Island Shumshu: malongosoledwe. Limba pa chisumbu Shumshu

Kamodzi pa nthawi kumwera kwa ku Kamchatka Peninsula, ku malire m'munsi wa Amur, Sakhalin ndi Kuril Islands Ainu anakhala anthu akale. mbadwa awa kumene kuli chilumbacho Shumshu. Mu 1711, pa izi kumpoto ambiri Islands Kuril anapita wapaulendo ku Siberia Ivan Kozyrevsky. Detachment wa Cossacks, lotsogoledwa ndi iye ndi Danilo Antsyferova, anafika pa Shumshu cholinga cha chitukuko ndi chiwerengero cha inalowa Russian ku zilumba Kuril. Ulemu Ivana Kozyrevskogo pa Shumshu wotchedwa Bay ndi Cape. Ndipo polemekeza Antsyferova yotsatira phunziro chilumba Paramushir, wotchedwa phiri, phirilo ndi Cape. Komanso, dzina lake linaperekedwa kwa mmodzi wa 56 Islands Kuril.

ownerless chilumba

Mu 1787, 21 pachilumbachi mwalamulo linalanda ku Russian Ufumu, kuphatikizapo chilumba Shumshu. Poyamba, dziko anayamba kufufuza Russian. Ndipo ngati inu kumbukirani, kuti ngakhale madzulo wa nkhani 1792. Hokkaido sanali gawo Japanese, ndi Kuril Islands ambiri osati mbuyako ndi chidwi zomveka kwambiri anthu Russian malonda ku kulungamitsidwa kuti aliyense zina nawo. Koma Romanovs onse, kuyambira ndi Catherine II, sankafuna kuti Far East palibe chidwi, ndipo izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kugulitsa Alaska.

Terms ndi otaika zilumba

Akadzagonjetsedwa Russia mu Chirasha Japanese Nkhondo ya 1904-1905, ndi Kuril Islands ndi kum'mwera Sakhalin achoke ku Japan, ndipo panopa Sakhalin dera lagawidwa pawiri. Mu 1945, US ndi UK atembenukira kwa Soviet Union ndi pempho lake kulowa mu nkhondo yolimbana Japan. USSR analonjeza kuchita izo miyezi ndendende itatu kuwombola kubwera kwa South Sakhalin ndi Islands Kuril. Dziko lathu wasunga mawu ake.

anapanga wotchuka

Ndiyeno m'bwalolo mbiri akubwera unremarkable Shumshu kale wosiyana Kamchatka 1 Kuril Khwalala, amene m'lifupi pa mfundo iyi ndi makilomita 11. Kuyambira loyandikana Paramushiro Shumshu alekanitsa 2 eponymous Khwalala, amene m'lifupi - 2 okha kuchokera kutali.

Kufotokozera za chilumba akhoza kuyamba ndi miyeso yake. m'litali ndi 30 Km, m'lifupi - 20. Ndi otsika a zilumba zonse 56. Iwo ali pang'ono matupi atsopano madzi, yaikulu imene angatchedwe Big Lake. Nyanja ndi Majachnaja - mitsinje awiri likuyenderera mu m'gawo lake, malo wofanana mamita lalikulu 388. Km. The chimbuzi cha chilumba limatuluka kuti mamita 189 pamwamba pa nyanja, ndipo amatchedwa phiri lalitali. Plain ndi losavuta Russian dzina. Kodi iye otchuka? asilikali Soviet ankafika ntchito ikuchitika pano m'mwezi wa August.

Mbali yomaliza ya Soviet-Japanese Nkhondo

Nanga pa chilumba chimenechi, linaphulika nkhondo yotsiriza ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, imene akasinja anatenga gawo ndipo anali wankhanza kwambiri. Nkhondo chisumbu Shumshu analowa Kuril ankafika opareshoni, chimene chinafika kwa 18 kuti September 1. Cholinga cha opaleshoni - ndi adani a Islands Kuril. Anatha magulu ankhondo 2 Far East Front, analamula General wa Army M. A. Purkaev ndi Pacific zombo, lotsogoledwa ndi asilikali I. S. Yumashev. Izo kale anagwira ntchito bwino Manchuria, amene anali inawonongedwa , ndi Kwantung Army. Complete kumasulidwa kwa South Sakhalin inatha ndi tiponye malangizo. patsogolo awa analenga zinthu zabwino kwambiri wosamasula ku Kuril Islands Japanese.

The nkhondo a zilumba

Pachilumba wakumpoto wa Shumshu inali yaikulu panyanja m'munsi mwa Japan Kataoka, amene anatumiza Zombo Zankhondo Japanese kugwila Pearl Harbor. Anali kuno ndi airfield runways zomwe zinasungidwa kuti masiku athu, ndipo ngakhale mu 90s wa atumwi otsiriza ankafika chichokereni ku Elizovo (Kamchatka) ndege L-410 - 19 mpando amapasa-injini aviamashiny kwa ndege m'deralo.

Soviet asilikali anadalira anadabwa kuukira, cholinga chimene chinali chilumba Shumshu - lophunzira iwo ndi kulenga pano ankamasulira pochita zina lophunzira Paramushiro, Onekotanom ndi zina zilumba, omwe anali Japanese asilikali. Iwo anali anaikira asilikali 80 zikwi, anamanga 9 airfields kuti akhoza kumakhalamo pafupifupi 600 ndege.

yosatsutsika linga

Mwachindunji pa chisumbu Shumshu anali akasinja 60, 11 za thupi Panzer alumali 100 zipangizo, ndi zikwi asilikali owerengedwa 8.5. Man. Chilumba chonsecho ndi umodzi yaikulu ndi yamalinga kumbuyo dongosolo. Malo, zipatala, maofesi mphamvu ndi mfundo aya anali atabisala pa akuya mamita 50-70. Ambiri a mfuti anali bwino zobisika, ndi lamulo Soviet analibe maganizo kulikonse pa zimenezo, koma pali zinthu zambiri zonyenga. Only bunkers konkire pa chilumbacho anamanga mayunitsi 300, nyumba chitetezo odana airborne zinamangidwa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ku 3-4 kuchokera kumtunda.

Kufulumira kwa kumuukira kunali kofunika chifukwa ndi nthawi iyi Soviet Union ngakhale wafika mgwirizano ndi United States pa kubwerera wodzala ndi Islands Kuril ndi kum'mwera Sakhalin, koma akuzengereza pang'ono patsogolo ntchito za chilumba chilichonse asilikali American. Makamaka Hirohito, mfumu ya ku Japan pa 15 August analamula asilikali pokonzekera kugonja makamaka America. Kufulumira kwa kuukira, ndinakhala pa mtima ntchito ndi asilikali a Soviet, ambiri, kulungamitsidwa, kupatula, kachiwiri, asilikali Soviet anaphedwa pa adani a chilumba kumpoto.

Mbali ya asilikali Soviet

Pa ankafika, imene inali ku mphepo chilumba Shumshu, amaphatikiza pafupifupi chilichonse kuti wogwidwa kumbuyo dera Kamchatka. Obweretsa gulu inkakhala 8.3 zikwi. Mifuti ankhondo ndi mortars anayesedwa mu kuchuluka mayunitsi 118, kuwala ndi mfuti katundu makina anali pafupifupi 500 zidutswa. Amphibious gulu wakhala wogawanika mu vanguard ndi magulu awiri a nkhondo yaikulu. Komanso, 64 ngalawayo ndi sitima, zimene zinaphatikizapo sweepers, zigawo wanga, akuyandama batire zombo zoyendera maboti kulondera ndipo ngalawa, oponya maboti ndi ndegeyo luso, iwo anali kuthandiza nkhondo. sitima uyu anali anagawa m'magulu 4 - ndi detachment a zida zankhondo chithandizo, ndi zoyendera gulu amphibious detachments trawling ndi kuperekezedwa. Anathandiza Soviet amanyansidwa wosanganiza mpweya gulu la 78 ndege 130 mm m'mphepete mwa nyanja batire ili Cape Lopatka. Shumshu Island (pa mapu, pansipa, chikuoneka bwinobwino) changotsala pang'ono kufika pa m. Fosholo.

Asilikali ndi akasinja

Tikumbukenso kuti asilikali akanapanda zipolopolo ndipo anali nawo nkhondo, ndi mphamvu kuchokera kutsogolo kumadzulo popeza anathamangira chifukwa cha ntchito okhwima zachinsinsi. Force sikunali kokwanira, ndipo tsiku loyamba la gulu sitimayo anataya zombo naini, ndi 8 anavulala. Komabe, chipani pasadakhale ongokhala 1.3 zikwi. Munthu ankatha kumtunda ndi kukhala ndi kufalikira kumeneko. Wa mawailesi 22 pa gombe panali mmodzi yekha. Anatenga yapamadzi ake GV Musorin anapita pansi madzi, atagwira katundu wofunika pamwamba panyanja. Ambiri, monga nthawi yonse, asilikali Russian ndi amalinyero anasonyeza zozizwitsa za mtima - awiri a iwo mobwerezabwereza chintchito A. Matrosov. Makamaka, vanguard anali analibe zida ndi akasinja ndi Japanese. Sturm Shumshu anakhala chochitika molimba zochita za ankafika ntchito lonse, kunasintha chotsimikiziridwa cha chigonjetso a asilikali Soviet, anali katswiri pa chimbuzi cha chilumba - Mountain High. Ndipo Russian anapambana.

Zotsatira za ntchito

Pa August 20 zombo Soviet akanapita Kataoka kuvomereza agonje, koma anakumana ndi moto. Monga ife kusuntha ankafika lamulo Japanese nthawi iliyonse anavomera kuti adzipereke, koma anakoka akulimbana imakhala yeniyeni. August 22 Fusako Tsutsumi amene adalamulira asilikali Japanese, anatenga mawu onse kugonja, ndi wandende anagonja 20,000 Japanese usilikali: 12 - pachilumba Shumshu ndi 8 - pa Paramushir. Basi pa kumpoto zilumba mkaidi anagonja anthu 30 sauzande.

Zotsatira Sad ntchito imeneyi kuphedwa anavutika ndi mbali ya Soviet Union. anthu 1567 anasowa, amene anapha - 416, kusowa (mwina anamira) - 123 anavulazidwa - 1028. Japanese chilumba asilikali anataya anthu 1018 anaphedwa anali anthu 300.

chilumba wathu

Kuti dziko lathu pa mapeto a nkhondo anasamukira kwathunthu onse Islands Kurile, ndi kumangidwanso Sakhalin dera anawatenga mu umembala wake. Japan akupitiriza amati South Kuril Islands, kuwayitana iwo kumpoto Magawo.

Zokambirana pa umwini wa zilumba zimenezi, zomwe kotulukira dzuwa dziko lili ndi ufulu kutambasula kutali. Japan ndi zofunika kwambiri, ndipo potero, kumatithandiza perekani chuma chamtengo wapatali, kuphatikizapo kumene anatsegula zitsulo rhenium Kumwera Kuril Islands. Japan ndi Russia pa khalidwe wodzikweza chifuniro woyamba mwina konse kugwirizana.