Kodi chitukuko ndale komanso mmene zimagawidwa

chitukuko Political - ndi kuonjezera mphamvu ya dongosolo la ndale kuti azolowere zolinga zatsopano chikhalidwe za kulengedwa kwa mabungwe atsopano, yomwe aluso kulankhulana uchi boma ndi anthu.

nkhani kale chitukuko andale ankachita ndi oimira ambiri sociological malangizo, ndipo ankatchedwa "Chaanthu chitukuko". Pankhani maziko methodological, anthu adagoneka F.Tennis, Max Weber ndi Talcott Parsons. Malinga ndi malangizo amenewa, kusiyana chikhalidwe ndi amakono mitundu ya magulu. Mu dongosolo la mtundu woyamba amasewera lalikulu udindo miyambo ndi chizolowezi, chifukwa amakhala ndi mtendere. Masiku ano anthu ambiri, waukulu structural mchitidwe ndi munthu, osati gulu: adzasankhe malo ake a ntchito ndi kukhala, ndi kuchuluka kwa zinthu ndi kunja banja.

chitukuko Political n'zogwirizana ndi kusanthula ndale ya mbali yake padziko lonse. Mfundo imeneyi anaonekera mu ntchito sayansi zaka mazana makumi awiri, mu theka lachiwiri, ndipo anafuna kusonyeza mphamvu ya moyo ndale ndi kusintha kwake kwakukulu.

Pali muyezo wina wa mfundo imeneyi, yomwe allocated Pai (USA). Iwo ali motere:

1. Kandalama zosiyanasiyana.
2. Kuwonjezeka luso dongosolo la kusonkhanitsa ndi kupulumuka.
3. chitukuko Political, umalimbana kukhazikitsa ufulu wofanana anthu kutengapo mbali ntchito za boma.

Mfundo za mfundo amasiyana makhalidwe a chitukuko mawu ndi zachuma. Makamaka, m'dera la chitukuko mfundo ndi sizingasinthe ndipo ali muyezo yake. Ndi mmene ndondomeko ili singakhale yemweyo mu machitidwe osiyana.

Onani kuti chitukuko ndale si nthawi zonse zinasintha synchronously. Nthawi zina chizolowezi kufanana kumabweretsa kuchepa mu dzuwa la dongosolo loyamba. Nthawi zambiri, kuonetsetsa msinkhu chokwanira cha vuto la zachuma kumabweretsa kupereŵera wa mavoti ndale ndi mawu a magulu zinthu.

chitukuko Political ndi wamakono - izi ndi mfundo ziwiri zogwirizana. Choncho, pansi wamakono kudziwa ya njira imene kukhala zofuna yandale yatsopano ngati mwayi kukhala kusintha zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chitukuko cha makhalidwe ofanana amene chibadidwe mu kachitidwe kamakono, ndipo zinthu zofunika kwa wamakono.

wamakono Political amakhala ndi zinthu zingapo zamoyo zinachita:

1. Chiyambi cha chiphunzitso cha kumene kunachitika mu 50-60-ntchentche za zana la 20. mizere yake yaikulu pa nthawi iyi anali motere: ndi democratization wa dongosolo la ndale potengera chitsanzo Western, yogwira ntchito mothandizana pakati pa mayiko olemera ndi osauka.
2. Theka lachiwiri la zaka zao za sikisite, amene amakhala ndi tanthauzo la zolakwa zazikulu za kafukufuku koyamba mmunda wa wamakono ndale. Ankafuna kukonza zolakwika izi zinachititsa kuti pakhale kumvetsa qualitatively osiyana a ndondomeko imeneyi.
3. Mapeto a 70s zaka mazana makumi awiri, lingaliro wakhala chitsanzo ambiri a chitukuko cha chitukuko, chifukwa cha zomwe kugona za kusintha kwa anthu chikhalidwe mbali ano. Panthawi imeneyi, malinga wamakono anayamba amondi, Verba ndi Pye.

chitukuko Political amasiyana ndi wamakono ndale kuti:

1. Lingaliro lachiwiri ndi ntchito States kuti ali mu siteji ya kusintha kwa anthu mafakitale ndi maphokoso mafakitale.
2. Wamakono mwachindunji ndi malingaliro yolimbikitsa chikhalidwe ndi nawo ndale, osati ndi mapangidwe andale.