The momvetsa chisoni za "Britannica". Sitimayo "Britannica": photos, miyeso, mbiri

Kuyambira anthu apanga bwato wake woyamba ndipo anali kugonjetsa m'nyanja ndi m'nyanja, panapita zaka zambiri. nthawi yonseyi, anthu limodzi kusweka kwa ngalawa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, kukula kwa zombo chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha anthu amene ngozi.

Zonse zolembedwa za ngozi anathyola za m'ma 20, pamene zingatanthauze, taphunzira kale kumanga odalirika ndi amphamvu zombo, cruisers ndipo ngalawa, osati subordinated kwa panali kuwomba mphepo zombo matabwa boti. Zapamadzi "Britannica" - mmodzi wa anthu amene akhudzidwa ndi Ngozi ya.

Nkhani ya sitima atatu, abale

Imathandizira pa mayendedwe a moyo m'zaka za m'ma 20, adamfunsa kayendedwe nsanga danga kuposa kale. Mofulumira osauka malonda pakati pa maiko ndi misa emigration ku United States kuchokera ku Ulaya ndi madera ena a mdziko panafunika mkulu-mphamvu ndi mkulu-liwiro zombo transatlantic.

Mu 1902, izo anapezerapo "Lusitania" ntchito, imene America 2 kukula kuposa kale lonse komanso liwiro la chombo zinalengedwa. Mlongo zombo "Lusitania" ndi "Mauritania" analamulira zoyendera transatlantic, amene anayika chuma cha wamalonda zombo British adawopsezedwa.

Poyankha kovuta kwa US mu 'Harland ndi Wolff' pa sitima ku Belfast, anaganiza kumanga 3 yonyamula, yopambana mphamvu komanso lodalirika US. Mayiwo wakhala mmodzi wa atsogoleri a "White Star Line" kutumiza kampani.

Choncho mu 1907 anayamba ntchito ya British Admiralty, kotero kuti kuunika anaona zikamera atatu zombo apachibale - "Olympic", "Titanic" ndi "Britannica". Sitima zonyamula monga gulu ziwiya, motero losandulizika, kukhala mofulumira kwambiri kuposa panthaŵi ya Nkhondo nkhondo, chifukwa zida ndi luso lamakono.

Features "Britannica"

Kodi chidwi poyerekezera ndi zombo atatu a wofanana amapasa kampani British, n'chakuti aliyense chombo motsatizana inamangidwa pa zolakwa m'mbuyomu, koma tsoka bwino anali akadali chotengera choyamba - "Olympic". Mosiyana awo "azichimwene", nthawi zoposa 500 anawoloka Atlantic, pamene "Titanic" anali 1 okha ndege, pamene "Britannica" - 5.

Pambuyo pa imfa ya "Titanic" shipbuilders moganizira zolakwa zonse zimene zinachititsa kuti wagwa chotengera ichi, pomanga "Britannica". chombo Zikuoneka zofanana kwambiri ndi "abale" ake, koma anasonyeza kuti wamphamvu kwambiri ndi changwiro. Iye anali okonzeka maboti, ndi makoma pakati bulkheads anali kuletsa madzi osefukira m'chombo ku mwambo wa ngozi. Zimenezi anali ndi mwayi yofunika kwambiri "Britannica". Sitimayo 17 ali watertight partitions, kupanga izo unsinkable 6 otseguka pamene kudzaza zipinda madzi.

Komanso kusinthidwa makhalidwe a bwato sitimayo. Kusintha kwa davits ndi kukhazikitsa iwo okha pa mbali, komanso kutsogolo lolani okwera kuti asachoke pa zapamadzi aliyense banki.

specifications chotengera:

• alumikizana kutalika - 269 mamita;
• m'lifupi - oposa 28 mamita;
• kutalika kwa waterline bwato sitimayo anali 18,4 mamita;
• kwa ntchito ya injini 29 ntchito boilers nthunzi kwa injini awiri zinayi yamphamvu nthunzi, kugwirizana ndi zomangira akunja (16 000 HP ..);
• mphamvu okwana injini 50 000 L. p.;
• chotengera liwiro zinali ndi mfundo 25.

Mu February 1914, unayambitsidwa pa "Britannic". m'chombo, ndi chithunzi chimene chinali mapepala mayiko onse chidwi ndi kukula kwake ndi wopambana.

kukulozani

Tsiku la February 26, 1914 kunali okulira, "Harland ndi Wolff" (Belfast) antchito doko la zombo zapanyanja yomanga. kupsyolela sitima zinachitika popanda kupuma mwachizolowezi ndi shampeni botolo pa bolodi, kuyambira ngati mwambo analibe pabwalo.

Nthawi kukula kwa "Britannica" ndi zida zake analibe ofanana - izo moti ankatha okwera 790 1 kalasi, wachiwiri - 835, lachitatu - 950 adalira mamembala anali ambiri - 950 anthu.

zolinga zonse zokhudzana pa eni zoyendera kampani ndi ulendo transatlantic, chosemphana mu August 1914. Inayamba wa First World nkhondo wakonzera "Britannica" tsoka la kuchipatala akuyandama. Pa bolodi anaiika anthu 437 ogwira ntchito zachipatala, anthu 675 kuchokera oyendetsa sitima 3,300 odwala anavulala.

Perestroika "Britannica" m'chipatala

Kuti kusamutsa mwakwera yonyamula mu gulu chipatala, anatenga pang'ono kusintha maonekedwe ndi mkati mwa "Britannica". chombo "chokongoletsedwa ndi" lamizeremizere wobiriwira ndi asanu mitanda wofiira - zizindikiro zapadera zimene zikusonyeza kuti ndi Hospital mtendere, osati chotengera asilikali.

limasinthira Internal anali zofunika kwambiri. cabins anali n'kukhala owonetsera opaleshoni, Zipatalazo ndi kwambiri anavulazidwa ndi dormitory kwa ndodo. Akukwana pa sitima 2034 ndi 1035 mabedi yosavuta lopinda. sitimayo Promenade anatembenuzidwa ku Dipatimenti ya asilikali anavulala zazing'ono.

Mkulu wa chotengera alikukonzeka anali Charles A. Bartlett.

Choyamba ulendo "Britannica"

Mbiri ya "Britannica" monga Naval Hospital anayamba 23.12.1915 chaka pamene anatuluka Liverpool, wokonzeka kutenga asilikali ovulala, kupita Naples ndi doko Greek wa Moudros pachilumba cha Lemnos.

Pamodzi ndi liners ena awiri refitted - "Aquitaine" ndi "Mauritania" Iye cruised mu za Dardanelles.

Captain "Britannica" polima ulamuliro kwambiri kuti kumvera osati ndodo, komanso odwala:

• 6.00 + adzawuka kukonza kama;
• kadzutsa ku 7:30, kenako kukonza zodyera
• Ulendo Captain pa 11,00;
• masana 12:30 ndi kuyeretsa kwa chipinda chodyera;
• tiyi 16,30;
• Pa chakudya 20,30;
• anyalanyaza kapitawo pa 21:00.

chilango Mokhwima chinawapangitsa kukhala chipatala mu dongosolo. Zimayenera kupita kwa Naples muyenera imafunika kuthiridwa mafuta m'chombo kuti December 28, 1915 ndipo anapanga "Britannic". Sitimayo, yomwe ndi chithunzi mu amati latsopano linali kuzindikira kuti thambo la Mediterranean, kufika khala ndi madzi ndipo anapita Moudros, kumene iye ankayembekezera ovulala.

Kutsegula unatenga masiku 4 ndipo 9.1.1916, chotengeracho ankafika odwala Mufulira. Kupanga 2 more "Malo oti" asilikali ovulala, "Britannic" anabwerera ku zombo malonda chifukwa tizigona mu Mediterranean.

Kubweranso kwa "Britannica" nkhondo

Mu September 1916, ku Mediterranean kamodzinso anapita ntchito asilikali chofunika pamaso pa ngalawa lalikulu katundu anavulala kunkhondo.

German U-maboti mwangofikira mu madzi amenewo, kuwononga mdani anapereka msampha pa kagulu ka migodi akuyandama mu gawo yopapatiza kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Pa njira m'munsi usilikali pa Lemnos anagwirizana zombo zambiri amagwa m'misampha imeneyi.

November 21, 1916 mu khwalala pakati pa zilumba za Kea ndipo Kythnos inaonongeka "Britannica", pamene iye anathamangira ku mmodzi wa anga m'madzi. Kuphulika zinachitika pa maola 8, mphindi 7, m'mawa, pamene gawo la odwala ndi ndodo anali akadali mu chipinda chodyera pa kadzutsa.

Last mphindi "Britannica"

Woyendetsa imawunikidwa nkhaniyi ndipo anaganiza kuti iye angathe kubweretsa chombo gombe pafupi ndi m'mavuto. mchitidwe umenewu wakhala yekha analimbitsa chombo likumira, kuyambira makoma kugawa pakati pa zipinda za adzatseguka.

kusweka kwa ngalawa Mboni anatha kufotokoza mmene kumira "Britannic". mabomba awiri - woyamba kuchokera kumbali ya kudzanja, ndipo patapita mphindi pang'ono ya wachiwiri kuchokera kumanzere, chombo chitendene chosongoka. madzi mwamsanga anayamba kudzaza magwiridwe ndi cabins, amene anatseguka ventilate malo portholes.

achoke inali ikuchitika zombo mwadongosolo, monga zonse kumbukirani, kuti anachita kuwopsyeza okwera a "Titanic." Woyamba maboti opulumutsa anthu pangozi awiri adatchithisira m'madzi kubwerera dongosolo ili la mwamuna kapena mkazi, inali kumeneko kwa anthu kuuka kwa pansi pa madzi, koma ntchito "Britannica" zomangira.

Patatha mphindi 55, mphuno kwa sitimayo kugunda pansi, ndi kwa kumenya chombo mantha ndi linatembenuzika. Chifukwa cha malangizo ndi utsogoleri bwino kapitawo ndi omuthandizira ake kwa omvetsera pa bolodi okwera 1066 anapha anthu 30.

Cousteau ulendo

Imfa ya "Britannica" chabutsa zambiri mbiri ndi atamunamizira. Ena ananena kuti British Government yokha anasefukira chotengera ena mlandu torpedoes ndi zipolopolo kuchokera sitima zapamadzi German pa chipatala unarmed.

Analengedwa transatlantic zapamadzi galimotolo "Britannic" sanapange kusuntha kulikonse ku America, ndi osasunthika mwakwera umodzi. Iye anapita mu mbiri monga sitima yaikulu kutenga nawo mbali mu First World nkhondo.

Kuthana ndi mfundo kuti anamiza sitima, anadza mu "Calypso Nyimbo" Aegean Nyanja ngalawa mu 1975, gulu kutsogozedwa ndi wotchuka Jacques-Iva Kusto. Potengera deta kuperekedwa matchati British Admiralty, timu sanapeze Sitima anayamba kufufuza ntchito makina ounikira. Patapita masiku atatu kufufuza gulu la "Calypso Nyimbo" wapeza malo imfa ya zapamadzi kwathunthu pansi ndondomeko zina.

Cholinga cha Cousteau ulendo anali kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa kuwonongeka ndi kufotokoza mmene anamira "Britannic". Pansi pa ofufuza anapeza alumikizana pafupifupi ngalawa imene inali kuoneka bwino kokha yopuma wina ku pomenya mphuno pansi. maphunziro More kwambiri siinkachitidwa chifukwa cha hardware zochepa za nthawi. Zinali kamodzi pa chimene patsamba loyamba la nyuzipepala onse kumeneko anali atagona pa mbali lake lamanja, "Britannic". Photo pansi komanso wafunsira mphekesera zambiri, anapatsidwa kuti chombo anabwera pafupifupi 7 mtunda kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi kutali kumalo amene amasonyeza khadi.

Kupezeka kwa choonadi

Mu 2003, kukaona za mitundu mitundu anaganiza kuti ayese mawu a boma German kuti "Britannic" mufika wanga. Iwo anapeza munda wanga, ndipo ngakhale mabwinja a projectile, chimene chinasokoneza chotengeracho. Iwo anakhalabe pa unyolo inagona pansi.

Masiku zida pamadzi analola kuti mkati chombo ndipo fufuzani zimene zili nthawi kuphulika kwa bulkheads onse watertight anatseguka, kusonyeza kuti tinalephera munthu.