Injini njinga yamoto: chipangizo, mfundo opaleshoni, specifications luso

madalaivala watsopano nthawizina timaganiza kuti n'cofunika kwambili, amene njinga zamoto injini - ndi kuchuluka kwa ndiyamphamvu, ndipo ndikukhulupirira kuti pamalowo zidzakuyenderani bwino, koma kukhala ndi mphamvu zoposa zana mphamvu. Komabe, popanda chithunzi ichi, pali zinthu zambiri zokhudza ubwino wa ntchito ya galimoto ndi.

Mitundu ya injini njinga yamoto

Pali awiri sitiroko ndi zinayi sitiroko injini, mfundo zomwe ndi yosiyana.

kukhazikitsa ambiri osiyana a zonenepa monga zamoto.

Kuwonjezera injini mbadwa carbureted, mukhoza zambiri mayunitsi jekeseni. Ndipo ngati yoyamba ya motorcyclists ntchito kukonza nokha, ndi mafuta jekeseni injini ndi dongosolo mwachindunji jekeseni kukonza manja awo kale mabvuto. Iwo akhala akuchita njinga dizilo ndipo ngakhale galimoto magetsi. Nkhaniyi tikambirana makhalidwe a injini mtundu njinga yamoto carburetor.

Monga injini ikulira

The zonenepa olimbana matenthedwe mphamvu ya mafuta kuyaka n'kukhala ntchito makina. Avundulidwe chifukwa mpweya kuthamanga pisitoni imazungulira ndi crankshaft kudzera ndi limagwirira tiyipukuse. limagwirira tichipeza crankshaft ndi, kulumikiza ndodo, pisitoni mphete, pisitoni zikhomo, yamphamvu.

Kusiyana mu dongosolo kuyambitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana thuu ndi injini anayi sitiroko.

injini anayi sitiroko

Motors oterowo ntchito mkombero anayi sitiroko pisitoni kusintha awiri crankshaft lapansi. Galimoto galimoto chipangizo atsimikiza pisitoni mkati kuyaka injini ndi mayendedwe ake.

1. Pamene polowera pisitoni amatsika kuchokera kufika pamwamba akufa, woyamwa osakaniza kupyolera valavu lotseguka.

2. Pa psinjika pisitoni akukwera kuchokera pansi pakati akufa, compress kusakaniza.

3. Mu ntchito pa osakaniza, kamodzi chimawalitsika ndi amayaka magetsi mphamvu ndi mpweya ndi kusuntha pansi pisitoni.

4. Pamene potulutsa pisitoni, zitsulo, akukankha utsi mpweya ali kudzera poyera vavu utsi. Pamene iwo kachiwiri ukufika pamwamba malo akufa, valavu utsi ndi chatsekedwa, ndi chirichonse akubwerezedwa kachiwiri.

Chetyrehtaktnikov ubwino ndi:

• kudalirika;

• Mwachangu;

• zochepa zoipa utsi;

• pang'ono phokoso;

• mafuta kale ziziwayendera ndi mafuta.

Kamangidwe ka mtundu Mungasonyeze zotsatirazi galimoto dera.

injini awiri sitiroko

Buku la mtundu uwu wa injini njinga yamoto, kawirikawiri zochepa, ndipo ntchito mkombero amatenga zisinthe wina. Komanso, palibe kudya ndi utsi mavavu. Ntchito imeneyi imabereka ndi pisitoni lenilenilo, limene chimatsegula ndi kutseka njira ndi zenera pa cylindrical galasi. Carter komanso ntchito kuwombola mpweya.

Ubwino injini awa:

• ndi buku womwewo wa yamphamvu imene ali ndi mphamvu choposa chetyrehtaktnik nthawi 1.5-1.8;

• Ilibe camshaft ndi vavu;

• zotsimikizira mtengo.

Zonenepa ndi mayendedwe m'menemo

The mayendedwe a wina ndi galimoto zina amapezeka yamphamvu ya.

pisitoni ndi anasamukira ndi cylindrical galasi kapena mayikidwe wamanja. Ngati mpweya kuzirala akugwira ntchito, nthiti cylindrical ndi shati, pamene yozizira madzi - M'mimbamo mkati.

The crankshaft kudzera ndodo polumikiza amalandira pisitoni kayendedwe, wodziwonetsa mu kasinthasintha, kenako kudutsa kufala makokedwe. Komanso kuyambira pa chiyambi ntchito zake mpweya kufalitsidwa limagwirira, mpope, jenereta ndi bwino migodi. The crankshaft chimodzi kapena bondo kwambiri malingana ndi chiwerengero cha masilindala.

Mu injini anayi sitiroko, yamphamvu ndi bwino wodzazidwa ndi osakaniza polowera akuyamba pamaso pa pisitoni ukufika pamwamba pakati akufa ndipo umatha pambuyo kudutsa pansi pakati akufa.

Kuyeretsedwa imayambira asanafike pansi pakati akufa, ndi mipweya utsi ndi kuchotsedwa pa pisitoni kuyenda kwa mfundo pamwamba akufa. Kenako, valavu utsi atseka ku mipweya kusiya yamphamvu ya.

Pa galimoto ya mtundu umenewu, izi mitundu ya nthawi :

• OHV;

• OHC;

• DOHC.

Mu mtundu otsiriza ali ndi mlingo wa zinthu, kotero kuti crankshaft akhoza atembenuza mofulumira. Choncho, DOHC likupitirirabe wamba.

Zinayi zikwapu ndi dongosolo zovuta kwambiri poyerekeza ndi awiri sitiroko, monga iwo ndi dongosolo kondomu ndi njira mpweya kufalitsidwa ndi kwina awiri sitiroko. Komabe, iwo akhala ambiri anayala chifukwa zimakhudza ndalama zochepa oipa chilengedwe.

Njinga yamoto injini kaŵirikaŵiri one-, lupanga ndi zinayi yamphamvu. Koma pali mayunitsi ndi atatu, asanu ndi khumi zonenepa. zonenepa ali-mzere ndi - kotenga kapena yopingasa, horizontally kutsutsidwa, V zooneka ndi L woboola pakati. Voliyumu ntchito ya injini zambiri alibe kuposa wina ndi kiyubiki mamita miliyoni theka la moto awa. Engine mphamvu - kuchokera zana makumi asanu zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu ndiyamphamvu.

mafuta injini

Kondomu n'kofunika pofuna kupewa mikangano iliyonse kwambiri pakati pa mbali engine. Iwo anazindikira mwa mafuta galimoto, ndi dongosolo kugonjetsedwa mwangozi kutentha ndi otsika kukhuthala pamlingo wochepa. Komanso, sindiwo madipoziti kuti si aukali ku pulasitiki ndi mphira zigawo.

Mafuta ndi mchere, theka-kupanga ndi kupanga. Theka-synthetics ndi synthetics ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, koma mitundu izi amakonda kwambiri, chifukwa ankakhulupirira kuti ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa injini. Awiri-sitiroko ndi chetyrehtaktnikov ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafuta. iwo amasiyana mu mlingo wa kunachititsa.

The "chonyowa" ndi "wouma" sump

Mu anayi sitiroko injini ntchito njira zitatu mafuta:

• kutengeka;

• kudontheza pansi;

• Wonjezerani kuthamanga.

Ambiri mikangano awiriawiri ndi afewetsedwa wapanikizidwa ndi mpope mafuta. Koma palinso anthu a afewetsedwa ndi mafuta nkhungu, anapanga chifukwa cha kupopera ndi tiyipukuse limagwirira, komanso mbali imene mafuta umayenda mwa njira ndi m'ngalande. Choncho sump akutumikira monga mosungiramo a. Iwo amatchedwa Pankhaniyi, "chonyowa".

Mu njinga zamoto zina, dongosolo la "youma" crankcase kumene mbali imodzi ya mafuta amawapopa mu thanki, ndi zina akudyetsedwa opanikizika kumalo kukhululukirana.

Mu duhtaktnikah kondomu mafuta amapezeka kuti ali mu nthunzi mafuta. Ndi wothira mafuta pasadakhale, kapena chitoliro polowera umaperekedwa ndi dosing mpope. Lingaliro lomaliza amatchedwa "osiyana kondomu dongosolo." Makamaka zofala injini yakunja. Mu Russia, dongosolo akulowa injini ya njinga yamoto "IZH Planet 5" ndi "ZiD 200 Courier".

dongosolo kuzirala

Nkhunizo combusted mu injini, kutentha amapangidwa, kumene pafupifupi sate-faifi peresenti amapita ku ntchito zothandiza ndipo ena ali ankakhala moyo wotayirira. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngati ndondomeko ndi mbali inefficient mu mbiya kutenthedwa, tingayambe jamming ndiponso kuwonongeka. Kuti izi sizinachitike, dongosolo yozizira ntchito, zomwe ndi mpweya ndi madzi, malingana ndi mtundu wa engine.

Air Wozizilitsa System

Mu gawo ili, dongosolo utakhazikika ndi mpweya kumadza. Nthawi zina chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino ya mutu yamphamvu kuvumbitsira ribbed. Nthawi zina amakakamizidwa yozizira zimakupiza ntchito makina kapena magetsi. Mu chetyrehtaktnikov komanso bwinobwino utakhazikika mafuta, umene padziko casing kwambiri chifukwa ndi kukhazikitsa radiators wapadera.

dongosolo madzi kuzirala

Njira zofanana ndi zimene anaika mu galimoto. Nawu coolant zoletsa kuwuma, umene ndi otsika kuzizira (opanda forte kuti opanda madigiri sikisite Celsius) ndi mkulu-kuwira (mazana makumi atatu kuchokera makumi awiri zana wina madigiri Celsius). Komanso, zoletsa kuwuma ndi anticorrosion akwaniritsa lubricating kwenikweni. madzi oyera ngati sangathe ntchito.

Kutenthedwa a dongosolo yozizira bwino zimayamba ndi zimamuchulukira kapena kuipitsidwa wa pamalo, amene kumaliseche kutentha. Komanso, zinthu payekha akhoza kuswa mmenemo, chifukwa cha zomwe madzimadzi umayenda kunja. Choncho, kuzirala ntchito ayenera nthawi zonse kuyang'aniridwa.

dongosolo kotunga

Monga mafuta ntchito pa njinga yamoto carburetor mafuta octeni nambala osachepera 93.

njinga yamoto injini ndi dongosolo magetsi, womwenso thanki mafuta, ndi valavu, fyuluta, mpweya fyuluta ndi carburetor. Mafuta kusungidwa mu thanki, zomwe nthawi zambiri yakwera pamwamba injini kuti carburettor ndi yokoka otaya. Nthawi zina, mwina kupatsidwa mpope wapadera kapena zingalowe actuator. Yotsirizira angapezeke pa awiri sitiroko.

Thanki mafuta ali ndi chivindikiro ndi kutsegula wapadera, kumene mpweya akulowa. Mu njinga zamoto ambiri achilendo Komabe, mpweya umadutsa malo malasha. Ndipo ena ali pa loko chivundikirocho.

Chifukwa mafuta tambala ndi zizipita ku ikudontha mafuta.

Kudzera mpweya fyuluta mu mlengalenga akulowa carburetor. Sefa ulipo magulu atatu.

1. The yaying'ono-mafuta mtundu mpweya akulowa malo, kutembenukira kudzera madigiri 180 napereka mu sefa. Kotero chitakonzedwa ndi kutembenuzira otaya kumene particles ankawonjezereka kukhazikika mu mafuta. Choncho sefa amaperekedwa ndi njinga yamoto injini "Ural" ndi "Iz". Komabe, kunja ntchito zina pepala ndi thovu.

2. Paper Zosefera ndi disposable. Iwo ayenera m'malo iliyonse yokonza.

3. Zosefera thovu ndi reusable - iwo akhoza kutsukidwa ndi kukonzanso zabwinozabwino.

Sports njinga zamoto, imene 250 CC injini ndi pamwamba lero ndi dongosolo la otchedwa "madyedwe mwachindunji" kumachitika pamene mpweya wambiri kutsogolo cowl, potero nadzaza yamphamvu imathamanga Mkulu kuchuluka.

Carburetor ndi mitundu yake

zida izi amakonzekera ndipo amawapatsa mpweya mafuta osakaniza, amene pambuyo akulowa yamphamvu ya. carburetors amakono a mitundu itatu:

• spool;

• mosalekeza dilution;

• kulembetsa.

Motors zonse zoweta ndi galimoto njinga yamoto "Ural" ndi spool carburetors. Yekha ndi "Ural-East", limene carburetor zonse kuyamwa.

The spool carburettor fulumizitsa ndalezo chikugwirizana ndi spindle lapansi. Kudzera kukhudzana ndi izo umamangidwa ndi mpweya kulowa injini. Ndi Wopanda vavu kugwirizana phirilo singano zomwe zili m'gulu dispenser lapansi. Pamene chingasinthe osakaniza limayenda kapena zatha. Wokwera pa ndege kutsitsi mfuti mafuta. Ndi zinthu zonse amapanga dongosolo dosing.

Mu carburetors zonse dilution fulumizitsa kayendedwe imafalikira fulumizitsa kuti uli pafupi ndi khomo la carburetor lapansi. Mpweya m'chipinda pamwamba pa ulamuliro pisitoni interacts ndi carburetor kusakaniza chipinda. Choncho likukhalira kuti kayendedwe ka spool ndi malamulo underpressure kapepala kakuti zakudya.

Register carburetors, zomwe zili ndi ambiri achilendo umodzi yamphamvu chetyrehtaktniki monga Honda injini kuphatikiza awiri mitundu m'mbuyomu. Iwo ali awiri kuphatikiza zipinda, kumene spool munthu lotengeka ndi chogwirira, pamene winayo - ndi zingalowe m'chipinda kusakaniza.

Launch

Kuyamba injini ozizira, kufunika kuti akatidzadza kusakaniza. Mu ena carburetors kamera ichi ali utopitel zimatengedwa. Pamene mbamuikha ndodo, mafuta mlingo m'chipinda limatuluka zikuchepa ndi mlingo pamwamba pa chovomerezeka. Chifukwa cha ichi, mafuta umayamba kuyenda mu zakudya ngalande. A mbali ya mafuta umayenda kunja. Kwa kanthawi Komabe, pomanga carburetors anakonza kuti awiriawiri sindimalekana. machenjerero oterewa kugwiritsa ntchito moonetsetsa osakaniza, umene ndi kutsamwa kapena ndime ina mafuta. Izo ntchito m'malo utopitelya.

Posachedwapa, zinayi sitiroko njinga yamoto injini zambiri ndi dongosolo mafuta jekeseni kwa magetsi. Amakhala ndi mafuta mpope ndi galimoto magetsi, batire, injectors atomu, zamagetsi Cu, amene chikugwirizana kuti zimatulutsa zosiyanasiyana, kufalitsidwa zobwezedwa.

Palinso galimoto ulamuliro dongosolo, kumene kusintha kachitidwe okwanira ndi poyatsira amaphatikizidwa, amene kumawonjezera dzuwa, ndipo pa nthawi yomweyo, mphamvu wagawo ndi.

Waukulu mphamvu kulephera chifukwa njinga yamoto injini kukonza ukafunidwe, - kuchepetsa kapena kutha kwa kotunga mafuta chifukwa blockage. Popewa izi, ntchito mafuta fyuluta. Komanso, m'pofunika kuti aziona chikhalidwe cha mpweya fyuluta ndi mipope kutayikira.

dongosolo utsi

Dongosolo utsi imakhala ndi tubular outflow njira, chitoliro ndi muffler. Awiri sitiroko pa kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mbali ya dongosolo ndi mwachindunji amadalira Mwachangu ndi mphamvu. Choncho, ntchito machitidwe utsi pa chilichonse yamphamvu payekha. Ali ndi resonator chubu ndi chonena nozzle.

Mu chetyrehtaktnikov kumasulidwa ulamuliro vavu a dongosolo mpweya kufalitsidwa, kuti kumveka mu iwo si kofunika. Kawirikawiri kugwirizana ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti silencer limodzi.

Pa nkhani zina za njinga zamoto okonzeka ndi converters othandizira, amene kuchepetsa mpweya poizoni (iwo amene anaika Mwachitsanzo, Honda injini ndi opanga ena Japanese). makina onga yapangidwa chifukwa amafuna kuwonjezeka kwa utsi mpweya mu EU, US ndi Japan. Pofuna kupewa n'zosiyana ejection zosakaniza zonenepa pa ulesi ndi kasinthasintha ka crankshaft, mu kachitidwe utsi ambiri njinga yamoto anapereka cardinality mavavu wapadera.