Kodi kanyumba? kutanthauza

Kuyambira kalekale za moyo wa munthu, pamene wosazindikira munthu anamanga oyamba m'moyo wake kubisalira nyengo, ndiyeno anabwera kuphimba dzenje, kumene anagona, nthambi namanga kanyumba oteteza ku mvula ndi chipale chofewa, anthu nthawi zonse kugonjetsa mwa chikhumbo chitonthozo.

Maonekedwe a nyumba yoyamba

Anthu aphunzira kudziteteza ku nyengo yoipa mwa njira iliyonse, ndipo pakumva ichi, iwo sanaleke yekha pa chitetezo, pang'onopang'ono ozungulira yekha ndi zogwiritsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Pa zaka ayezi, iwo anali kufunafuna phanga otentha, theka-anakakhala Paleolithic alenje kumanga nyumba yolimba pa mitengo, kuphunzira mbalame, monga zisa za mbalame. The zosiyanasiyana nyumba ndi zodabwitsa.

Zosiyanasiyana m'misasa zosakhalitsa

Apa ndi ena mwa iwo. Yurt - nyumba kuwala Mongolia omwe amadutsa zoweta ku busa lina kupita ku lina. Round zooneka, mamita 6 awiri, ndi yurt chidagawika 12, omwe anatumizidwa ku East m'nyenyezi chizindikiro. Aliyense chihema kunali sundial, mothandizidwa ndi wongosamukasamuka izi ndaphunzira nthawi mu dzuwa ray kubwera kudzera dzenje padenga.

Ndipo Greenland ndi Alaska, ndipo masiku ano akadali kusangalala chisanu nyumba - singano. nyumba ndi losavuta yomanga, chitetezo chabwino kuchokera kozizira ozizira. n'kudula mbale yaikulu ndi ataunjikidwa pa wina ndi mnzake mu mzikiti mawonekedwe a nkhungu wosanjikiza chisanu. Mu chisanu limakokera miyendo yaitali yopapatiza mumphangayo - polowera m'nyumba ya. Mkati nyale-anayatsa zhirnik ndi pamene moisten khoma kutentha, kuthamanga panja, makoma kotero obledeniv ndi kuwapanga iwo wamphamvu. Mkati, anthu akugona pa kama wa chisanu ndi zigawo zingapo zikopa, kuphika komanso kudyera ntchito kuunikira ndi Kutentha-zhirniki nyale.

Special mafoni nyumba - yaranga mwa anthu woyendayendawu ya kumpoto. Mafupa yaranga mitengoyo mizati, madenga anali slanted. Nyumba yonse m'mawa ndi zikopa mphalapala, pansi komanso chidafundidwa ndi zikopa.

Kanyumba malo okhazikika okhala

Ndi kusintha kwa njira Kukwatiwa wa moyo, anthu anayamba kumanga okhazikika adakhala - pa kanyumba. Kodi kanyumba? Mu izi muyenera kudziwa. Macitidwe cha m'ma 10 limafotokoza wakale Russian nyumba - kukatentha nyumba, istpka, istba, kanyumba. Lexical tanthauzo - Russian kugwetsa nyumba.

Poyamba kanyumba anali nyumba yaikulu Russian m'midzi ndi midzi, koma zaka 17-18 izo m'malo ya pafamu kukakhala. Kuti inamangidwa ndi mitengo, yomatidwa korona, kupanga denga la mitengo kapena udzu. zokongoletsa apadera chosema yenda momyata ndi khonde; wapakamwa chokongoletsedwa pricheliny, matawulo, chosema mafelemu. tinyumba ta ambiri adakonzeka ndi zojambula. View kwake osiyanasiyana, ndi makoma anai, ndi makoma asanu ndi atatu, asanu, kapena kuposa mazenera ndi apansi matabwa kapena zadothi. Komabe pafupi ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu - ndi kosavuta kutenthetsa chipinda. Kumalimbikitsa kanyumba pafupi zofunikira chipinda, mu kugwa, popanda kusiya pa msewu, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri nyengo yoipa. Kwa nthawi yaitali kanyumba adagona anakhala nthawi zonse: makoma ozizira, iwo ali kuyikidwa mu mbali imodzi pabalaza - mkangano chimango, mbali inayo - malo ziwiya banja ndi mausiku m'chilimwe.

Black ndi woyera kanyumba

N'zovuta kulingalira nyumba opanda m'chumunicho pamwamba pa denga, ndi mu masiku akale, izo sizinali utsi ankapita khomo kapena window wapadera pa iye. Akutchedwa kanyumba - Cournot kapena wakuda. Windows ang'onoang'ono elongated mipata (kutalika ngati makulidwe a chipika), ngati n'koyenera, kobvundikiridwa zolengeza. A review mwatsatanetsatane za moyo mkati okhala awathandize kumvetsa zimene kanyumba. Main m'nyumba, ndithudi, kunali mbaula.

Kumpoto ndi pakati pa uvuni Russian kuseri kwa mpanda pafupi kuti inali malo kukhala - shopu. Kuchokera pamwamba pa uvuni ndi danga khoma wotanganidwa ndi shelufu. Aliyense kanyumba panali malo yowala ulemu - zopatulika wofiira ngodya, kumene iconostasis, Uthenga Wabwino, madzi oyera. njingayo nthawi ndi nthawi paukhondo, pali chidachitika ambiri miyambo zogwiritsidwa ndi kubadwa, pamaukwati, pamaliro.

Pamodzi ndi onse a mpanda wa kanyumba anali yaitali mabenchi, mu ngodya mosiyana kwambiri tebulo. Zingatanthauze kuti mu wakuda kanyumba nthawi zonse ziyenera kukhala mdima ndi dingy ndi mwaye ndi utsi. Koma Cournot kanyumba kudabwa alimi kwa chiyero awo: a tablecloth woyera, matawulo nsalu pa makoma, mu ngodya wofiira - malipilo wothwanima mafano. Izi ndi zodabwitsa tsenga kwake. Malinga ndi malamulo a sayansi ndi zomangamanga pang'ono pamwamba kukula anthu malire kupitirira zomwe chapamwamba matabwa chipika kudenga yokutidwa ndi mwaye. Popelani kudzuka, konse kugwa m'munsimu malire izi.

Kodi kanyumba woyera? Mosiyana kanyumba chimneyless, woyera ali m'chumunicho. Pamwamba pa moto wa njerwa nozzle aikidwa, izo atolele utsi ukuchokera ku ng'anjo. utsi Komanso akulowa lounger yopingasa a njerwa mu chapamwamba, ndipo akatulutsidwa kunja kupyolera chitoliro lapansi. Mosiyana chimneyless kanyumba kanyumba anali woyera chimango mazenera amene anatseka thovu kapena Mica, ndi mibadwo galasi 18-19 anaikapo natsekapo mawindo kunja.

Mawu "kanyumba"

Mawu akuti "kanyumba" ( "yzba", "izba", "istba", "istobka", "kukatentha nyumba") ntchito mu mbiri Russian ndi kalekale wamkulu. Anatsimikiza ndi ubale wake ndi mawu akuti "kumiza", "kutentha pamwamba." Kanyumba amatanthauza kukhala nyumba mkangano. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, anthu onse Asilavo ndi mawu akuti "kukatentha nyumba" ndipo izo zikutanthauza - dongosolo lomwe ndi mkangano, onetsetsani ng'anjo. Woyamba nyumba ya makolo athu, pamaso panali mauvuni, tinyumba ta sanali otchedwa. dzina anafika pa nthawi imene nyumbazi anakhala mkangano. Ndiye iwo anatchedwa "kukatentha nyumba" kapena "istba". Ndipo kuchokera istby pang'ono ndi kanyumba.

Kodi kanyumba, chingakuthandizeni kumvetsa kusanthula mawu yokha. Kwenikweni, mawu akuti "kanyumba" unagwa mu zigawo ziwiri: kunja (a) kuteteza (Ba). Etymologists wochirikiza chiphunzitsochi kuti mawu akuti "istba" wakhala "kanyumba" m'njira yake. Tanthauzo la mawu syllables: umodzi (UC) mwamphamvu mphamvu (TB), kuteteza (Ba). Choncho, mawu akuti "istba" ndi "kanyumba" tanthauzo. Kutanthauza chilindo cha thesauruses Efraimu: "kanyumba - timbered pafamu kukakhala m'mudzi kapena mkati mwa nyumba."

Zikhulupiriro pomanga kwake

Kumanga nyumba kwa asilikali yapadera, pafupifupi zamatsenga chochitika. Kodi kanyumba zinali zofunika? Yophiphiritsira m'nthano kufunika izo zatenganso mbali mu moyo ndi njira ya anthu wamba. Pankhaniyi, chifukwa iwo anali ndi ntchito yofunika osati kukhazikitsa denga pamwamba pa mutu wake yekha ndi banja lake, komanso kulenga danga moyo wodzala ndi wachikondi ndi mtendere ndi chikondi.

malawi Izi zimatheka bwanji kumanga yekha malangizo a makolo awo, zopatuka malamulo a makolo sankaloledwa. Tanthauzo makamaka anali kusankha malo kwa kanyumba latsopano: malowo akhale youma, mkulu, kuwala - ambiri a mtengo wake matsenga: chiyenera kukhala osangalala. Odala ndinaganiza malo lokhalamo kumene miyoyo ya anthu unachitikira bwinobwino mosamala. Sizikuyenda kwa kanyumba ndi malo m'manda a anthu pa malo mwa msewu kapena kumene anali kale kusamba.

The mfundo yomanga kanyumba

malamulo okhwima ntchito zinthu kwa chimango lapansi. Russian ankakonda kumanga kanyumba zopangidwa paini, larch, spruce. Mitengo imeneyi zinali zazitali ndi molunjika mitengo ikuluikulu, omwe mwamphamvu apangidwe mu chimango ndi, mwangwiro anasunga chikondi cha kunyumba, ndipo sanali kusokoneza. Mitengo kusankha zinali zochepa ambiri Ziletsozi, yomwe kunali koletsedwa kuswa kuti tipeze nyumba limene lili vuto. Choncho, kwa kanyumba izo analetsedwa kudula "wopatulika" mitengo - iwo kubweretsa kunyumba ya imfa. Tabu anali kudula mitengo yakale. Izo zinali zoletsedwa kuti nditenge kumanga tinyumba ta mitengo youma, iwo ankatengedwa akufa. Great tsokali chingachitike ngati m'nyumba matabwa adzakhala "chiwawa" mtengo umene unakula pamphambano. Iye akhapidziwa mtengo zingachitikenso padera ndi flatten eni chimango nyumba. Kumangidwa kwa kanyumba anali limodzi ndi chiwerengero chachikulu cha miyambo. Pansi woyamba matabwa m'munsi, mawindo, ngodya ndalama, ubweya, mbewu - chizindikiro cha chitukuko ndi bwino. Akamaliza wa tonse ogwira ntchito yomanga mowolowa manja ankachitira.

Chifukwa simungakhoze kusamba nsalu yakuda pagulu

"Sambani zauve nsalu pagulu" - mtengo phraseologism kubwerera ku Chikhulupiriro kuti nkhani yanuyi zinyalala zingachititse kuwonongeka kwa mwini nyumba kapena achibale, abale ake. Popewa izi, panali mwambo - simungakhoze kusamba nsalu yakuda kunja kanyumba, ndipo muwatenthe mu ng'anjo. Malinga ndi zikhulupiriro zakale, mu zinyalala akanakhoza kupeza tsitsi lanu ndipo zosiyanasiyana zinthu zimene bedevil anthu akuipa. M'kupita kwa nthawi, otchuka akuti "kusamba nsalu yakuda pagulu" mtengo anapeza kunyamula monga kuletsa kufalitsa nkhani za mikangano banja ndi mikangano. Komabe, akamanena za mawu amenewa nthawi yathu imakhalabe zogwirizana, monga anaphunzira zambiri choimira kunyumba, kumenya manja cholakwika, nthawi zina amakhala owononga kwambiri tsitsi m'manja mwa ochita matsenga.

Kumene, masiku ano zing'onozing'ono matabwa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi anthu amene anamanga zaka zapitazo, ndi m'malo holide nyumba zing'onozing'ono ndi udindo. Penti ndi losema, iwo tsopano akuimira pafupifupi mogometsa.

M'pake kutero, chifukwa anthu nthawi zonse kuti akatonthoze, kukongola ndi chitonthozo, chinthu chachikulu kukumbukira pamene chiyambi chake ndi mbiri, chifukwa popanda m'mbuyomu, monga iwo amati, palibe tsogolo.