Amene tectonic dongosolo odzipereka Russian momveka? Tectonics, zimachititsa chilumbachi wa Russian Plain

The yaikulu m'dera la nkhalango ku Pechora ndi Karelian nayonso, thundu kufalikira kwa gulu pakati, womwenso tchire nkhokwe tirigu ndi msipu Titafika pamalo - m'dera lonse - osati kuti zina, monga m'chigwa Russian. Map dziko lathu, chikutsimikizira kuti mayiko amenewa ndi ambiri mizinda ndi midzi, ndi kotero kuti iwo kuli anthu ambiri.

Russian kapena East European Plain ndinawona mbiri kuposa zaka chikwi wa Russia. Iye anali munda nkhondo yomasula dziko, izo anadutsa Chitata Mongolia, asilikali a Napoleon ndi Hitler. Ndi pa mbalambanda izi zinachitika zochitika odzitukumula chosintha. Komanso anadutsa yomanga zofunika a anthu zokomera. Ndipo mpaka pano malowa ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri chuma Russia.

madera

East Plain European ili gawo lalikulu. M'dera ake, ndi kuwonjezera pa Amazon. dzikolo akuyamba ku gombe la nyanja ya Baltic ndi kuwonjezera ku mapiri a Urals, ku White Nyanja ndi Nyanja Barents kwa Caspian ndipo Azov.

Udindo Hrs wa Russian Plain amenewa kuti angapeze nyanja ziwiri.

Mu gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa dera ili yochepa kwa mapiri Denmark. Mu kum'mwera kumadzulo ndi kumadzulo akafika lokwera a pakati pa Ulaya ndi Carpathians. Kodi wina ndi mapiri kumalire ndi dera limene mukukhala m'chigwa Russian? Map limasonyeza malo mu kum'mwera chakum'mawa Caucasus, ndi Urals ndi Mogodzhary - kummawa. Komanso, dera la chigwa Russian umatha pa phazi kumpoto kwa Crimea mapiri Crimea chilumba. Izi m'dera lonse la mamita lalikulu miliyoni anayi. Izi oposa awiri ndi zikwi theka makilomita kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kummwera, ndi zikwi - kuchokera kummawa mpaka kumadzulo.

Udindo Hrs wa Russian Plain ndi chotero kuti malo okwanira mkati la Russia. mayiko Komanso, apa zili monga Latvia ndi Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Ukraine ndi Moldova, Poland ndi Finland, Bulgaria ndi Romania, ndi Kazakhstan.

mpumulo

Pa dera la phiri East European Plain ili, kutalika pazipita - kuchokera mamita 200 mpaka 300 pamwamba pa nyanja. Palinso m'zigwa ndi ikudontha iwo m'mitsinje ikuluikulu. Zolemba malire kutalika kwa chigwa zimawonedwa mu Urals, komanso monga Bugulma-Veremeevskoy phiri. Apa akafika mlingo wa 479 m. Kutalika avareji mlingo wa dera lonse la chigwa ndi pa kuzungulira 170 meters.

Kufotokozera ndi gulu la zizindikiro kunja mpumulo chinkhoswe orography. Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa nkhani, womwenso madera. Plain Russian pa malo, zimene orography, lagawidwa m'magulu atatu - chapakati, kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. Mu oyamba m'chigwa Russian, mukhoza kuona phiri ngati: Volga, Central Russian, Bugulma-Belebey ndi General Sirt. Iwo anapatukana Low Volga ndi Oka-Don m'zigwa.

The gulu pakati

Mpumulo wa Russian Plain mu Mzere wakumpoto wa makamaka otsika kunama. Only m'madera ena m'dera singly kapena garlands yaing'ono anamwazikana phiri laling'ono. Mu malangizo kuchokera kumadzulo kupita kum'mawa ndi kumpoto-kum'mawa ndi taphunzira Smolensk ndi Moscow, komanso ndi Valdai Hills ndi zitunda za Zone kumpoto. Kudzera m'madera awo ndi okulira pa kozizira, North, Atlantic, komanso kukhetsa lamkati Aral-Caspian beseni. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pa zitunda kumpoto kwa Barents ndi nyanja White, pali ena kuchepetsa m'gawo la zigwa.

Wachitatu, Mzere kum'mwera pali zambiri m'zigwa. Pakati pawo, The Black Sea, Caspian ndi ena. Amawapatula ndi okwera otsika (Stavropolskaya Ergeni ndi T. D.).

Gulu la nyumba tectonic

Mu matanthwe a pansi padziko ali m'madera ambiri amene malire ndi zolakwa kwambiri. Izi ndi nyumba tectonic. Iwo anaphunzira osiyana Geological sayansi. Dzinali - tectonics. chilango ino tikukamba pa nyumba zikuluzikulu ziwiri zomwe zili mu kutumphuka dziko lapansi. nsanja iyi, komanso kuyenda lamba. Woyamba wa malo awa ndi khola, ndi lathyathyathya pamwamba. Nsanja ali kale pa nthaka anawononga nyumba apangidwe. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo ndi dongosolo awiri wosanjikiza. Choncho, mmunsi mwa nsanja ndi crystalline m'munsi amene wapangidwa wa macheka akale. Pamwamba wosanjikiza ichi ndi nyanja chivundikirocho. Nawo mapangidwe ake anatenga kenako madipoziti. Tectonics allocates slabs ndi matabwa nsanja. Oyamba ndi m'madera amene maziko lili kwathunthu kuya, ataphimbidwa ndi chivundikiro nyanja. Olimba crystalline mbali ndi maziko omwewo, anakwezedwa pamwamba pansi. Palinso chivundikiro nyanja. Komabe, si mosalekeza ndi otsika mphamvu.

Pankhani lamba makina, ndi gawo elongated mu kutumphuka, imene m'dera mpaka nthawi ino kupitiriza njira maphunziro.

Kuchokera pa gulu ili, ndi kapangidwe tectonic odzipereka Russian momveka? Inde, gulu loyamba, kapena kuti nsanja.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Maziko a Russian Plain ndi nsanja wakale. N'chifukwa chake mpumulo wa m'dera Amakhala makamaka a m'zigwa. Mapangidwe Kulalikira anthu amenewa lalikulu adali ndi chikoka chake pali zinthu zachilengedwe. Izi mphepo, madzi ndi oundana.

Maziko a East nsanja European ili pa kuya osiyana. Only pakati Karelia ndi Kola Peninsula chimatilowetsa padziko lapansi. zone iyi akutchedwa chishango Baltic. Iwo amagwirizana ndi chiyambi cha Hibin oyenerera pa Kola Peninsula. Mu mpumulo wa maziko chimakwirira chivundikiro nyanja, lomwe lili ndi mphamvu zosiyanasiyana.
okwera onse amene ali East European Plain, anapanga nsanja ufa kapena mutamwa glacier kapena anatola pa maziko.

Mmene mbale tectonic Malo ambiri

Russian kumveka ali lililonse mpumulo nsanja. Ndi otsika zake zonse ndi uplands akuchokera tectonic. ndi mbali ya nsanja chiyani? Amene tectonic dongosolo odzipereka Russian momveka?

Lonse gawolo chogwidwa ndi lathyathyathya mtunda. Ndipo ndi kuyamika zonse kapangidwe tectonic lomwe lili ndi nsanja kumveka. monyanyira onse maziko zinachititsa kuti pakhale wa lowland yaikulu komanso ena mapiri. Mwachitsanzo, kuukitsa maziko a Voronezh anali kuchititsa ku Central Russian zomwe zili. Kutsitsa nsanja kwachititsa kuti zikamera wa Mapanga ndi ya Caspian maganizo.

Tectonic Kapangidwe ka Russian Plain ku dera kwambiri zikusonyeza Precambrian crystalline mbale ndi maziko. zone kum'mwera ili m'mphepete kumpoto kwa mbale Msukuti atagona Paleozoic apangidwe chapansi. Kapangidwe Ichi chimapereka yankho lachindunji kuposa funso monga limene dongosolo tectonic wa odzipereka Russian kumveka. M'malire a dziko la mbale awiri sikumangotikhudza ndi mtunda.

Kapangidwe ka strata tectonic

Ngakhale kuti khalidwe onse akutali ndi mbalambanda, mu mpumulo wake pali onse m'zigwa ndi zomwe zili. Mafotokozedwe ichi angapezeke mu mbali tectonic wa Russian Plain. Chakuti matabwa ake ndi sakanikira ndi wosiyana khalidwe kayendedwe chi maphunziro. Kuzionetsetsa pafupi zikuoneka kuti nsanja kumbuyo m'chigwa Russian, imakhala zinthu zing'onozing'ono. Ali:
- matabwa;
- anteklizy woimira madera maziko osaya;
- syncline madera glei Precambrian chapansi ili ku akuya kwambiri.

anteclise

Yaikulu ya zinthu izi zili m'chigawo chapakati cha mbale Russian. Izi ndi Volga-Urals ndi Voronezh anticline. Monga mbali yoyamba ya iwo ndi kulimbikitsa lalikulu (anawasema) ndi maganizo. Pankhaniyi, makulidwe a m'dambo ndi za 800 meters.

Dera la Voronezh anticline pang'onopang'ono akutsika cha kumpoto. Pamwamba pa maziko ake ali wochepa thupi makulidwe mafunsidwe ake mpweya, ndi ordovika Devonian. Pa phompho kum'mwera otsetsereka a overlying miyala ya Paleogene ndipo Cretaceous. Ndi apa, ndi mpweya.

syneclise

Amakezana ndi zovuta mu kapangidwe kake amafotokozera ndi malo Moscow. Apa, crystalline chapansi amapezeka mu matanthwe a pansi padziko pa kuya kwambiri. Maziko Moscow syneclise ndi aulacogens, amene anadzazidwa wandiweyani strata wa m'madzi ndi. Pamwamba zigawo izi ya chivundikirocho nyanja ukufanizidwa ndi miyala osiyanasiyana kuchokera Mathanthwe kwa Cretaceous.

Mu Neogene-Quaternary Moscow syneclise akukonza kulimbikitsa m'goli. Izi zinaonetsera alili, kumene kunali phiri monga Valdai Hills ndi Smolensk-Moscow, komanso m'zigwa - kumpoto Dvina ndi Upper Volga.

Pa East European Plain ndi syneclise lina lalikulu - Pechora. Iwo ali dera la mphero mu gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa mbale Russian. chipika ake maziko awo ali m'goli pa kuya osiyana, kufika kuchigawo cha kum'mawa kwa 5000 kuti mamita 6000. Kudzazidwa syncline ndi wandiweyani strata Paleozoic miyala imene alipo Meso-Cenozoic madipoziti.

mchere

Choncho, tinaganiza kuti ndi tectonic dongosolo odzipereka Russian mbalambanda, kodi mbiri yake nthaka. Chifukwa nthawi yaitali mapangidwe ake, pa nsanja, wamkulu ndi wamphamvu geostruturu. Lili nkhokwe losatha la mchere. Choncho, maziko a nsanja anapeza miyala ya zitsulo. Iwo zili mu zone ya Kursk maginito anomaly. Mu chivundikiro nyanja nsanja anapeza nkhokwe malasha. Kukhala mu kum'mawa kwa Donets beseni ndi Moscow beseni. Mu Mezozoic ndi Paleozoic ndi nkhokwe ya mafuta ndi gasi. Izi ndi Ural-Volga beseni. Suli kutali ndi Syzran anapeza shale. Mu kuya kwa Russian Plain zipangizo zosiyanasiyana nyumba - .. laimu ndi miyala, dongo, etc. bulauni miyala bauxite, mchere ndi phosphates opezeka chivundikiro nyanja.

The zosiyanasiyana malo achilengedwe

Monga ife kale mukudziwa, Russian Plain ili gawo lalikulu. N'chifukwa chake amakhala ndi zosiyanasiyana kutchulidwa nyengo. mabacteria Natural wa kumveka Russian anapereka yosiyanasiyana zake zonse. Mu Far North - Titafika pamalo ndi mphamvu yake otsika ndi zomera osauka kukula pa dothi peat humus. Chilimwe kuziziritsa mbali izi, ndi chinyezi mkulu, kuwonjezeka chifukwa cha kuyandikana kwa Ocean Arctic.

Kum'mwera kwa malo ndi nkhalango Titafika pamalo nthambi. Chotsatira ndi zone pakati pa Russian Plain. Iwo ali ndi nkhalango. Mu mbali kumpoto chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mdima coniferous nayonso, wophuka pa dothi boggy podzolic. Kwa kum'mwera pali wosanganiza magulu, alternating ndi nkhalango deciduous wa thundu, mapulo ndi linden.

mabacteria Natural a Russian kumveka mu kum'mwera kwa nkhalango steppe ali m'nkhaniyo. Izi gawo ndi yachonde, monga ulamuliro, wakuda nthaka ndi zomera herbaceous.

dziko patalipatali

The kwambiri kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa East European Plain lili Caspian maganizo. Mchikakamizo cha nyengo youma pano anapanga theka chipululu malo, yomwe ili pa dothi mgoza. M'madera ena pali komanso m'zipululu. Izi woyendera nthambi za dothi imvi, malawi mchere ndi m'madambo mchere.

Pomaliza

Kodi zambiri ndi kumveka Russian akhoza kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane? tebulo A mu zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana anayambitsa (tectonic dongosolo, malo achilengedwe, nyengo ndi T. D.) Kodi kuziganizira mofatsa. Izi ndi zodabwitsa zithunzi thandizo kuti akhonza kupereka chithandizo chabwino kwambiri pa kumvetsa ndi kuphunzira zinthu zinafunika.