Kodi chidziwitso ndi chiyani?

Palibe munthu mmodzi padziko lapansi amene samakumana ndi chinthu ngati "chiwonetsero" m'moyo wake. Ndipo chidziwitso ndi chiyani? Kodi ndi chiyani? Ndi mauthenga otani omwe alipo? Kotero, chidziwitso ndi chiyani? Tiyeni tione zosiyana za matanthauzo.

Chilengezo ndi mawu amodzi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmadera angapo. Chuma chimagwiritsa ntchito malingaliro a msonkho, katundu ndi miyambo, ndi malamulo - chidziwitso cha ufulu, kulengeza ufulu wa anthu ndi zina zotero.

Chilengezochi ndi chilengezo pazinthu zodziwika bwino, apa chitsanzo ndi kulengeza ufulu wa anthu. Chilengezochi chikuphatikizapo mndandanda wa katundu umene umayenderana ndi msonkho.

The Declaration (yotengedwa kuchokera ku liwu la Chilatini "chidziwitso" - "mawu") ndi chikalata, chivomerezo cha boma, munthu wapadera kapena boma. Malembawa amagawanika kukhala azachuma ndi alamulo. Kulengeza zachuma ndi ndondomeko ya ndalama, katundu wotengedwa kudutsa malire, ndi katundu. Zitsanzo ndizo zotsatirazi: katundu, msonkho, miyambo. Wotchulidwa ndi munthu yemwe amatsitsa chikalata ichi.

Kodi kulengeza kwalamulo ndi chiyani? Chivomerezo chalamulo chimaonedwa ngati chilemba chilichonse cha boma chomwe chiri ndi mfundo zoyambirira za ndondomeko ya kunja, kapena ya mkati mwa bungwe, boma, ufulu waumunthu ndi kumasuka. Chitsanzo ndi Declaration of Independence, Universal Declaration of Human Rights ndi ena.

Kuwerengetsa msonkho kapena ntchito, chidziwitso chachuma chimaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu oyenerera. Chidziwitso cha chikhalidwe chimagwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa katundu wogwidwa kudutsa malire ndipo amatsatira msonkho wa mayendedwe pamsika. Mapulogalamu awa akutsatiridwa ngati mawonekedwe a mafunso ndi kulembedwa m'zinenero zomwe zatchulidwa mu ndimeyi pa miyambo. Chilankhulo chachikulu ndi Chingerezi. Atapereka chilolezocho, wolembayo ayenera kupereka zinthu zonse zomwe adazilemba ndikupereka malipiro pamsika.

Chilengezo cha msonkho ndi mawu kwa nthawi inayake yokhudza ndalama zomwe analandira. Ntchitoyi imaperekedwa ku msonkho. Malingana ndi chilengezocho, amalipira msonkho, omwe amalipidwa ndi wobweza msonkho. Ngakhale kulibe ndalama mu bungwe, bungwe likuyenera kupereka msonkho kubwerera.

Chidziwitso chogwirizana ndizolemba zomwe opanga amavomereza kuti zogulitsa zawo zikugwirizana ndi zofunikira zonse za zikalata zoyenera. Samalani kusokoneza chidziwitso chogwirizana ndi chilembo chogwirizana.

Kodi chidziwitso cha katundu ndi chiyani? Ichi ndi kubwerera kwa msonkho kwa malo aliwonse okhoma msonkho. Ntchitoyi iyeneranso kuperekedwa kwa msonkho.

Ndondomeko ya kulandira chivomerezo chalamulo ikuchitika ndi universal suffrage, kenaka inasaina ndi maphwando.

Chivomerezo cha padziko lonse ndi Universal Declaration of Human Rights, chomwe chinagwiridwa ndi voti ya mayiko makumi anai ndi asanu ndi atatu. Chidziwitso cha Independence ndi gawo lalikulu la lamuloli, likuvomerezedwa mu dziko lililonse. Mawu awa apangidwa ndi bungwe lalikulu la boma.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe chiganizo chiri ndi mitundu yanji ya maumboni alipo. Kuonjezerapo, chikalata chodziwika kwambiri padziko lonse ndicho chidziwitso cha chitukuko ndi chilengedwe ku Rio de Janeiro. Tsambali lili ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito zachilengedwe komanso kuteteza zachilengedwe. Mungathenso kutchula chidziwitso cha UN pazochitika zonse zokhudza kugonana. Ichi ndi chidziwitso cha ufulu wapadera waumunthu, ndi zomwe aliyense wokhala padziko lapansi ayenera kudziwa.