anayamba kukonzekera latsopano Leningrad-Novgorod zolawula. November 17 Leonid Govorov anakhala General wa Army. Kumayambiriro a 1944, asilikali akuwatsogolera anaswa chitetezo mdani padziko Leningrad. January 27 mayunitsi German anali kale za makilomita zana kuchokera mumzinda. The anatseka misewu adapachikidwa definitively. Tsiku lomwelo m'malo mwa Govorov Stalin inalamula kugwira makombola mu mzinda ukapolo.

Komabe, pa nthawi ya chikondwerero anali pang'ono. Mwamsanga kubwerera ntchito yake, Leonid Govorov n'kutsogolera wa Leningrad kutsogolo motsogozedwa Narva. Mu February, Red Army mtsinje. Ndi kasupe counteroffensive patsogolo mpaka makilomita 250. Linatulutsidwa lonse la Leningrad, komanso ena Kalinin wapafupi.

Amalimbana ndi Finns

June 10 asilikali Front anatumizidwa ku kumpoto kwa Vyborg-Petrozavodsk ntchito. Mdani waukulu umenewu unali Finland. The Likulu anafuna kuti mupewe nkhondo angakuthandizeni ya Ulamuliro wa Nazi. Zinkalankhulidwa anayamba ntchito achinyengo woonekeratu kuzemba. Madzulo a luntha Chifinishi inamva amadza maphunziro m'chigawo Narva. Pakali pano, bulu Soviet kale kuwinduka 21 Army pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Pakuti mdani, nkhonya Tinadabwa wathunthu.

Komanso, pamaso pa isanayambike Govorov analamula kuchititsa maphunziro zida zankhondo ndi mndandanda wa kunyanyala mpweya. Kwa masiku khumi yotsatira, magulu ankhondo Leningrad kutsogolo anaswa mizere itatu ya chitetezo ku malo akale Mannerheim Line, amene anamangidwanso pa utakhala ndi. Leonid Govorov nawo nkhondo Soviet-Chifinishi ya 1939-1940. Iye ankadziwa dera makamaka gulu lankhondo la mdani.

Kupita patsogolo mofulumira ya Red Army anali kumasulidwa kwa Vyborg June 20, 1944. masiku awiri izo zisanachitike, Leonid Govorov anakhala kulamulira dziko la Soviet Union. Udindo kunali kusonyeza mtengo asilikali. Iye anatenga gawo mu gulu la nambala ntchito yofunika: kubweza matenda a ku Germany pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, ankalimbikitsa Moscow, Leningrad, anamasula potsiriza anamenyana ndi Finns.

Pambuyo kubwezeretsa kwa mphamvu Soviet mu Vyborg ndewu anatitumiza kwa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba. Panali pafupifupi onse Chifinishi ankhondo (Anthu 60 zikwi). Nagonjetsa Union kobvuta ndi olimbika malo amenewa. zowopseza madzi, nkhalango zobiriwira, kusowa misewu - zonsezi chimasokoneza kumasulidwa kwa Korinto lapansi. Zikuchepa kuchuluka zomvetsa wa Red Army. Pa nkhani imeneyi, July 12 uliwonse analamula kuti apite kumbuyo. Komanso pasadakhale anapitiriza Karelian mphamvu kutsogolo. Mu September, Finland anasiya nkhondo ndipo anagwirizana adani.

Mu chilimwe ndi autumn 1944, polimbana Govorov anayamba ntchito mu Estonia kumasulidwa. Mu October, iyenso mgwirizano ntchito yausilikali ku kumasulidwa kwa Riga. Kamodzi likulu la Latvia linayeretsedwa wa ku Germany, a zotsala za mphamvu Wehrmacht m'mayiko Baltic anali oletsedwa mu Courland. Agonje kwa gulu ili Analeredwa May 8, 1945.

nkhondo itatha,

Mu yamtendere Leonid Govorov anayamba kutenga udindo wapamwamba asilikali utsogoleri. Iye anali mkulu wa Leningrad usilikali District ndi Wolamulira wa Air silikhali. Motsogozedwa wake, asilikali apita kupyolera ziŵalo kwambiri. Komanso, zitsulo analandira zida zatsopano (womenya Jets, odana ndi ndege mizinga, radars ndi zina zotero. D.). Dziko walenga ndi chishango cha ananena NATO ndi US kuukira mu akutulukira Cold nkhondo.

Mu 1952, otsiriza Stalinist XIX Congress wa CPSU, Leonid Govorov anasankhidwa wakonzekera m'Komiti ya Central. Mu 1954 anayamba kuphatikiza malo mkulu wa Air Kumenyana ndi wachiwiri wa nduna za Kuteteza Soviet Union. Otanganidwa ndandanda ndipo amayamba zoipa bwanji thanzi la polimbana ndi. Leonid Govorov, anafa March 19, 1955 kuchokera sitiroko kanthawi pa holide Barvikha chipatala chaching'ono.

Lero, mu ulemu wa polimbana dzina lake misewu m'mizinda ikuluikulu woyambawo USSR (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kiev, Odessa, Kirov, Donetsk, ndi zina zotero. D.). Samalani kwambiri kuti amayamikira kukumbukira izo mu Leningrad kale ndi ukapolo kudzera ntchito ya anayesetsa motsogoleredwa ndi Govorov. Pa nyumba awiri ndi mipukutuyi ndi paki pa Fontanka Mtsinje dzina lake. Mu 1999 Zokhoma m'dera anali chipilala L. A. Govorovu.

maulemu

Zaka kumenyana njira Leonid Alexandrovich anali limodzi ndi zosiyanasiyana mendulo ndi mayina aulemu. Mu 1921, pambuyo mabala awiri tsogolo polimbana Govorov analandira Order ya Red mbendela. Iye ankalemekeza mphoto imeneyi kwa kulimba mtima ndi kulimbika pa Perekop-ChONGARSKIJj ntchito pamene Wrangel asilikali potsiriza anapambana Crimea. Pambuyo Soviet-Chifinishi nkhondo Govorov analandira Order ya Red Star.

Mu masiku yamdima ya Great kukonda dziko lako lonse, pamene asilikali Wehrmacht anaima pafupi Moscow, kuti Leonid Aleksandrovich anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a chitetezo cha likulu. November 10, 1941, madzulo a counteroffensive, analandira dongosolo la Lenin. mphotho lotsatira akumuyembekezera pambuyo kuswa anatseka misewu ya Leningrad. Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich, amene mbiri ndi nkhani yonena za munthu wa atsogoleri kwambiri ya nkhondo yachiwiri, analandira wolemekezeka Order ya Suvorov digiri Ine.

Iye anali ndi dzanja mu kupambana kwa Red Army pa kumasulidwa kwa dera la USSR asilikali ntchito ya Wehrmacht. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti January 27, 1945 polimbana Govorov Leonid Aleksandrovich anakhala ndi Hero wa Soviet Union. Pakati mphoto ake ali mendulo ambiri amene kupereka yomasulira kapena chitetezo a m'mizinda ikuluikulu.

May 31, 1945, masabata angapo pambuyo kugonja Germany, Govorov anali kupereka dongosolo la "Kupambana". Pa kuli lonse chizindikiro ulemu ngati kupereka anthu 17 okha amene, ndithudi, anatsindika kufunika chopereka Leonid kuti kugonjetsedwa kwa Anazi mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti, kuwonjezera pa Soviet, ndipo iye analandira mphoto achilendo: dongosolo la Legiyo Ulemu (France), komanso American Order "Khamu Ulemu".