Khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mitundu yake. Zimayambitsa khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka

Aliyense anthu ali mchikhalidwe chake anthu kapena malamulo imene moyo. Iwo akhoza kunena kuti malamulo osalembedwa kuti kusonyeza makhalidwe a anthu pa nkhani zosiyanasiyana. Kulephera kutsatira malamulo amenewa amaona ngati kupatuka chikhalidwe, lomwe limatchedwanso kupatuka. Mfundo imeneyi angaonedwe ku kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zosiyanasiyana. Choyamba, nthawi zonse khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka waphwanya malamulo ndi ofala anthu malamulo. Koma kupitirira izo, iye ankaona chodabwitsa zosangalatsa zomwe lapeza mawu a mitundu yonse ntchito misa anthu ndi sizili ndi malamulo okhazikika khalidwe mseri.

Kumene kuphunzira khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mitundu yake? Social sayansi - phunziro limene kudziwa ophunzira malongosoledwe a sayansi imeneyi chodabwitsa chikhalidwe.

Cholinga chenicheni

Mwatsoka, palibe ndi anthu, onse umene anthu ake kutsatira malamulo onse. Alipo makhalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mitundu yake m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Kotero, anthu ndi matenda khalidwe monga zigawenga komanso hermits, moyo wodzimana ndipo geniuses, oyera ndi zina zotero D..

Kupatukira makhalidwe mtundu wa khalidwe umene ulibe chilolezo chakuti anthu. Nthawi zonse panali kulimbana kuthetsa mitundu oipa zochita za anthu ndi otungira awo. Pankhaniyi, ife ntchito zosiyanasiyana njira ndi luso zogwirizana ndi alipo mu dziko asapita umoyo ndi zachuma, chikumbumtima chikhalidwe, komanso zofuna za anthu akulamulira.

Khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mitundu ake akhala chidwi ofufuza.

Ntchito anthu

Kupatukira khalidwe ndi mtundu khalidwe chikhalidwe wapawiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, linaopseza imfa ya bata chikhalidwe. Pa zina - imeneyi amakhala wokhazikika. Kodi zimenezi tingazifotokoze bwanji? The ntchito bwino nyumba yonse chikhalidwe zimatheka pamene kuonetsetsa kuti ndi predictability wa khalidwe la anthu onse a anthu. Munthu aliyense ndi kofunika kudziwa mmene zinthu anthu ena ndi wotani khalidwe iwo, akhadabulukadi kuna Mulungu.

Komabe, pali zosokoneza kulikonse. Iwo ndi malamulo awo kulowa nkhondo ndi makhalidwe anavomera. kupatuka amenewa amaona gulu ndi zina zimathandiza kuti chitukuko zina za anthu.

Mitundu ya khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka

Nthawi zina munthu akuphwanya malamulo ndi chikhalidwe cha nthawi. Khalidweli akutchulidwa kupatuka monga chachikulu. Mtundu wachiwiri mfundo - yachiwiri. Pankhaniyi, munthu analandira mtundu wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndipo akuona kuti alandire osati monga anthu ena.

Khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka nthawi zonse akuphwanya malamulo abwino ndipo motero angathe kukhala aliyense payekha ndiponso onse. Mtundu woyamba zambiri kupatuka lidzasinthidwa wachiwiri. Izi zimachitika nthawi zambiri mchikakamizo cha zosokoneza zigawenga magulu a anthu amene predisposed kuchita wakhalidwe losalongosoka, ndiko kuti, ali pa chiopsezo.

Mitundu khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka

wolemekezeka:

- zochita delinkvetnye kuti ndi kutchulidwa lathu odana ndi chikhalidwe, amene mawu ake kwambiri kukhala chilango mu chikhalidwe;

- khalidwe kuwasiya, cholinga ndi kuti achire ku chenicheni ntchito mankhwala kapena fixation kwambiri pa ntchito yeniyeni;

- zochita patoharakterologicheskie amene amayamba ndi kusintha pathological mu chikhalidwe, ndi malo vuto maphunziro;

- khalidwe psychopathological chifukwa mavuto a m'maganizo;

- kuchita zinthu motsatira gipersposobnostyah anthu, akuwonetseredwa mu mphatso kapena mwapang'ono.

Khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mitundu yake ndi gulu yosiyanasiyana. Poyerekezera ndi iwo anthu wakhalidwe losalongosoka khalidwe ndi:

1. chikhalidwe naye. Iwo anafotokoza mu khalidwe la munthu, amene ali ndi kachirombo ndi cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa miyezo chakale. Monga ulamuliro, mtundu wa wakhalidwe losalongosoka kugwirizana ndi zilandiridwenso chikhalidwe ndi kulimbikitsa kusintha Mkhalidwe dongosolo lonse chikhalidwe. Chitsanzo cha zimenezi ndi inde, zomwe wakwaniritsa, othamanga ntchito zozizwitsa ndi luso utsogoleri.

2. Mbali. Khalidweli wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mtundu wa khalidwe sayambitsa nkhawa iliyonse ya anthu ndipo alibe zimathandiza kuti kusintha kwake. Zimenezi wakhalidwe losalongosoka zikuphatikizapo eccentricity, ndi eccentricity, chilakolako kudabwa aliyense ndi khalidwe lake ndi mtundu zovala.

3. Social ovomerezeka. khalidwe kumaphwanya ndi disorganize dongosolo chikhalidwe.

Chimakwirira zinthu za negativity ndi osokonekera. Chotero zochita wakhalidwe losalongosoka chimawononga anthu. Izi zosiyanasiyana kuvutika, zoipa anthu ndi umunthu. Iwo anafotokoza mu mawonekedwe a zosiyanasiyana zokhudza oletsedwa, ndewu ndi zigawenga, komanso uchidakwa, mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kudzipha, etc. Choncho, kwa chikhalidwe ovomerezeka monga mitundu zotsatirazi khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka: .. Pakompyuta, woyerekedwa.

Kufanizitsa a Robert Merton

Lingaliro la khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi ulemu. Mwachitsanzo, zigawenga amakhulupirira kuti kulanda - ndi mtundu yachibadwa la zasungidwa. Komabe, ambiri a anthu makhalidwe otere wakhalidwe losalongosoka. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi mitundu ina ya zochita chikhalidwe. Ena mwa iwo amaonedwa wakhalidwe losalongosoka, ndi ena - palibe.

Mu Chaanthu chi amaonedwa mitundu kwambiri anazindikira, mitundu ya khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka, wachinsinsi ndi Robert Merton. A grouping mfundo iye anali mu mzere ndi maganizo a ndondomeko iyi wawononga zinthu zofunika chikhalidwe, kuphatikizapo miyezo abwino. Kuchokera pa Merton izi kuzindikiridwa amitundu inayi kupatuka, monga:

1. luso. mtundu wa khalidwe kumafuna kugwilizana ndi zolinga wonse wa kampani, koma negation njira anavomerezedwa kuzikwanitsa. Pakuti innovators monga achiwerewere ndi blackmailers, masikolala aakulu ndi anayambitsa mapiramidi ndalama.

2. ritualism. Khalidweli ndi chifukwa kukana zolinga chachikulu anthu ndi absurdity za ndondomeko zomwe adagwirizana. Chitsanzo ndi bureaucrat. wa akuluakulu umafuna mosamala kudzazidwa chikalata chilichonse, yachinsinsi ake mobwerezabwereza, kukafola mwa makope anayi, etc. wa mtundu uwu angamachite mfundo - .. Cholinga.

3. Retretizm. Si zimenezo ena, monga kuthawa ku zenizeni. Mtundu wa kupatuka ndi zimenenso kukana osati zolinga chikhalidwe zofunika, komanso njira zimene anthu wamba akamafika. mtundu wa khalidwe ndi khalidwe la mankhwala osokoneza bongo, mowa, ndi bums T D..

4. Anakana. Khalidweli negates cholinga ndi njira zilipo mmudzi. Woukira amafuna m'malo mwa atsopano. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi - ndi boma.

Kukhala gulu ake Merton anatsindika kuti khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi mitundu yake si mankhwala akuonetsa kuti alibe maganizo olakwika mwamtheradi mfundo ambiri amavomereza. Ndipotu, wakuba sakana cholinga cha anthu, monga chuma bwino. zochita A bureaucrat sizikusemphana ndi malamulo ambiri amavomereza ntchito. Pankhaniyi, pali kukwaniritsidwa weniweni, kufika mpaka absurdity. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo ndi bureaucrat, ndipo mbala ndi deviants.

Zimayambitsa chachikulu cha khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka

Kufotokoza zodabwitsa wakhalidwe losalongosoka zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Kuti timvetse m'pofunika kudziwa mitundu wakhalidwe losalongosoka khalidwe. Ndipo chifukwa Pankhaniyi adzakhala zosavuta kuzindikira. Mwachitsanzo, propensity kwa uchidakwa ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso matenda maganizo si chifukwa zinthu chikhalidwe ndi kwachilengedwenso. Pambuyo zinthuzo zonse zoipa zambiri kuwapereka kwa ana ndi makolo awo.

Mu Chaanthu, pali malangizo angapo, chimene, ndi kufotokoza zifukwa khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi pamaso pa boma lotero la anthu amene makhalidwe akale ndi malamulo abwera zosemphana ndi asapita alipo, ndi latsopano panobe. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa cha khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka ndi zolinga kosagwirizana, zomwe zimayikidwa patsogolo ndi anthu, ndi zinthu zimene zilipo kuzikwanitsa.

kuponderezedwa

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa kupatuka pa, yodziwika ndi wovulala timakhala chikhalidwe. Njira ambiri ndi kusiyana koyamba ubale zachuma. Pambuyo kuti kucheza anatayika, ndipo mu gawo lotsatira - zauzimu.

Mbali khalidwe ndi kuchepetsa n'kupanga mmphepete zofuna chikhalidwe ndi ziyembekezo. Choncho pali wosazindikira zambiri za mafakitale, banja moyo wauzimu.

kudwala chikhalidwe

Ichi ndi gulu lina la zifukwa khalidwe negative. Iye ali pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi zochitika monga mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi uchidakwa, kuchuluka kwa matenda amaganizo ndi kuwonongeka kwa katundu majini a mamembala a anthu.

Napemphapempha ndi umbava ukule

Khalidweli ndi njira iti ya moyo. chifukwa Aika ndi kukana kutenga nawo mbali mu ntchito kuti athandize anthu ndi kufunafuna ndalama unearned.

Dziwani kuti napemphapempha ndi umbava ukule mu zaka posachedwapa ambiri mwiniwakeyo. Komabe, anthu akuyesera kulimbana izi chodabwitsa chikhalidwe oopsa. Chifukwa anthu nthawi zambiri ngati zinthu monga intermediaries mu kugulitsa mankhwala, komanso kuba ndi zolakwa zina.

zizolowezi

Zimachititsa makhalidwe oipa akukhala kuyesetsa kupewa alipo kusapeza mkati, komanso kusintha chikhalidwe ndi maganizo awo boma, amene anasonyeza nkhondo mkati ndi mikangano intrapersonal. Zonsezi ndi zochita osokoneza. Chotero njira kawirikawiri osankhidwa ndi amene ali sizikanatheka mlandu kudziletsa kuzindikira, amene payekha ali kuletsedwa chifukwa olamulira ofala anthu, ndi zokhumba munthu zonse zoletsedwa.

Anthu amenewa sangakhale ntchito ndi kusintha mthupi mwawo alipo chikhalidwe ntchito njira yovomerezeka. Ndicho chifukwa chake iwo amakhulupirira malamulo ambiri amavomereza za anthu osalungama ndi zachibadwa.

Khalidwe makamaka zoipa

Anthu masiku ano, makhalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka, koposa kukhala zomveka ndi yowopsa. Chachikulu kusiyana pakati pa umunthu wa adventurer ndi kudalira Luso si kukhulupirira ngozi kapena tsogolo. Izi ndi kusankha yekha wa munthu, imene adzathe kudzisamalira kuzindikira, kudzikonda watero ndi kudzikonda actualization.

Wakhalidwe losalongosoka khalidwe la achinyamata

Masiku ano anthu ambiri, vuto lenileni la kunyalanyaza mwana, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi upandu. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali kukula kwa chiwerengero cha achinyamata ndi khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka. zopatuka izi khalidwe la ana chifukwa cha ndale, chikhalidwe, za malonda ndi chilengedwe Kusakhazikika, kukula chikoka zoyerekeza-chikhalidwe, kusintha alipo ziphunzitso mtengo wa achinyamata sangathe m'banja ndi dera zoweta, kupanda mphamvu ndi zotsatira za ntchito yosatha ya makolo, mliri wa chilekaniro ndi zolakwa ntchito sukulu.

The mitundu ikuluikulu khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka mwa achinyamata, monga ulamuliro, ndi anasonyeza m'njira monga kuwasiya, autoagressive (kudzipha) ndi geteroagressivnaya.

ndi zifukwa ambiri chifukwa khalidwe zoipa achinyamata chiyani? Iwo zalembedwa motere:

1. Cholakwika m'bungwe maphunziro. Izi kawirikawiri mwana wamoyo m'banja kovuta. Pamaso pake pali mikangano pakati pa makolo, amene safuna dziko mumtima mwake. Nthawi zina vuto si kwambiri zobisika. Ndipo imapezeka pambuyo mwana amayamba kuonekeratu kuti makhalidwe abwino.

2. Tizilombo zinthu. Zina mwa zifukwa zimenezi allocated chibadwa, omwe amachepetsa ntchito njira zodzitetezera kumatenda ndi dziphunzitsiranso malire ntchito munthu. Chinthu ichi amatha kuonekera akusowa maganizo, cholowa cha mbali nthenda mu chikhalidwe, komanso ngati zochitika zoipa uchidakwa. Komanso, achinyamata ndi khalidwe wakhalidwe losalongosoka limasonyeza wamng'ono wa maselo a mu ubongo, amene wakhala zotsatira za matenda akuluakulu, omwe anasamutsa kwa iwo adakali mwana. zinthu monga mtundu ndi mbali kwachilengedwenso akamakula. Pamsinkhu uwu munthu abwera kwafalikira wa chamoyo kumayamba ndipo akubwera ku mapeto a msinkhu, komanso kutukula ntchito ziwalo zambiri ndi kachitidwe, kuphatikizapo chapakati mantha dongosolo.

3. Mental zinthu. Mu unyamata ikutha ndi mapangidwe khalidwe la munthu. Kuyan'anila za ndondomeko zina zimabweretsa kukwiya characterological kuti kupitirira malamulo analandira anthu. Ena mwa iwo ndi awa: Zionetsero yogwira (kusamvera ndi roughness); chabe Zionetsero (kuchoka pakhomo); yogwira kupeŵa kukhudzana anthu; onyenga kapena potsanzira khalidwe la anthu ena; kuchuluka chilakolako chofuna kudzilemeretsa amanena pa maziko a kukana zinachitikira mkulu; overcompensation (wakulungama zochita) monga anachita kumbuyo, masking zofooka za umunthu.

Choncho, takambirana wakhalidwe losalongosoka khalidwe ndi zifukwa zimene zimachititsa izi.