Ivan Goncharov: Moyo ndi Ntchito

Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov - wotchuka Russian wolemba, unachitika pa St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. Kutchuka aakulu amene amadza mwa mabuku monga "Open", "Wamba Nkhani", "Oblomov" ndi mkombero essays magalimoto "Frigate Pallada". Ndipo, ndithudi, aliyense amadziwa mabuku-yovuta Nkhani Goncharov "zillion kuzunzidwa". Tikuuze za mlembi wamkulu uyu mwatsatanetsatane.

wolembayo ubwana

Ivan Goncharov, amene moyo ndi ntchito zidzakhala kutchulidwa nkhani ino, anabadwa mu Simbirsk mu 1812. Makolo ake a kalasi wamalonda. Childhood unachitikira pang'ono Ivan Goncharov nyumba yaikulu, yomwe ili pakati pa mzinda. Patapita zaka, wolemba limatiuza za mu nkhani yake autobiographical "Kunyumba", "oundana, kosungira, nkhokwe anali Mlomo zodzaza ndi ufa, mapira ndi mitundu yonse ya kamba osiyana banja lathu ndi antchito apakhomo. Sizinali ngati chuma, ndi mudzi wonse. " Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti zimene anaona nyumba iyi, anapezerapo pa mnyamata Goncharov chidwi mu chidziwitso cha mbuye wake, njira yapafupi ya moyo Pre-kusintha Russia, amene moona ndi momveka bwino anasamutsidwa mu mabuku ake.

Pamene Ivan zaka 7, bambo ake anamwalira, ndi maphunziro a Ivan anatenga godfather - Nikolai Tregubov. Monga panyanja adapuma, anali wolemekezeka ndi wabwino maganizo yovuta ndiponso n'ngozindikira. "Hello yapamadzi" - kotero Goncharov, amene yonena ndi lodziwika bwino kwa mafani kutchedwa mphunzitsi wake. Ivan Aleksandrovich anati: "Kuti zikomo Nicholas kwa tinaleledwela, mayi anga anatenga chisamaliro cha ntchito zonse pa moyo ndi nthawi atumiki ake Tregubova anaphatikizidwa athu, ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wa Amayi, ife tinachiritsidwa banja lalikulu.". chisamaliro wanzeru anapita Nicholas. Mabukuwa ndi mbali ya adagona pa mapewa a mayi - amphamvu, odziŵa kwambiri Hostess.

mapangidwe

Poyamba, achinyamata Goncharov, moyo ndi ntchito ndi osiririka ndipo anaphunzitsidwa kunyumba kuyang'aniridwa ndi Tregubova, ndipo kenako penshioni payekha. Mwamsanga pamene mnyamatayo anali ndi zaka 10, anatumizidwa ku Moscow pa kuumirira kwa mayi.

Zaka 8, Ivan anaphunzira kusukulu malonda. M'tsogolo, wolemba pofotokoza zaka izi ngati zovuta ndi uninteresting. Ngakhale kukula wamakhalidwe ndi wauzimu ndi pachimake. The mnyamata kuwerenga kwambiri. mabuku zoweta anakhala wakeyo woona. Goncharov (moyo ndi kuntchito mwachidule anafotokoza m'nkhani ino), anati: "Karamzin anali mphunzitsi wanga woyamba mu chitukuko cha gumaniteta ndi makhalidwe dera lonse. Koma ndakatulo, ndife teammates reveled Ozorovym, Dmitriev, ndipo ngakhale Derzhavin Kheraskov wosindikiza sukulu wolemba ndakatulo. "

The fano loyamba

"Eugene Onegin" ndi Pushkin anakhala Goncharov ndi anzake mu chuma ichi ndakatulo. Iye anati: "O Mulungu wanga! Kodi kuwala, zimene matsenga M'maso adatseguka, ndipo amene vumbulutso ndi ndakatulo ndi moyo Komanso bwino komanso masiku ano, anasefukira kuchokera wopatsa moyo ndi mphamvu! "Ichi pomupembedza kupemphera pamaso pa dzina la wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri Goncharov ndi moyo.

Chikuonetseratu ku University

Makalasi kusukulu akhala mumamva kuti Ivan, ndipo anafunsa mayi ake kuti ndilembe kufufutidwa ake. Pa nthawi imeneyi, mnyamatayo anali khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndipo anayamba kuganiza za tsogolo lake. Ndipo kuyambira anatuluka ngati mwana kumulakalaka kulemba wosayendapo kulikonse, Goncharov, amene ndi ntchito zapiringizana muyaya, anaganiza kulowa dipatimenti wapakamwa a University Moscow. Mu 1831 iye bwinobwino Mwapambana mayeso ndipo analembetsa kumeneko.

zaka zitatu kuphunzira ndi yosaiwalika ku ntchito yake. Wolemba tsogolo ndinali kuganiza kwambiri - nokha, za anthu, za moyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Ivan anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Aksakov, Turgenev, Lermontov, Stankevich, Ogarev, Herzen, Belinsky ndi ena aluso achinyamata amene analowa dzina lake mu mbiri mabuku Russian.

pambuyo yunivesite

Titamaliza yunivesite mu 1834, a Oumba analowa Simbirsk mbadwa, kumene anadikira kwa alongo, amayi ndi Tregubov. Choncho bwino kuyambira ali mwana mzinda Ivan anakantha pamwamba pa zonse ndi chakuti kwa zaka zambiri panalibe kanthu anasintha. Icho chinali chachikulu tulo m'mudzimo.

Ngakhale patsogolo maphunziro wolemba tsogolo adanyamuka lingaliro kuti abwerere kwawo. Iye adayandikira moyo kwambiri zauzimu mitu (St. Petersburg, Moscow). Ndipo ngakhale kusankha kusiya, adatenga, koma simunawasiye.

ntchito yoyamba

Panthawi imeneyi, Goncharov, sewero la moyo ndi ntchito amene ali pa pulogalamu sukulu, analandira kupereka kwa kazembe wa Simbirsk. Iye ankafuna wolemba mtsogolo ntchito mlembi wake mseri. Pambuyo Mofulumira kwambiri ndi mukukayikira Ivan anavomera, koma ntchitoyi inali yotopetsa ndipo wosayamika. Koma iye anamvetsa limagwirira wa ntchito kwa dongosolo malamulo amene anali wofunika kwambiri kwa iye kenako pamene wolemba.

miyezi khumi kenako anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Ivan anayamba kumanga tsogolo lawo ndi manja awo, popanda thandizo kuchokera kunja. Titafika, iye anakakhala pansi yomasulira ku Unduna wa Zachuma. msonkhano wolemetsa ndipo kwambiri analipira.

Kenako anakhala abwenzi ndi banja Maikova kuphunzitsa ana awiri achikulire, mabuku Russian ndi Latin. Nyumba Maikova ndi chidwi chikhalidwe mzinda wa St. Petersburg. Tsiku lililonse tikupita ku ojambula zithunzi, oimba ndi olemba.

Chiyambi cha zilandiridwenso

Pa nthawi Goncharov "zillion kuzunzidwa" zimene zatsalira m'gulu la mabuku otchuka anakhala Eti kutanthauza chikondi Kulambira luso chibadidwe Maikova kunyumba. 40s angatchedwe amayamba ntchito yake. Inali nthawi zofunika mu nkhani za chitukuko cha mabuku Russian ndi anthu onse. Ndiye wolemba anakumana ndi Belinsky. Great wotsutsa unalemeretsa kwambiri mwauzimu Mir Ivana Aleksandrovicha ndipo anasonyeza kuti amasirira analilemba, wokwatibwa ndi Goncharov. "Zillion kuzunzidwa" wolemba anali kuyamikira kwambiri Belinsky.

Mu 1847, "Wamba Nkhani" linasindikizidwa mu "Contemporary". Mu buku lino, mkangano romanticism ndi Kuzindikira zikufotokozedwa mu mawonekedwe a nkhondo zochuluka moyo Russian. Anaupatsa dzina wolemba anafotokoza owerenga kwa ndondomeko lililonse, m'mawu chilengedwe.

ulendo World

Mu 1852 Goncharova anali mwayi kuti mlembi kutumikira wachiwiri-asilikali Putyatin. Choncho wolemba anapita kuzungulira dziko pa frigate "Pallada". Putyatin adauzidwa kuyendera katundu Russian mu America (Alaska) ndi kukhazikitsa malonda ndi ndale kugona ndi Japan. Ivan Aleksandrovich anali kale pokonzekera za kuchuluka kwa zimene zingapindulitse ntchito yake. Goncharov "zillion kuzunzidwa" akadali otchuka kwambiri, kuyambira masiku oyambirira ankakhala ndi zolemba zambiri. zolemba izi zinali maziko a buku lake adzaimira "Frigate" Pallada "." Iye anabwera 1855, pamene wolemba anabwerera ku St. Petersburg, ndipo analandiridwa bwino ndi owerenga.

Koma ngati Ivan Aleksandrovich ntchito m'Chibama kwa akuluakulu mu Utumiki wa Finance, iye anali kovuta. The Boma pang'onopang'ono kwa anthu ofesi ake sanali olandiridwa. Wozunza ganizo ufulu ndi nthumwi ya mphamvu anamuda - ndicho chimene iye anali ambiri Goncharov. Buku "Oblomov" pafupifupi anali wokonzeka, koma Ivan Aleksandrovich sanathe kumaliza chifukwa chosowa nthawi. Chotero anachoka mu Unduna wa Zachuma ndi lolunjika mokwanira ntchito kulemba.

maluwa a zilandiridwenso

"Goncharov buku" Oblomov "" - lolembedwa anali pa chivundikiro mabuku zikwi zingapo lofalitsidwa mu 1859. Tsoka la khalidwe kutsogolera zidavumbulutsidwa osati monga chodabwitsa ndi chikhalidwe, komanso mtundu wa kumvetsa nzeru zaumunthu khalidwe la dziko. Wolemba mwafufuza luso. buku limeneli analowa sewero wa moyo ndi ntchito ya Goncharova ngati ntchito zake kwambiri. Koma Ivan Aleksandrovich sanafune kukhala chabe, ndipo amasangalala mu ulemerero. Choncho ndinayamba ntchito pa buku latsopano - "Open". Ntchito imeneyi inali mwana wake, amene Iye adamuwukitsa monga mmene zaka 20.

Buku lomaliza

matenda a ubongo ndi maganizo - kuvutika kwa iwo mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake Goncharov, amene ndi ntchito anali bwino kwambiri. "Tsegulani" - ndi otsiriza lalikulu ntchito ya wolemba. Pambuyo Ivan Aleksandrovich anamaliza pamwamba pa iye ntchito, iye anayamba moyo ngakhale kovuta. Ndithudi, iye ankafuna kuti alembe buku latsopano, koma kwa iye, ndipo alibe anayamba. Iye nthawizonse analemba silikuyenda bwino ndipo pang'onopang'ono. Anzawo zambiri anadandaula kuti alibe nthawi kwambiri zimene zikuchitika mofulumira loyenda wa khalidwe la moyo. Iye ankafunika nthawi kuzindikira awo. Onse atatu wolemba buku zosonyezedwa chisanadze Kusintha Russia, amene ankadziwa mwangwiro. Zochitika za zaka yotsatira Ivan Aleksandrovich anamvetsa poipa, ndipo analibe mphamvu abwino kapena thupi ku phunziro lawo zakuya. Komabe, iye mwachangu zinagwirizana ndi alembi ena, ndipo sanali kusiya ntchito yolenga.

Iye walemba essays zingapo: "Mu kum'mawa kwa Siberia", "Ulendo pamodzi Volga", "zolembalemba Madzulo" ndi ena ambiri. Ena zinatuluka atamwalira. Komanso Dziwani angapo ntchito zake yovuta. Pano pali zina zachidule wotchuka Goncharov "zillion kuzunzidwa", "Kulibwino mochedwa kuposa konse", "Buku pa Belinsky", etc. Iwo mwamphamvu oyenera mbiri zotsutsa Russian monga zitsanzo tingachipeze powerenga za ganizo zolembalemba ndi zokongoletsa ..

imfa

Pa chiyambi cha September 1891 Goncharov (moyo ndi kuntchito mwachidule anafotokoza mu Nkhaniyi) ozizira. Patapita masiku atatu, pamene yekha, wolemba kwambiri anamwalira. Ivan Alexandrovich anaikidwa pa St. Nicholas manda a Alexander Nevsky Lavra (pambuyo theka m'zaka za phulusa wolemba anatitumiza mu Volkov manda). Mu "Journal of Europe" kamodzi mbiri yamoyo anaonekera: ". Monga Saltykov, Ostrovsky, Aksakov, Herzen, Turgenev, Goncharov, nthawizonse zidzakhala pa udindo ŵa mu mabuku athu"