Khungu chowunikira: kapangidwe, ntchito ndi phindu. khungu thunthu

Ndi lingaliro monga "chowunikira khungu", osati anthu onse amakumana nawo. Ambiri amakonda iyo wamfupi, ambiri akuti. Ndiko kuti, khungu. Koma ndithu, onse lingaliro ananena kuti chiwalo zovuta, ndilo chophimba athu akunja. Mmodzi mwa anthu ochepa m'thupi lathu, amene mosavuta kukhudzidwa nthawi iliyonse. Wamkulu khungu anthu m'dera pafupifupi 1.5 - 2.3 mamita lalikulu. misa A pamodzi ndi khungu (kunja wosanjikiza ili chozama pamwamba) ndi 16-17% ndi kulemera. Komabe, onse ayenera akuuzeni zochuluka.

khungu

Choyamba, kuyankhula za chowunikira khungu, m'pofunika bwanji khungu tcheru. Iye wosanjikiza wathu yakumapeto kwenikweni, polumikizirana. Koma ngati kulankhula mu chilankhulo chomveka. Ndipotu khungu - multilayered epithelium anachokera. The khungu lakuda, amene si yokutidwa ndi tsitsi, kumaphatikizapo zigawo zambiri monga 5. Aliyense ali pamwamba dermis lapansi. Ndipo onse a iwo achite chotchinga ntchito.

An chenjezo zofunika: a khungu ndi achilendo zonse kasinthidwe. Ndipo izi chikugwirizana ndi mfundo za kusamuka ndi kusintha kwa otchedwa keratinocytes. Izi - maselo a minofu zaminyewa. filaments awo naperekanso mapuloteni keratin. Komanso, m'pofunikanso kudziŵa kuti khungu lili zigawo zina za chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Kapangidwe ka khungu

Matenda a khungu ndi zovuta. Only ndi khungu (chimodzi mwa zigawo zake) zikuphatikizapo zigawo zisanu. Choyamba - woyambira. Kapena, monga iwo ukutchedwa, kumera. Chofunika kwambiri kudziwa za wosanjikiza woyambira - n'chakuti lili otchedwa melanosomes. Izi granules melanin, amene atiteteze kwa amadza kwa UV kunyezimira.

Wosanjikiza chachiwiri amatchedwa spiny. Kumaphatikizaponso misa selo, koma zofunika kwambiri "njerwa" tinganene kuti zida tonofibrillyarny. Ndi maselo pakati chitetezo zisaonongeke makina.

Pali granular wosanjikiza. 1-2 wapangidwa ndi mndandanda wa maselo elongated. Iwo apanga mu wosanjikiza ndi filaggrin izi keratolinin (structural mapuloteni). Ndipo amalimbikitsa keratinization wa epithelium lapansi. Izi, poyamba, Ndi njira yovuta kwambiri, umene tentha mthupi khungu mawu afika elasticity wake wa chibadidwe ndi mphamvu.

Wosanjikiza wachinayi umadziwika tsiklovidny (kapena chonyezimira). Maselo ake palibe organelles kapena mtima. Ndipo izo zikuwoneka ngati wanzeru pinkish lamizeremizere. Izi wosanjikiza zabwinozi zinakula pa zidendene ndi manja.

Ndi wotsiriza - tentha mthupi. khungu, ndi zoteteza. Kukhala maselo izo ayi. Kodi izo si zodabwitsa chifukwa aumbike mwa keratinocytes akufa. Kapena, ngati iwo amatchedwa, tentha mthupi mamba. Mmene amene wosanjikiza izi wandiweyani, malingana ndi katundu ankachititsa pa khungu.

dermis

Izi - chinthu chotsatira kuti tisaiwale tcheru, akulankhula za chowunikira khungu. Chifukwa dermis ndi khungu lenileni. Ndi kuziyika izo mu chinenero sayansi - gawo connective za izo.

The dermis lagona pansipa khungu. Koma osati mwachindunji, iwo anasiyanitsidwa ndi Kakhungu woyambira. Ndi zinthu zochuluka capillaries ndi ulusi, kotero dermal anapatsidwa kuchirikiza ndi ntchito trophic. Iye, monga khungu tichipeza zigawo zingapo. Komabe, chifukwa cha nambala yocheperako - pali atatu okha.

The zigawo zikuluzikulu za dermis ndi

Matenda a khungu ndi yovuta kwambiri, koma inu mukhoza kumvetsa izo. zigawo zitatu zokha, ndipo woyamba kuti kuliganizira - papillary. N'chifukwa chiyani iwo amachitcha icho? Chifukwa wosanjikiza loyamba muli "papillae" kuti umalowa mu khungu. Pamafunikanso ambiri "zikuluzikulu". Izi basophils minofu, macrophages ndi maselo ena ambiri amene amathandiza kuti kukhazikitsa ntchito poteteza chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Wosanjikiza chachiwiri amatchedwa mauna. Ndipamene wandiweyani fibrous connective minofu. Kwenikweni, izi - mbali yaikulu ya dermis lapansi. Ilo liri mu mauna wosanjikiza muli zambiri kolajeni ulusi zimathandiza kuti litsatira thandizo ntchito.

Wosanjikiza otsiriza amatchedwa khungu. Iye akutchedwa subcutaneous mafuta minofu. Inkakhala mwachindunji pansi dermis lapansi. Ndipo, monga akhoza kumva ku dzina, popangidwa ndi mafuta minofu. Ndi chifukwa izo pansi pa khungu chimamangirira madzi ndi zakudya. Komanso, hypodermis amathandiza thermoregulation.

Ntchito: kutetezedwa ndi kuyeretsedwa

Choncho, kodi ndi khungu chowunikira bwino. Tsopano n'zotheka kusamutsa kuchita ntchito zake.

The choyamba - ndi zoteteza. Monga tanenera kale, khungu ku zochita mwachindunji za chilengedwe amateteza misempha, zimakhala, ndi zotengera. Khungu lili zopangitsa sebaceous. Kuti awo a 300 000. Ndipo mwezi iwo kumasula avareji magalamu 500-800 mafuta. Izo lubricates pamwamba pa khungu, kuteteza Zimachititsa ku zithandizo zosiyanasiyana.

Ntchito yachiwiri - kuyeretsa. Khungu amakonda secrete thukuta. Choncho amamasula thupi la chamoyo kuti zikuwononga zinthu anayambitsa mkati ndi mankhwala kapena zakudya. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti khungu ndi za miliyoni 2 zopangitsa thukuta.

Lamulo, kudya ndi kupuma

Iwo - komanso khungu chowunikira ntchito zimene kale a pakati.

Choncho lamulo. Khungu magazi kuchokera pamene kutentha kunja ndi pansipa umene uli achilendo kwa thupi. Izo zimakhala zosemphana pa nkhani zosiyana. Ngati yozungulira kutentha ndi mkulu, minofu cutaneous ali omasuka, kotero kuti ziwiya dilate ndi dzuwa ndi kutentha chinawonjezeka ndi thupi. otaya magazi komanso zolimira. Chifukwa - kwambiri thukuta.

Kuchita mphamvu ntchito kuyambitsa mbali ya chowunikira khungu. Ndi kupyolera chivundikiro wathu kudutsa mu thupi, nyama ndi masamba mafuta. Solutions ndi creams ali odzipereka chifukwa dongosolo anthuwo. Nzosadabwitsa wothandizila izi zodzikongoletsera zambiri amatchedwa "zakudya".

Ntchito kupuma, mfundo, amakhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana. Chifukwa kapangidwe porous a wosanjikiza chapamwamba kudzera pakhungu ndi allocated 2% mpweya. Ndithudi si aliyense akudziwa kuti maola 24 Matebulo athu ulendo wa 800 magalamu ya nthunzi ya madzi!

kugwirizana ubongo

Pamwamba zinali zambiri anati chimene chili khungu anthu. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito zake ndi chidwi makamaka. Ndipo sangathe koma bwanji chidwi nkhani ya mitsempha yomwe wathu "chipolopolo" mowirikiza zida.

Kuika mu chinenero Kufikika, khungu - ichi ndi munda waukulu, ndipo lili ndi maselo. Iwo zonse, aliyense chachiwiri, ndazindikira zikuchitika zachilengedwe osiyana akubwera kuchokera malo mkati ndi kunja.

Mitsempha ulusi ndi kutsekedwa (onse encapsulated ndi ufulu) - uyu ndi zimene More zikuphatikizapo khungu anthu. Kapangidwe ndi ntchito zawo zenizeni. mantha dongosolo ili mu khungu ndi dermis. The hypodermis pafupifupi kumeneko. Mu yekha kudutsa makungwa mitsempha kupanga plexus kumeneko, kumene ulusi kuwonjezera ku dermis lapansi. Kuchokera kumeneko - kwa follicles tsitsi, minofu, mitsempha ya magazi ndi zopangitsa thukuta.

The molekezera mitsempha ndi mayina awo. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa flasks Krause khungu zozizira. A Meissner corpuscles amathandiza kuti maganizo ndikukhudzana. Chifukwa Ruffini corpuscles timamva ofunda. List kungakhale yaitali. Koma chinthu chidwi kwambiri n'chakuti pa centimeter limodzi lalikulu la khungu chimachititsa 200 ululu, kutentha 2, 12 ndi 20 zolandilira ozizira chogwirika.

magazi

Mwachibadwa, dongosolo la chowunikira khungu mbali yake yeniyeni, chifukwa chimene magazi.

Choncho, hypodermis, kuwonjezera ulusi mitsempha ndi mapeto simuli zotengera lalikulu. Pali ngakhale mtsempha wamagazi ndi. Iwo ndi ochokera ku otchedwa wolumikizira network ili pamwamba chabe fascia lapansi. Ine kulankhula za iwo pachiyambi.

Kuyambira pamenepo, wolumikizira maukonde chimafikira zina - mu mozama za reticular wosanjikiza. Ndipo kuchokera pamenepo - molunjika papillary lapansi.

Nkofunika kudziwa kuti zigawo khungu ndi capillaries osati ndi venules, ndi arterioles, ndi zambiri. Amene amagwira ntchito mu lamulo la zokhudza zonse mtima kukana (okwana zotumphukira mtima kukana). Arteriolar kamvekedwe n'kofunika kwambiri. Pambuyo zimatengera kukana zotumphukira, amene amasankha magazi kwa izo. Apa ndi khalidwe la chowunikira khungu. Komabe, n'zosadabwitsa. Ndipotu, tikulankhula limodzi, chamoyo lonse, limene chilichonse chiri cholukanalukana.

tilinazo

Mutu umenewu ndi Dziwani chidwi. Pali chinthu monga khungu minofu tilinazo. magwero ake momveka bwino. Ndipotu, nthawi zambiri minofu bwanji olimbikitsa kale khungu. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kutikita chomwecho.

Koma khungu wapadera tilinazo. Iwo wapangidwa ndi analyzers osiyana. Mphamvu ya kukhudza, mwachitsanzo - Ndikumva zovuta zomwe ukapezeka chifukwa cha kudzimva nkhani. zomverera chogwirika mbali yofunika pano. Analyzers pozindikira kuthamanga ndi kukhudza, tipatseni ife zambiri za chinthu osalimba, mawonekedwe ake, kutentha, chikhalidwe, kukula, ndi zambiri. Makamaka maselo ambiri ankaganiza wopeza. Zili kwa iwo akuyamba "njira" chizindikiro mudziwe opatsirana ku ubongo.

kusinthika

Ndi magulu awiri. The woyamba amatchedwa thupi. Ndi kwabwino, zachilengedwe ndondomeko zimene zimaphatikizapo selo watsopano. yatsoka umadalira pa chakudya, thanzi ndi chitetezo chokwanira anthu. Zimenezi, bwanji maonekedwe ndi khungu achinyamata.

A kusinthika reparative zikutanthauza chivundikiro kubwezeretsa pambuyo kuwononga makina. Pambuyo pa opaleshoni, mwachitsanzo. ndondomeko ndi chidwi kwambiri. gawo loyamba la kutupa kumachitika - zimaleka magazi, kutupa zikachitika, kukanikiza misempha ndi kuchititsa ululu. Ndiye, kuchuluka akuyamba. bala ladzala ndi capillaries ndi minofu connective - potero kolajeni. Gawo lotsiriza kumatanthauza mapangidwe kwa chilonda. Iwo anamaliza kulemba ndondomeko ya kudzaza malo kugonjetsedwa zaminyewa minofu.

Ena zipsera akhoza kupangidwa pachaka. Ndipo tiyeni khungu yodziwika ndi kusinthika, popanda kufufuza ndi kuwononga Sizilowana. Chifukwa iye ayenera kulandira chithandizo ndi chisamaliro.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Iwo ayenera kumaliza nkhani kuti ndi khungu minofu osiyanasiyana (dongosolo la chowunikira ndi ntchito yake, ifenso kuwunikira). Ndithudi, mfundo zosangalatsa, ndi kuti aliyense wa iwo ali chidwi:

• N'zovuta kulingalira padziko lonse khungu lathu ndi pafupifupi mamiliyoni asanu tsitsi!
• Pakhungu wamkulu anthu ndi 60% tichipeza chinyezi. Ana - mpaka 90% (koma ichi ndi pazipita).
• Per lalikulu centimeter wa khungu imagwera pa 100 ndiye.
• Pachikuto pafupifupi ukufika millimeters 1-2 mu makulidwe.
• Ndi khungu akhakula pa zidendene lapansi. Kwambiri wochepa thupi ndi mandala - pa zikope za.
• Pa moyo wake, pafupifupi 18 makilogalamu a khungu zovuta m'malo ndi wina watsopano.

Chabwino, inu mukhoza kudziwa zambiri zinthu zambiri zosangalatsa za chivundikirocho wathu, matabwa ake ndi zinthu zenizeni. Koma thunthu zofunika kwambiri za zakudya zimene tanena, ndipo ndi wofunika kukumbukira aliyense, chifukwa nkhaniyi chikukhudza ife tonse mwachindunji.