Kapangidwe ka nthenga mbalame. Mitundu nthenga

Nthenga - sikungokhudza ulemerero wa mbalame. Iwo anapereka wachikondi, luso kuwuluka, kupeza awiri mu nyengo mating, mwana zimaswa ndipo tibiseni kwa adani. Taganizirani mitundu ya nthenga ndi nyumba zawo.

Chifukwa nthenga?

Nthenga - chizindikiro cha chibadidwe yekha kwa kalasi ya mbalame. N'kofunika mbalame ndi lili ntchito ambiri. Timatha nthenga mbalame kuuluka, kupanga streamlined mawonekedwe thupi, ndipo ambiri Chofunika - kuchitira pamwamba pa phiko ndi mchira. Nthenga amateteza thupi nyama zisaonongeke ndi kuvulala. Kugwiritsa madzi amasiya ntchito - nthenga pamwamba pafupi kukhudzana ndi mzake ndi kuteteza wetting. The mmunsi mwa nthenga mizere, pansi nthenga ndi pansi ndi zogwirizana, kupanga pa pamwamba mtundu wa airbag khungu, amateteza nkhuku thupi hypothermia.

The nthenga ali mumtundu ndi mawonekedwe, ndi kakunena osati pa mitundu koma kawirikawiri zimakhala Chalk kugonana mbalame. Maonekedwe n'chofunikira chachikulu intraspecific ndi interspecific kulankhulana.

Kapangidwe ambiri cholembera

Nthenga akutumikira ntchito zambiri, ndi zinthu zonse limodzi zingawonekere amasiyana maonekedwe. Kenako tiona zomwe nthenga za mbalame. Kapangidwe ndi zikuchokera Nthenga kwambiri, kaya kopita. Nthenga wapangidwa mapuloteni keratin. Ku nkhani yofanana monga zikhadabo wathu ndi tsitsi.

Kapangidwe ka nthenga mbalame motere: ndodo, cholembela, barbs, barbules, mbedza. Chifukwa cha aliyense cholembera - ndi pachimake chapakati. Iye akutsirizira dzenje cholembela, amene yakwera mu thumba cholembera ili mu khungu. mutuwu anaonekera mu masiku pamene nthenga tsekwe ankagwiritsa ntchito kulemba. nsonga awo ochinyali, kuti chinzake.

The kumtunda kwa cholembera limene barbs, wotchedwa mbiya. Kwa thunthu pa ngodya ya 45 ° zotanuka formations filamentary Ufumuyo - barbs kuti poyamba. Iwo zili ngakhale zobisika kwambiri ndi ulusi kakang'ono - barbules (wochedwanso barbs a dongosolo wachiwiri).

Pa barbules mbedza imene barbules amakondana kwambiri ndi kupanga wandiweyani ndi zotanuka vane okhoza kulimbana ndi mpweya pa ndege. Ngati ngowe ndi disengaged, mbalame ntchito mlomo likukonza iwo. limagwirira nthawi zambiri poyerekeza ndi zipper. Barbules pansi pa vane alibe ngowe ndipo ndi mbali ina ya nthenga ndi.

Mitundu nthenga

Malinga ndi kapangidwe ndi ntchito zolembera akhoza kugawidwa mu mitundu ingapo:

• mizere;
• chiwongolero;
• primaries;
• pansi;
• kufwanyulira.

Ngakhale kuti nthenga kunja zingakuchititseni kumodzi dongosolo, iwo ndi zovuta analamula nyumba ndi mbali zambiri ting'onoting'ono. Kapangidwe ka cholembera chimadalira pa ntchito anachita.

nthenga mizere

nthenga mizere tikutchedwera chifukwa iwo apanga ndondomeko ya thupi mbalame ndi kupereka mawonekedwe streamlined. Iwo ndiwo mtundu waukulu wa nthenga ndi kubisa thupi lonse. Kapangidwe mizere nthenga za mbalame izi: pachimake molimba, zotanuka ndi barbules interlocked. nthenga izi anayikidwa pa thupi si yunifolomu, ndi imbricate, amene amalola kuphimba pamwamba yaikulu ya thupi. Iwo anakonza pteriliyah, malo enieni a khungu. Kapangidwe mizere nthenga mbalame ndipamene zimakupiza zolimba, zomwe pafupifupi sikuti kudali mpweya.

Utsogoleri ndi ndege nthenga

Mchira nthenga pa mchira wa mbalame. Iwo yaitali ndi amphamvu, amagwira kwa coccyx fupa ndi kuthandiza kusintha malangizo a ndege.

Flight nthenga cholimba, iwo apanga phiko ndege ndipo anafuna kupereka ndege. Ili pa nsonga ya phiko ndi mbalame amapereka zinafunika zochotsa mphamvu ndi cholinga. The mmunsi mwa mbalame phiko chimakwirira mtundu wina nthenga mizere - coverts.

Downy nthenga ndi pansi

nthenga pansi zili pa thupi pamwamba ndi mizere. Kapangidwe ka downy nthenga mbalame ali makhalidwe ake kuti: ndodo ndi zoonda, pa barbules palibe mbedza. nthenga izi zofewa airy. Iwo zili pakati pansi ndi mizere nthenga. Kapangidwe downy mbalame nthenga zimathandiza kupereka kutchinjiriza matenthedwe.

Pooh akukumbutsa cholembera nthenga, koma ndi ndodo zocheperapo. Ndevu komanso ndi mbedza, zofewa ndi mtengo kuchokera cholembera.

zina nthenga

Kungakhale dongosolo chidwi kwambiri nthenga. Mbalame, kapena m'malo mtundu wawo, ambiri, ndipo iwo akhoza kukhala ndi makhalidwe awo. Mwachitsanzo, mu mitundu ina ndi nthenga ulusi-ngati. Iwo woonda kwambiri mapangidwe ndi tsinde yaitali ndi chabe barbs ochepa kumapeto. Asayansi sakudziwa chimene kwenikweni ntchito zawo. Moti nthenga filamentous a mphamvu ndi kuthandiza kukhazikitsa malo a primaries a.

Kapangidwe ka nthenga (mbalame za mitundu ina), zokhudzana ndi mphamvu, ndi nthawi yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, bristles ntchito monga tcheru ndi ntchito zoteteza ndi pakati zofewa ndi barbs ochepa pa maziko a. Iwo ili m'mutu.

Pali zokongoletsa nthenga - kusinthidwa mizere. Ali akalumikidzidwa osiyana ndi mitundu ndi ntchito kukopa zazikazi. Chitsanzo adzakhala mchira wolemera pikoko a.

Kwambiri ya mbalame ndi zopangitsa wapadera yotulutsa chinsinsi chimene nyama topaka nthenga zake. Zimenezi zimawalepheretsa kupeza yonyowa, kuvumbitsira zotanuka kwambiri. Koma pali mbalame amene alibe zopangitsa zotere, ndipo ntchito yake imagwiridwa ndi nthenga ufa. Pankhaniyi kapangidwe ka nkhuku nthenga yosavuta - tichipeza mbiya, zomwe zimafunika kukula ndi silimba mu particles ang'onoang'ono, kupanga mtundu wa ufa, amene kumathandiza feathering ku wetting ndi guluu wolimba kwambiri.

Kukula kwa cholembera

Kapangidwe ka nthenga mbalame n'kovuta kwambiri, ndipo akufotokozera kosavuta. Mofanana ndi tsitsi, nthenga kukula kwa follicle lapansi. Aliyense nthenga latsopano chitukuko oyambirira ndi mu ndodo mtsempha wamagazi ndi mtsempha, amene kuyamwitsa kukula. Thunthu osauka nthenga cholembela mu mdima, umatchedwa magazi. Nditamaliza kukula cholembela amakhala mandala, magazi salinso umayenda.

The akutulukira nthenga keratin kutetezedwa waxy chivundikirocho. Pa siteji ena a chivundikirocho chitukuko atachotsedwa mbalame pa preening. Chimodzi, ziwiri, nthawizina katatu pachaka mbalame zikuuluka kwathunthu amasintha. nthenga Old dana okha, malo awo atengedwa ndi atsopano. Zimenezi zimatchedwa moult. mbalame kwambiri molt pang'onopang'ono, popanda kutaya luso kuwuluka. Komabe, pali mitundu kuti kutaya ndege nthenga zawo zonse ndi siitha kuuluka. Monga abakha, swans.

mtundu

Kapangidwe ka nthenga mbalame zimakhudza mtundu. Mukhoza kugawa zinthu zimene zimakhudza mtundu wa cholembera, m'magulu awiri: thupi ndi mankhwala. Mfundo mankhwala monga kupezeka kwa inki osiyana mu nthenga. Linohromy kupereka woipa osiyanasiyana a chikasu, zobiriwira ndi wofiira melanins - bulauni ndi wakuda.

Mfundo thupi zikuphatikizapo refraction kuwala mu maselo a cholembera ndi mbali ya zochitika. Choncho likukhalira wobiriwira, nsaru ndi zachitsulo luster.