Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Eugene Onegin", kusanthula mankhwala

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Eugene Onegin" - "chipatso cha m'maganizo ndi mumtima mwa ozizira kuona zindikirani wachisoni" - yotamandika kwambiri Russian tingachipeze powerenga Aleksandrom Sergeevichem Pushkinym sizimawoneka ngati blitzkrieg a. Zojambula analenga ndakatulo zamoyo zinachita, chodetsa zikamera ake mu njira za Kuzindikira. A buku vesi monga chochitika paluso ndi chodabwitsa wapadera. Lisanaperekedwe, mu mabuku dziko linalembedwa mu mtundu wanyimbo chomwecho, mmodzi yekha analogue - chibwenzi ntchito George Gordon Byron a "Don Juan".

wolemba anaganiza kuti alingalire

Pushkin anapitiriza England chachikulu - Kuzindikira. Panthawi imeneyi, wolemba ndakatulo ali ndi cholinga - kusonyeza munthu amene angathe kutumikira monga kuthandiza munthu pofuna kukwaniritsa Russia. Alexander, kugawana mfundo za Decembrists, anazindikira kuti dziko lalikulu kuyenera ngati sitima, ndi wakufa-mapeto njira kuti anatsogolera anthu lonse ndi mavuto zokhudza zonse.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Eugene Onegin" amatanthauza Titanic ndakatulo ntchito mu nthawi kuchokera May 1823 September 1830 kulenga reinterpretation wa zenizeni Russian wa kota loyamba la m'ma XIX. Buku mu ndime zikuchitika m'dziko lonse la magawo anayi a zinthu Alexander Pushkin: limasonyeza kum'mwera (. 1820 - 1824 gg), 'Kukhala sanali autocratic kusiya malo Mikhailovskoye "(1824 - 1826 gg.), The nthawi pambuyo kugwirizana - (1826 1830 gg.) boldins (1830)

AS Pushkin a "Eugene Onegin": mbiri ya chilengedwe

Young Pushkin, maphunziro ndi Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum, mawu a Mfumu Alexander I, «Russia ndi anasefukira ndi ndakatulo choipitsitsa", anayamba kulemba buku lake pamene kukhala mu ukapolo ku Chisinau (chifukwa cha chitetezero cha abwenzi anamperekeza kwa Siberia wakhala kupewedwa). Mwa nthawi imeneyi anali fano la achinyamata Russian ophunzira.

Choncho, ndimayesetsa kuti akonze fano la ngwazi nthawi yake. Ntchito yake, iye momvetsa kufuna yankho ku funso la kodi chotengera cha malingaliro atsopano, mlengi wa Russia latsopano.

The umoyo ndi zachuma zinthu mu dziko

Taganizirani malo ochezera zimene buku lisanalengedwe. Russia anapambana mu 1812 nkhondo. Izi linapereka kwambiri ndi chilakolako anthu kupulumuka ku nsinga ang'onoang'ono. Choyamba anthu onse analakalaka chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom. Kodi kumasulidwa wake amatipeza zinafuna kupereŵera kwa mphamvu za mfumu. Anapanga yomweyo pambuyo pa nkhondo, dera alonda alonda mu 1816 ku St. Petersburg zimapanga Decembrist "Union Chipulumutso." unakonzedwa ndi "Union of moyo" mu 1818 mu Moscow. Decembrists, mabungwe awa mwakhama chinathandiza mapangidwe maganizo owolowa manja anthu, ndipo anadikira nthawi yoyenera kuti zokhumba ndi. Pakati pa Decembrists anali ndi anzako Pushkin a. Iye anagawana nawo maganizo awo.

Russia nyaa ndi anazindikira dziko European ndi anthu anthu pafupifupi 40 miliyoni mwa iwo wakucha mphukira wa boma bizinesi. Komabe, moyo wake zachuma ndi akadali otsimikiziridwa zoyamba za feudalism, lolemera landowning ndi kalasi ogulitsa. Magulu amenewa chikhalidwe, pang'onopang'ono kuonda anthu, komabe anali amphamvu ndi ntchito zimakhudza moyo wa boma, akupereka asapita ang'onoang'ono m'dzikolo. Iwo anali akatswiri a anthu anamanga pa lotha Catherine mfundo wolemekezeka chibadidwe Russia XVIII atumwi.

Panali zinthu khalidwe la chikhalidwe ndi mavuto azachuma a anthu lonse. Dziko ndi nyumba anthu ambiri wophunzira amene kumvetsetsa kuti zofuna chitukuko amafuna kusintha kwakukulu ndi kusintha. Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Eugene Onegin" inayamba ndi kudana munthu azinga ndakatulo, mu mawu a Aleksandra Nikolaevicha Ostrovskogo, "ufumu wa mdima"

Amene anayambira patapita mathamangitsidwe amphamvu anapatsidwa ndi Peter Ine, ndi mphamvu mu ulamuliro wa Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri, Russia pa chiyambi cha m'ma XIX chimasokoneza mayendedwe a chitukuko. Pa nthawi ya kulemba, Pushkin yotchuka buku mu dziko sinali njanji, ngakhale mitsinje ake si tiwolokere zombo, zikwi ndi zikwi za anthu mwakhama ndi luso anamangidwa manja ndi miyendo nsinga za serfdom.

Mbiri ya "Evgeniya Onegina" ndi inextricably zogwirizana ndi mbiri ya Russia m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

Onegin Vesi

Ndi mwapadera Alexander, "Russian Mozart andakatulo" anasangalala ndi ntchito yake. Iye wakhazikitsa mndandanda latsopano la ndime mwachindunji akulemba buku mu ndime.

Choncho, mawu kuyenderera monga mtsinje si free, ndi ndondomeko. mizere iliyonse khumi Iambic Tetrameter chikugwirizana makamaka Onegin ndime. Mu ichi rhyming zonse mu buku, ndi ili: CCddEffEgg (komwe likulu makalata kuimira mathero zachikazi ndi lowercase - wamwamuna).

Mosakayikira, mbiri ya "Eugene Onegin" buku - ndi nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa Onegin Vesi. Ndi mwa kusinthasintha mavesi wolemba anakwanitsa ntchito zake polenga ndi analogue zigawo prose ndi machaputala kudumpha mutu wina ndi mzake, kusintha kalembedwe ulaliki wa malingaliro kutukula zazikulu za chiwembu. Choncho, wolemba amalenga kuona kukambirana momasuka ndi owerenga anu.

Roma - "magulu chaputala motley"

Kodi amayendetsa anthu kulemba ntchito a mbadwo wake ndi dziko lakwawo? Chifukwa pamene iwo apatsidwa ntchito imeneyi mokwanira, ntchito ngati ogwidwa?

zochitika za "Eugene Onegin" buku poyambirira subordinated kuti wolemba: kulenga buku mu ndime lopangidwa 9 Mitu osiyana. ntchito za Alexander Sergeyevich akatswiri icho "lotseguka nthawi" chifukwa chakuti aliyense wa mutu wake - palokha, ndipo mulole, pa mfundo zake mkati kumaliza ntchitoyo, ngakhale ikupitirira m'mutu wotsatira. Yofanana - Russian mabuku pulofesa Nikolay Ivanovich Nadezhdin - ikulongosola chakale anapatsidwa "Evgeniya Onegina" osati ngati chopangidwa ndi okhwima dongosolo lomveka, koma monga ena ndakatulo kope wodzazidwa mwachindunji yowala iridescent utawaleza talente.

Za chaputala cha buku la

Mitu ya "Eugene Onegin" kofalitsidwa 1825 ndi 1832. monga zinalembedwa ndi lofalitsidwa mu anthologies mabuku ndi magazini. Iwo anali akudikira, aliyense wa iwo akukhala chochitika chenicheni pa zachikhalidwe cha Russia.

Komabe, mmodzi wa iwo anadzipereka kwa ulendo wa protagonist kwa kuthetsa nkhondo pafupi Odessa mlatho munali chiweruzo yovuta, wolemba manyazi anasankha kuti mupewe pofuna kupewa chokana okha ndiponso kutaya pamanja ake okha.

Monga kwathunthu anapatsidwa ntchito, tira ake "Doctor Zhivago" Boris Leonidovich Pasternak, analembanso za m'badwo wake Mihail Aleksandrovich Sholohov. Pushkin mwiniyo anatcha zaka zoposa zisanu ntchito pa buku ili mu vesi feat.

protagonist

Kufotokozera Evgeniya Onegina, monga mabuku, ananena munthu wa Peter Yakovlevich Chaadaev - woyambitsa "Letters nthanthi". Izi ndi khalidwe ndi mphamvu amphamvu kwambiri amene ali mozungulira chiwembu cha buku ndi anthu ena awulule okha. Pushkin analemba za iye monga "bwenzi labwino." Eugene aphunzira chakale cha otchuka, kwathunthu wopanda "Chirasha mwe." Ndipo ngakhale yoyaka lakuthwa, koma maganizo ozizira, munthu wa kuwala zotsatirazi malingaliro ena ndi tsankho. Moyo wa Evgeniya Onegina zimasowa. Pa dzanja limodzi, ndi mlendo kwa makhalidwe a dziko, zikuchepa amazitsutsa iwo; ndi pa zina - ndi nkhani kutsogoleredwa nawo. The ngwazi sitinganene kuti m'thupimu, koma ndi wochenjera amatsata.

Iwo mbali chifanizo cha Onegin

chifanizo Chake - zomvetsa chisoni. Choyamba, iye sakanakhoza kupirira mayesero a chikondi. Eugene anamvera chifukwa, koma mtima wake. Koma iye ankaona ulemu, mwaulemu anatchula Tatiana, kupereka kumvetsa kuti sangathe kugwa m'chikondi.

Chachiwiri, iye sakanakhoza mayesero a ubwenzi. Duel mnzake, 18 wazaka mnyamata chikondi Lensky, iye mwachimbulimbuli amatsatira mfundo za kuunika. Akuoneka kuti tifulumizane yabwino zloyazychie akale zachizoloŵezi duelist Zaretsky kuposa kusiya opusa kwathunthu kukangana Vladimir. Mwa njira, Pushkin akatswiri, asayansi amakhulupirira achinyamata Kuchelbecker zinachitika Lena.

Tatiana Larina

Kugwiritsa ntchito dzina la Tatiana ku Eugene Onegin buku anali wodziwa mmene Pushkin. Ndithudi, chiyambi cha m'ma XIX, dzina ili ankaona zotukwana ndi wosayenera. Komanso, mdima tsitsi ndi wofiira, woganiza, unsociable, sichinkagwirizana dziko la zolinga kukongola. Tatiana (ngati wolemba buku la) anakonda nkhani wowerengeka, iye mowolowa manja anauza namwino. Komabe, chilakolako mwapadera ndinali kuwerenga mabuku.

otchulidwa buku la

Kuwonjezera pa pamwamba chiwembucho ndi zilembo zazikulu kwa wowerenga ndi sekondale. Izi buku "Eugene Onegin" mafano musati kupanga chiwembu, koma zonse izo. Tatiana mchemwali Olga ichi, socialite kanthu dona, chimene chinali chikondi Vladimir Lensky. Chifaniziro cha namwino Tatiana, katswiri wa nkhani wowerengeka, ali ndi zoonekeratu zinachitika - namwino a Alexander Sergeyevich, Arina Rodionovna. Wina ngwazi mayina a buku ndi chatsopanochi Tatyanoy Larinoy patapita uku ndi mwamuna wake Evgeniem Oneginym - "lalikulu-ambiri".

Mwamantha landlords ngati kunja ku Roma Pushkina za upamwamba ena Russian. Skotinin ichi ( "Oaf" Fonvizin), ndipo Brawlers ( "loopsya anansi" V. L. Pushkina).

la anthu

Matamando apamwamba kwa Alexander Pushkin anali ziyenera kuperekedwa ndi chaputala choyamba cha "Evgeniya Onegina" mwa munthu, chimene wolemba ndakatulo ankaona mphunzitsi wake - Vasiliem Andreevichem Zhukovskim. Opinion anali laconic kwambiri: "Inu - oyamba Russian Parnassus ..."

Buku buku mu ndime molondola anasonyeza Russian chenicheni cha chiyambi cha XIX atumwi, wakhala njira ya moyo, makhalidwe, ntchito zokhudza kumabungwe osiyanasiyana a anthu: St.-Petersburg mkulu anthu, ndi Moscow otchuka, nzika, nzika ndi anthu wamba. Mwinamwake, komanso chifukwa cha kuphatikiza ndi woonda anasonyeza Pushkin mu ntchito yake, mfundo, miyambo, maganizo modes wa nthawi zolembalemba wotsutsa Vissarion Belinsky anamupatsa makhalidwe womveka wa ntchito mu otchuka kwambiri "ndipo" Russian Encyclopedia of Life. "

Pushkin ankafuna kusintha chiwembu

Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha "Eugene Onegin" - ndi zamoyo wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono, amene watenga zaka 23 ntchito padziko lonse. Ndipo ngati prose mphukira amenewa anali kale (kumbukirani incognito lofalitsidwa buku Aleksandra Radischeva "Ulendo ku St. Petersburg ku Moscow"), ndi Kuzindikira ndakatulo pa nthawi anali luso undoubted.

Dongosolo chomaliza cha ntchito unakhazikitsidwa yekha ndi mlembi mu 1830. Iye anali zosamveka ndi akupera. Kupanga miyambo olimba amaona kuti chilengedwe chake, Alexander anaganiza kuti atumize kapena Evgeniya Onegina kulimbana mu Caucasus, kapena kutembenukira mu Decembrists. Koma Eugene Onegin - ndi ngwazi ya buku mu ndime - analengedwa ndi Pushkin mu kudzoza chimodzi, monga "gulu chaputala motley" ndipo iyi ndi kosangalatsa.

Pomaliza

"Eugene Onegin" ndi chipatso cha loyamba mu mbiri ya Russian zimathandizadi buku mu ndime. Ndi chosaiwalika cha m'ma XIX. buku wakhala anazindikira ndi chitaganya kwambiri otchuka. mafotokozedwe Buku Russian pafupi m'nyumba momwemo ndi luso mkulu.

Komabe, malinga ndi otsutsa, ndi mbali yaikulu buku ichi si Onegin, ndi woyambitsa wa ntchito. khalidwe alibe mawonekedwe lolozeka. Mtundu uwu wa malo akhungu kwa owerenga.

Alexander ntchito mu akupangira lemba pa kugwirizana, kunena kuti "amawononga North", etc. Pushkin mosawoneka zinthu zonse, tiona kuti chifupikitso cha wowerenga kuseka, imachirikiza nkhaniyo. makoti ake akumenya msomali pa mutu.

Tsoka analamula kuti dzina lake Aleksandr Sergeevich Pushkin ndemangayi ndi kusindikiza kwachiwiri zonse za buku lake mu vesi mu 1937 (woyamba anali mu 1833), kale n'kufa pa Mtsinje Black pafupi m'munda Commandant a. Makope 5000 makope anakonza kugulitsa chaka chonse. Komabe, owerenga ndagula kwa sabata. Mu zapamwamba tsogolo la mabuku Russian, limodzi nthawi yake, anapitiriza kufufuza kulenga ya Alexander. Onse anali kuyesera kulenga ngwazi nthawi yake. Ndipo Mikhail Lermontov m'chifanizo Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Pechorina ( "Hero Nthawi"), ndi Ivan Goncharov m'chifanizo Ili Oblomova ...