Kaswili. mtsempha wamagazi carotid Common

Carotid mtsempha wamagazi - wophatikizidwa zipangizo kupereka magazi kwa ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi mutu ndi khosi, mu malo oyamba - ubongo ndi maso. Koma zimene tikudziwa za iye? Mwina yekha mumaganiza kuti, ndi kukanikiza ndi zala zanu m'dera kumene iwo ukupita (pakhosi, motsogozedwa trachea a), inu nthawi zonse mosavuta kupeza zimachitika.

Kapangidwe ka mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid

Common carotid mtsempha wamagazi (chiwerengero "3" mu zimakwana) ali kunayambira ku malo chifuwa ndi imakhala Mitsempha awiri - lamanja ndi kumanzere. Iwo limatuluka pamodzi ndi trachea ndi kum'mero pamodzi njira yopingasa wa vertebrae wa khosi pafupi kutsogolo kwa thupi.

Ufulu wamba carotid mtsempha wamagazi ali ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 6 mpaka 12, ndi kuyamba kwa thunthu brachiocephalic ndipo itha dera la kugawa m'mphepete kumtunda kwa chithokomiro chichereŵechereŵe.

Anachoka wamba carotid mtsempha wamagazi kwa banja lamanja la masentimita yaitali (kukula kwake angafikire 16 masentimita) chifukwa akuyamba pang'ono m'munsimu - kuchokera Chipilala kung'ambika.

Common carotid mitsempha (lamanzere ndi lamanja gawo) minofu pachifuwa limatuluka ndi khomo lachiberekero vertebrae chivundikiro vertically m'mwamba. Mu malo pakati pa lamanja ndi lamanzere chotengera apatsira kum'mero ndi trachea chubu. Kunja kwa izo, pafupi kutsogolo kwa khosi, ndi awiri omwewo jugular Vienna. Iye magazi yaloza pansi kwa minofu mtima. Ndipo pakati wamba carotid mtsempha wamagazi ndi mtsempha jugular ndi mitsempha vagus. Pamodzi kupanga khomo lachiberekero neurovascular mtolo.

Bifurcation wa carotid mtsempha wamagazi wamba

Pamwamba, m'mphepete mwa mabele chichereŵechereŵe ndi gulu la mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid ku mkati ndi kunja / akunja (m'chifanizo woyamba amalembedwa 1 ndi 2). Mu malo bifurcation, kumene wamba carotid mtsempha wamagazi nthambi mu ziwiri Malowa ndi kutambasuka, ndilo lotchedwa carotid nkusani ndi tulo pheochrome thupi - pafupi ndi sine wa nodule yaing'ono. mabacteria Izi reflex ndikofunika mu thupi la munthu, ndi udindo magazi (kukhazikika kwake), ndi zonse za minofu mtima ndi mpweya magazi.

Kunja carotid mtsempha wamagazi lagawidwa zambiri magulu angapo a zotengera lalikulu ndipo amapereka magazi kwa malovu ndi zopangitsa chithokomiro, minofu nkhope ndi lilime, khosi ndi parotid dera, dera nsagwada kumtunda ndi malo mwakanthawi. Amakhala:

• kunja kwa chithokomiro ya;
• akukwera pharyngeal;
• chilankhulo;
• kutsogolo;
• occipital;
• zapambuyo mtsempha wamagazi auricular.

The mkati carotid mtsempha wamagazi lagawidwa zambiri Mitsempha asanu ndipo chinkhoswe ku munda wa mayendedwe a eyeballs ndi, kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo kwa mutu ubongo, chingwe msana mu pafupi ndi vertebrae khomo lachiberekero. Amakhala ndi zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri:

• Kulumikiza.
• Diso.
• Khomo lachiberekero.
• Miyala.
• Mphero.
• Cavernous.
• Gawo ovutika mabowo.

Muyeso wa magazi mu mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid

Kuyeza kuchuluka koyenera magazi pochitika phunziro, ndilo lotchedwa duplex chindodo ziwiya brachiocephalic (SPL BCA). Brachiocephalic (mainline) ziwiya otchedwa mitsempha yaikulu komanso mitsempha mu thupi - carotid, vertebral, subclavian. Ndi iwo amene ali ndi udindo kusowa magazi kwa zimakhala ubongo mutu ndi malekezero chapamwamba.

Zotsatira zikusonyeza SPL GCA:

• m'lifupi mtima lumen;
• kukhalapo / pakalibe zolengeza mapangidwe, ukuchoka, magazi kuundana pa makoma awo;
• kuwonjezeka / stenosis makoma chotengera;
• chifukwa mapindikidwe ming'alu, aneurysms.

Normal otaya magazi kwa ubongo - 55 ml ya / 100 ga minofu. Ndi motere patsogolo pa carotid ndi amatitsimikizira wabwino krovosnabzheniyaegolovnogo ubongo ndipo palibe kuchepetsa wa lumen wa, zolengeza mapangidwe, deformations a mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid.

Thrombosis a mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid

Pamene mkati / wamba / kunja mitsempha carotid anali occluded (mu chotengera lumen anapanga thrombus), ischemic sitiroko zikachitika, ndi imfa zina mwadzidzidzi. Chinthu chachikulu chomwe thrombosis ndi atherosclerosis, imbaenda kuna mapangidwe zolengeza. zifukwa zina kuoneka mipukutuyi ndi:

• pamaso pa matenda monga fibromyshechnaya dysplasia, matenda moyamoya, Horton, Takayasu ndi;
• zoopsa ubongo choipa ndi hematoma m'dera la mtsempha wamagazi ndi;
• mbali structural ya mitsempha ya: hypoplasia, tortuosity;
• kusuta;
• shuga;
• kunenepa.

Zizindikiro za pamaso pa mipukutuyi

Iwo ankadziwa kuti wamba carotid mtsempha wamagazi, imene kuchepetsa ndi zolengeza mapangidwe akhoza wokha sankafuna. Komabe, pali zizindikiro ndi zomwe dokotala akhoza oterewa pamaso pawo.

• khosi kuwawa;
• kuukira choopsa cha mutu;
• imfa ya chikumbumtima, kukomoka;
• khungu zodziwitsa m'maso limodzi kapena onse;
• kusawona bwino pa masewera olimbitsa thupi;
• ng'ala;
• pamaso pa tinnitus yeniyeni (kuwomba kapena kulira);
• ziwalo za mapazi ndi miyendo;
• msokonezo poyenda;
• akuoneka sluggishness, ulesi;
• kufooka kutafuna kayendedwe;
• kusintha mtundu wa maso diso;
• kupweteka;
• kuyerekezera zinthu m'maganizo, kuona zilubwelubwe, chakhungu chikumbumtima;
• kulankhula matenda, ndi zina zambiri.

The kuwonongeka pang'onopang'ono ubongo, kugwirizana ndi kuphwanya kotunga ake magazi ndi mtima (pa nkhani ya kutsekeka wathunthu chombocho) akhoza kwambiri kusintha moyo pa mphindi iliyonse.

Chithandizo cha carotid mtsempha wamagazi blockage

Pamaso poika mankhwala ikuchitika kafukufuku amene amalola kudziwa mbali ya matenda, kudziwa Malo mtsempha wamagazi wathuyo:

• Ultrasound ndi Doppler.
• Rheoencephalography (REG) - popereka mauthenga pa elasticity ndi mmene zotengera ubongo.
• Electroencephalography (akugwirira) - phunziro la dziko la ntchito ubongo.
• Maginito kumveka kulingalira (Kujambula) - akutipatsa chithunzi thunzi chokwanira boma la thunthu ubongo, mitsempha ya magazi ndi mantha dongosolo.
• Yopangidwa tomography (CT) aone - X-ray nyumba ubongo.

Pambuyo matenda zina, malingana ndi mmene ndi makhalidwe a matenda, mankhwala:

1. Ndiwofatsa. Prophylactic chithandizo cha mankhwala ena (anticoagulants ndi thrombolytics) kwa miyezi kapena zaka, ndi amazilamulira nthawi mlingo wa bwino.
2. Opaleshoni / neurosurgical mankhwala (ndi thrombi angapo, kuopsa thromboembolism):

• Novocaine anatseka misewu.
• Kuika kulambalala gawo occluded wa magazi a mtsempha wamagazi ndi carotid.
• M'malo a chotengera kumezanitsa kuonongeka.