Kodi "kopitilira muyeso-mkulu osiyanasiyana" nanga mawu olembedwa a mayikirowevu chiyani?

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti mayikirowevu - izo ndi "kopitilira muyeso-mkulu pafupipafupi." Ambiri amaganiza kuti izi ndi chinthu chovuta zakutchire abstruse a sayansi ndi masamu, ndi kuti sizikuwakhudza. Komabe, zinthu zosiyana kwambiri. Mayikirowevu zipangizo wachita kale mbe mu miyoyo yathu, ndi angapezeke kulikonse. Koma ndi chiyani icho?

Osiyanasiyana mafurikwense mayikirowevu

Kufotokoza mayikirowevu - kopitilira muyeso-mkulu pafupipafupi mu atomu dzuwa, zomwe imakonzedwa mu pafupipafupi sipekitiramu pakati infuraredi ndi kutali munda UHF. Adziwana dzulo cha osiyanasiyana izi kwa masentimita makumi atatu kwa millimeter wina. N'chifukwa chake mayikirowevu limatchedwa ya centimeter ndi decimeter mlengalenga ngati kuwala. Mu yachilendo luso mabuku mawu olembedwa mayikirowevu - mayikirowevu osiyanasiyana. Iwo anazindikira kuti timaganiza ndi ochepa poyerekeza ndi mafunde a wailesi wailesi amene ali ndi dongosolo la mamita mazana angapo.

katundu mayikirowevu

Mulitali, mafunde izi mtundu - wapakatikati pakati pa kuwala cheza ndi wailesi chizindikiro, choncho ali katundu mitundu onse. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kuwala, mafunde awa kufalitsa pamodzi njira yolunjika ndipo zayamba onse alipo kwambiri kapena zochepa zinthu zovuta. Mofanana ndi kuwala dzuwa, mayikirowevu kuganizira, anasonyeza, kufalitsa mu mawonekedwe a kunyezimira. Ngakhale decoding mayikirowevu akunena za "wapamwamba" osiyanasiyana -high, tinyanga ambiri ndi zipangizo Rada ndi ochepa zikuluzikulu buku la kalirole, magalasi ndi zinthu zina kuwala.

m'badwo

Popeza cheza cha microwaves ndi ofanana ndi mphepo, ndipo kwaiye njira zofanana. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti mayikirowevu zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mphepo kuti chiphunzitso chake chakale, koma chifukwa osiyanasiyana chodziwa n'zotheka kuonjezera dzuwa la ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, mtengo umodzi wokha akhoza "kunyamula" mpaka zikwi kukambirana telefoni imodzi. Kufanana microwaves ndi kuwala, m'kukoma mkulu osalimba kunyamula mudziwe inandithandiza ukadaulo Rada.

Mapulogalamu a microwaves mu Rada

Ziziyenda centimeter ndi decimeter ranges akhala nkhani chidwi mu masiku a Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Ngakhale pali kufunika njira ndi nzeru za kudziwika. Ndiye ife ankafufuza mayikirowevu ntchito zawo Rada. Mfundo yofunika kuti kwambiri, nyemba lalifupi ndi anapezerapo mpata, ndiyeno ena kunyezimira izi zalembedwa atabwerera ku zosadziwika zinthu kutali.

Ntchito microwaves mu kutumiza mauthenga

Monga tanena kale, chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti UHF - kopitilira muyeso mkulu pafupipafupi. Akatswiri ndipo amaphunzitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mafunde awa wailesi yake. M'mayiko onse mwakhama ntchito malonda mzere kulankhulana zochokera kufala kwa magulu mkulu-yoweyula. zizindikiro zimenezi si pamwamba pa pamapindikira lapansi ndi mzere molunjika kudzera malo kulankhulana kulandirana ili pa intervals misanje za makilomita makumi asanu.

Simufunikanso yambiri magetsi kwa HIV, kuyambira microwaves kulola pang'onong'ono cholinga phwando ndi HIV, komanso m'malo ogulitsira kuzikonzanso amplifiers pakompyuta pamaso relaying. Dongosolo la tinyanga, nsanja, transmitters ndipo amalandira ngati mtengo, koma limapindula mphamvu zambiri zoterozo ngalande.

Kugwiritsa mafurikwense mayikirowevu m'munda wa mauthenga Kanema

Dongosolo la nsanja wailesi kupereka chizindikiro mayikirowevu pa maulendo ataliatali chiyenera kukhala pa dziko. Kuti zokambirana intercontinental ntchito makina yokumba, ali mu kanjira geostationary a Dziko Lapansi ndi ntchito repeater. Aliyense Kanema amapereka zikwi zingapo njira kulankhulana mwambambande makasitomala ake kufala kwa TV ndi telefoni zizindikiro imodzi.

mankhwala kutentha mankhwala

Zoyesayesa woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito mafurikwense mayikirowevu processing chakudya analandira zabwino, ndipo ngakhale wachangu ndemanga. Mayikirowevu uvuni lero ntchito monga nyumba, ndi makampani akuluakulu chakudya. Kwaiye nyali mkulu-mphamvu, mphamvu zamagetsi ndi anaikira mu buku laling'ono, amene amalola mankhwala thermally ankachitira ndi woyera, yaying'ono ndi chete.

Anamanga-mu mayikirowevu uvuni chotchuka kwambiri banja lachifumu, angapezeke m'makhitchini ambiri. Komanso ngati dera cholinga zipangizo ntchito kulikonse kumene Kutentha mofulumira ndi kukonza chakudya. Mayikirowevu uvuni ndi Grill Mwachitsanzo, n'kofunika kwambiri kuti mchitidwe kulemekeza aliyense odyera.

Magwero waukulu wa poizoni

Patsogolo ntchito microwaves amagwirizana ndi zipangizo zina monga klystron magnetron ndi kuti akhoza kupanga ndalama yaikulu mphamvu mkulu pafupipafupi. Ntchito magnetron zochokera pa mfundo za M'mimbamo resonant, amene chipupa ndi inductance, ndipo danga pakati pa makoma - capacitance resonant dera. Kutalika kwa chinthu ichi amasankhidwa pa yoyenera resonant mayikirowevu pafupipafupi, zimene zimayenderana chiŵerengero anakhumba pakati pa capacitance ndi inductance.

Choncho, decoding wa mayikirowevu kwa - pafupipafupi kwambiri mkulu. Kukula kwa jenereta ndi likukhudza mphamvu cheza amenewa. Magnetrons kakang'ono mafurikwense mkulu ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti mphamvu zawo sangafikire mlingo zogwira mtima. vuto ndi ofunika ntchito maginito katundu. The klystron anafa anathana, monga izi zipangizo zina safuna minda kunja.