Sociology wa Culture

Sociology chikhalidwe - izo ndi chilango palokha za chikhalidwe anthu, limene kwa tsiku angapo mavuto kwambiri ongolankhula, methodological ndi othandiza.

Choyamba, akatswiri okha awulule njakata buku mfundo zikuluzikulu za chilango - "chikhalidwe". Ndi pafupifupi bwino, ndi malire ake anangotengeka kuti lingaliro ili tinganene kuti pafupifupi aliyense chiwonetsero cha moyo pagulu. Mu mfundo imeneyi ya nkhani, yomwe ikufotokoza za Chaanthu chikhalidwe, zingasiyane malingana ndi kutanthauzira kwa mawu akuti "chikhalidwe" zosiyanasiyana ziphunzitso methodological ndi ongolankhula kuti amasankhidwa kuti aziphunzira makamaka.

mwambo uwu unali umodzi mwa zochita otchuka kwambiri za maphunziro kumadzulo chikhalidwe wa mzaka zana makumi awiri, amene anadziwana ndi Katswiri Max Adler.

Chikhalidwe ndi chikhalidwe ubwenzi anali anamvetsa wonse ndi ziwalo zikuluzikulu. Malinga L. White chikhalidwe ayenera kutengedwa ngati mbali ina ya maubwenzi n'kotheka chikhalidwe, kotero Chaanthu sangakhoze anapambulwa pa chikhalidwe chikhalidwe.

Mu kuphunzira chikhalidwe ku mawonedwe za khalidwe la anthu ndikofunika kudziwa njira, kusonyeza ntchito kapena zigawo wapatali, moti inu kuphatikiza zinthu zikhalidwe dongosolo yosanthula deta zimatiyika masanjidwe, kugwiritsa ntchito njira za sayansi onse.

Oimira kwambiri ya Sociology chikhalidwe, ntchito amene anali kusankha zofunika mavuto methodological ndi ongolankhula m'madera amenewa anali Weber ndi A. Weber, T. Parsons, Lesli Uayt, Robert Merton, A.Mol ndi ena.

Culture - ndi onse ndondomeko ndi chinthu kafukufuku amene amachita ndi Chaanthu ya chikhalidwe. Culture chapadera Mkhalidwe boma la anthu, amene amakhala ndi zina zizindikiro zakuthupi ndi zauzimu chitukuko (kupanga sayansi, luso, maphunziro, masewera, thanzi, zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa nzika malamulo, ndale, etc.)

Pofuna kumvetsa bwino mbali zonse zomwe mukugwirizana ndi kuphunzira mavuto chilango, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti ndi nthambi yeniyeni nzeru, yomwe ili pa mphambano ya m'madera awiri; Chaanthu ndi chikhalidwe. Tidziwanso kuti amaphunzira Chaanthu chikhalidwe Pantchito za kwambiri zikhalidwe, mitundu ya chiwonetsero cha dongosolo lake mu zochita za anthu.

Pali njira zingapo zimene Chaanthu chikhalidwe amafufuza chabe. Mu gulu limodzi ndi ophatikizana chikuyandikira amene amakhala kufotokoza chikhalidwe mu statics ake. Mwa gulu zikuphatikizapo magulu monga chinthu ziphunzitso za makhalidwe (axiologic) lemba ophiphiritsa (semiotic) chiphunzitso.

Gulu lachiwiri tichipeza kuyenda ulendo, amene amanena kuti mphamvu ya chikhalidwe. Iwo akhoza amatanthauziridwa kuti, Masewero kulumikizana, chiphunzitso ntchito zokhudzana sayansi. Gulu lachitatu zikuphatikizapo ziphunzitso amene adakuyitanani zotengera malingaliridwe (tikunena ntchito chikhalidwe TV) ndi zokambirana (ndipo amayankha funso mmene chikhalidwe bungwe lokha).

Onse mfundo izi ndi njira kulili mogwirizana ndi azigwirizana.

Cultural Sociology amafufuza mumaganiza zotsutsana ndi zimene zimakhudza chiyambi cha chikhalidwe ndi chithunzi chonse cha chikhalidwe pa kaonedwe ka chitukuko cha dziko. Pangani chidziwitso ichi zigawo payekha komanso amadalira zinthu wina ndi mnzake: ntchito yolenga ndi njira ( "matekinoloje") a zochita za anthu; chilengedwe, kuteteza, kuloŵerera ndi kufala kwa maganizo, mfundo ndi chikhalidwe; kusanthula zochitika chikhalidwe, etc.

M'nkhani chikhalidwe cha Chaanthu kuphunzira mitundu khola ndi chosatha cha ubale wa anthu mu dera lomwe chikhalidwe, mphamvu ya akutulukira asapita chikhalidwe, amene amapereka limasonyeza mlingo wa chitukuko ubale chikhalidwe ndi patsogolo chikhalidwe kapena mgwirizano.