Pedagogical Anthropology ndi ntchito yake chikhalidwe

Modern pedagogy wopyoza magawo angapo mu chitukuko ndi sayansi. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi pedagogical Anthropology - chiphunzitso chimene chakhala mobwerezabwereza ndi chizunzo pa zifukwa maganizo mu USSR. Chifukwa chachikulu chotero "njira yaminga" anali chimene iye anali kuyembekezera kuganizira njira yophunzitsa osati monga mwa kukhudzana mwadongosolo anthu kuti mabungwe mwamwambo chabe boma ndi anthu, komanso sanali nchito chikhalidwe cha zinthu, chibadwa, malo ochezera malo. Mwanjira imeneyi pedagogical Anthropology ndi chiphunzitso mabuku amene kwambiri chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi khalidwe monga kuwerenga maganizo, Chaanthu, maganizo, mbiri zinthuzo, etc.

Poganizira mavuto a sukulu, kukana kuti ntchito yophunzitsa ya sukulu ayenera kukhala monga lalikulu poyerekezera ndi zinthu zina, kapena ngakhale limodzi (panali ena malingaliro). Malinga akuluakulu a malangizo sayansi ndi udindo wochepekedwa angamulerere kusewera ndi chilengedwe cholinga - anthu, banja, ndi mtima wa anthu, miyambo ndi zikhulupiriro, ndipo ngakhale nyengo.

Kuchokera pa nkhani yolembedwa ichi, maganizo ndi pedagogical Anthropology ananena kuti bwinobwino kukwaniritsa zolinga za maphunziro ayenera kuganizira zomwe a sayansi zosiyanasiyana, kumene, monga ananena Ushinsky, "anaphunzira thupi ndi m'maganizo" chikhalidwe cha munthu. Mu 20 - zaka 30 wa XX atumwi ku Soviet Union anapanga lonse aphunzitsi sayansi kusukulu, Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe, amene anatsindika kufunika njira Integrated kwa determinants wa maphunziro.

Mwa oimira wotchuka kwambiri sukulu imeneyi - Ushinsky, Sevostyanov, Uznadze. Ambiri ntchito mu sayansi ndi kuphunzitsa dera analandira pedagogical Anthropology Ushinsky. N'chifukwa chake Ushinsky kugwira mapangidwe dongosolo Soviet wa maphunziro mphunzitsi, anapereka kulenga osati mabungwe maphunziro mphunzitsi ndi kulingalira, ndi anthropological. Iye anali kukhulupirira kuti njira zimenezi kuti kuonetsetsa kukula kwa malire a masomphenya anthu ndi kuzindikira dziko ndipo, chotero, zimathandiza kuti mapangidwe munthu Soviet za m'tsogolo.

Ushinsky ndi pedagogical Anthropology ananenetsa mfundo zonse chonse angathe kukwaniritsa umunthu, amene si zokwanira kuphunzitsa munthu kuwerenga, kulemba ndi kuwerenga. Chotero maphunziro munthu amaganiza, malinga Akatswiri a zachikhalidwe aphunzitsi, kungachititse chakuti anthu kukula unadapted ndithu kwa zinthu mofulumira kusintha zenizeni chikhalidwe, ndipo adzakhala ndi "ballast" pomanga dziko latsopano, kutanthauza kuti chikominisi ndi. Zochita izi zinatanthauza kuti mphunzitsi aliyense ndi mphunzitsi ayenera kukhala okonzeka mu njira yotero kuti athe kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zenizeni maphunziro. Only mu nkhani iyi, zotsatira zonse pa khalidwe ndi maganizo a mbadwo wa achinyamata a khalidwe chingapezeke.

Soviet pedagogical Anthropology ananena apa kuti azitha kuphunzira patsogolo pedagogical zinachitikira kwa Ulaya ndi maiko ena, koma sitiyenera mwachimbulimbuli kutengera iwo, monga yokha zosiyana ndi lingaliro lalikulu la anthropologism pedagogical.

Zomveka anthropologism mu pedagogy amadziwa kuti ndi zikhalidwe, maganizo, mbiri yakale komanso ndale zochitika zonse za mapangidwe a munthu odana ndi chitukuko pa maziko a makhalidwe psycho-thupi la munthu aliyense payekha. Anafunsa za mitundu zigawo yamakolo ndi psycho m'thupi maphunziro, kuphunzitsa anthropologism izo akumufunsira ntchito monga muyezo ndi mfundo prirodosoobraznosti, ndiko kuphatikiza zogwirizana mu ndondomeko maphunziro kukwaniritsa sayansi mwachibadwa ndiponso a zaumunthu.