Kodi kudzala mbewu karoti pansi lotseguka? Kaloti: Kubzala ndi kukonza kutchire

Kaloti, mwina kwambiri otchuka ndipo ambiri wamkulu mu wakunja kwatawuni m'madera a mizu. N'zovuta kulingalira popanda miyambo kunyumba kuphika cha magulu lokongolali: Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu masamba akhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali mu mawonekedwe mwatsopano, woimira nkhokwe gwero la kufufuza zinthu ndi mavitamini mu nyengo yozizira. N'zosavuta kukhala pa malo ake karoti? Kulima ndi chisamaliro mu zakutchire chifukwa mbewu imeneyi masamba angapo mbali. Ngakhale kuphweka n'zopanda kwa ndondomekoyi, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti karoti - masamba wokongola cranky. Zosafunika zinthu mwadzidzidzi kuthirira kapena feteleza zidzayambitsa chakuti m'malo lathyathyathya yowutsa mudyo kaloti mu bwino nkhani chifuniro yokolola forage masamba. Choncho n'kofunika osati kudziwa momwe kudzala mbewu karoti pansi lotseguka, komanso kuonetsetsa Kayamba zolondola kutsirira, chisamaliro, kuteteza ku tizirombo. Pamene kuyamba kubzala? Kodi mukufuna kudziwa oyamba cottagers kukula wokongola ndi chokoma karoti? Kubzala ndi chisamaliro kutchire, mmene chisanadze mankhwala a mbewu ndi njira yosavuta chotsimikiziridwa kuteteza adani a mbewu izi muzu kukolola m'nkhani ino.

Pamene kuyamba bwino kudzala kaloti?

Nthawi pamene kubzala kaloti pansi lotseguka, zimadalira amadalira mitundu muzu mbewu. Conventionally, iwo akhoza lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mogwirizana ndi mawu a ukalamba. Ali:

• kapena oyambirira kukhwima zosiyanasiyana kaloti, amene pambuyo masiku 50-60 pambuyo zikamera wa zomera nyengo limapezeka;
• ndi pakati (masiku 90 mpaka 110);
• Patapita (late-) - masiku 120;

mitundu zina ndi oyenera chodzala pansi podzimnego filimu. Tikhoza Mwachitsanzo, chitsime kutsimikiziridwa "Moscow yozizira", "Amsterdam", "Yovuta Kuikhulupirira" ali wodzala kaloti "Ana kukoma" hybrid "Baby ndi F1" hladoustoychivy kalasi "Paris karotel" ndi zina early- ndi pakati kalasi. Nthawi akadakwanitsira chifukwa chodzala podzimny mbewu zingadziŵike paokha. anthu chilimwe, kuposa chaka amachita njira kulima, Ndi bwino kudikira mpaka woyamba pang'ono yozizira koopsa kwa nthaka, 3-5 cm. Izi kuchedwa mu mphukira wa. Zimere kaloti overwintered mukhoza bwinobwino kuyambira mu theka lachiwiri la April. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, pa mabedi amapereka kutentha yaing'ono kapena monga Arc yokutidwa ndi zojambulazo, kenako mbewu anapereka ulimi wothirira mwakayakaya.

Nthawi alipidwa kasupe yofesa, kumene, ayenera kudziwa, kutenga nkhani makhalidwe nyengo ya chigawo chomwe mufuna. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa khalidwe, pamene luso yosungirako yaitali. Pakuti yowutsa mudyo mitundu oyambirira kukhwima, monga mwachitsanzo kaloti "sautéed Savoy", "Lydia F1», «Minikor F1» ndi mitundu zofanana, khalidwe limeneli si zofunika. Pakuti m'matangadza yozizira ya masamba uyu Ndi bwino kusankha mbewu za mitundu ya kaloti, yaitali lofotokozabe ake katundu, mitundu kalasi, "Nantes", "Orange Muscat" ndi "Fairy", abwino kwa April kubzala, "Santanu" kapena mitundu iliyonse mochedwa.

Ngati mukumaika chidwi pa zinthu za gulu pakati, woyamba kukula, wolemera mu mavitamini kukolola mitundu oyambirira a kaloti afesedwa kwambiri makamaka palibe pasanafike mapeto a April. Ndiko kuti, kuyambira manambala za 20-25. Mwangwiro chiliri yowutsa mudyo kukhwima mitundu, "Amsterdam", "Orange Muscat", wokoma kwambiri karoti "sautéed Savoy", "Okondeka" ndi ena.

Pakuti dzinthu "mu malo" kaloti ayenera anabzala palibe kale kuposa May, opambana pakati pa mwezi. Ndi bwino kusankha mitundu a mochedwa kapena m'ma nyengo, koma nthawi zonse ndi yaitali kuteteza katundu wa mbewu mizu. Kwambiri ndi "stale yozizira" Mwachitsanzo, pakati-karoti "Alenka", "Nantes", "Leander", "Grenada", "mavitamini". Pafupifupi onse mitundu amachedwa ngati kusungidwa bwino bodza lonse yozizira nyengo ndi kukhala chokoma ndi wathanzi mpaka masika lotsatira. Good ntchito udachita otchuka mitundu "Red Giant", "Yophukira Mfumukazi", "Mo", "Flaccus", "Yovuta Kuikhulupirira", "Saint-Valery" ndi zina mitundu pozdnosozrevayuschie. chidwi ziperekedwe kwa mtundu wa "Perfektsiya" lomwe lili ndi chitetezo chokwanira mkulu kuwola kwa chinyezi.

Stratification ndi kumera

Kodi malangizo kwa wamaluwa odziwa atenge ntchito, kotero kuti asaone mapeto ngodya yokhota ndi zoipa, "kumbuyo" kaloti? Kubzala ndi chisamaliro kutchire kuyambira ndi yokonza mbewu za mbewu izi muzu kale alinkugwa pansi.

Choyamba, muyenera kulabadira pamene mbewu kukolola. Kawirikawiri, wamaluwa ntchito kufesa mbewu kapena anagula atsopano ndithu "kunyumba" kuchokera yokolola chaka chatha. Ngati inu ntchito sitolo anagula, ndiye asanadzalemo mbewu karoti pansi lotseguka, muyenera khutu ku tsiku lotha malinga pa phukusi ndi chuma mbewu: kungakupatseni zotsatira zabwino mu mawonekedwe a yokolola akhoza kuwapeza mbewu, zomwe nthawi yodzala ndi osapitirira 3 zaka 4.

Komanso, wololera njira adzakhala khalidwe chisanadze analamula maphunziro kuwonjezeka mbewu kumera. njirayi zikuphatikizapo chisanadze kumera ndi stratification, ndiye nthawi makulitsidwe mbewu m'mikhalidwe wapadera. Kodi stratification mbewu za kaloti kunyumba? Dongosolo lonse la kukonzekera ndi oipa Udzatenga masiku osachepera 10.

Chinthu choyamba chimene muyenera kuchita - zilowerere mbewu karoti kwa maola awiri. Madzi ayenera kukhala pakatikati "yozungulira" kutentha.

Pambuyo akuwukha mbewu wogawana amwazamwaza pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza. Top mbewu ndi okutidwa ndi konyowa nsalu.

Iwo ayenera kusungidwa minofu malingana ngati iwo alibe pathupi. nthawi ili yonse muyenera moisten nsalu. Kupewa kuyanika mbewu, nthawi ayenera mosamala analimbikitsa.

Pamene mbewu anayamba kusweka kwa eggshell, iwo ayenera kuyikidwa mu firiji. Tempering ikuchitika wotere kwa masiku 10.

Pali wina yaitali odziwika chisanadze kumera wa njira mbewu. Kuchita izi, mbewu anatsanulira mu thumba anapanga nsalu thonje "dropwise", umene shallowly m'manda mu nthaka kwa zaka pafupifupi 10 masiku.

Kodi kudzala kaloti? Kusankha malo oyenera pa malo

Kuti kukolola ayenera kuonetsetsa kuti mabedi karoti malo oyenera pa malo likumanenso zinthu zonse zofunikira.

Chimodzi mwa zofunika zikuluzikulu za masamba ichi - kwambiri kuwala. Kaloti mu mthunzi wa si kupeza msinkhu ndi sasiyana kukoma zabwino.

Ngati mukufuna yozizira kufesa, seedbed ayenera chachitika, osati kuunikira komanso pamalo okwera a dziko. Izi kuteteza kukokololoka winanso wa mbewu meltwater.

Chofunika, kodi mbeu zolimidwa pa malo mu chaka chathachi. Kaloti sangathe kukhala wamkulu kwa zaka zingapo pa munda womwewo wa - nthaka ndi zatha, kupereka mbewu muzu micronutrients, kotero muyenera ndidzakupatsa dziko "mpumulo" chimodzi kapena zaka ziwiri. Komanso akhoza anapatsira zachilengedwe adani izi muzu mbewu, tizirombo akhoza kumanzere mu nthaka otsiriza nyengo. Pachifukwa chomwechi, musaike kaloti pambuyo ya parsley lapansi. Bad "akalambula" amaonedwa monga nyemba, chitowe, fennel, parsnips, fennel. Ndi bwino karoti kukula pambuyo mbewu monga chimanga, Solanaceae (tomato ndi mbatata), anyezi, nkhaka, kabichi, adyo.

Kodi kukonzekera dothi mabedi karoti?

Pamaso mbewu zomera karoti pansi lotseguka, nthaka ayenera kukhala okonzeka.

Chiwembu allocated kwa kasupe yofesa, zabwino anayamba kuphika mu kugwa. Zimafunika kukumba kwambiri ndi mosamala, kusankha mizu ya namsongole ndi zotsalira, kuwonjezera fetereza. Patapita maphunziro masika amangokhala ayenera kamodzinso kumasula m'dera pansi pa kama wa karoti ndi kuyamba kubzala.

Land ayenera mwachilungamo mosavuta, lotayirira, izo kuchotsa masamba kukula bwino, pokhalabe mawonekedwe mosabisa. Wandiweyani nthaka bwino wothira mchenga, kompositi bwino anawola manyowa kapena peat.

chidwi ziperekedwe kwa mlingo wa acidity nthaka. Nkosafuna zidulo zimalimbikitsa nthaka kusokoneza kukoma kaloti. Mulingo woyenera pH mlingo kwa kulima mbewu izi muzu - 6-7. Kukwaniritsa ankafunila pH akhoza mwa kulowa pansi kwa kudziwika njira: dolomite ufa, phulusa kapena choko.

Ife kupanga bedi: mtunda pakati pa mizere ayenera?

Kuti chofunika kubzala mzere akuya masentimita 2-3 pa mtunda wa 20 cm pakati pa mizere. Pambuyo grooves anakhetsa pang'ono madzi, mbewu karoti wogawana sieved wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

njira zingapo yabwino kufesa mbewu ka kaloti

Small kukula karoti mbewu pa kufesa zinthu amalenga zovuta zina: mbewu kuwala ndi wosavuta lembani poyambira ndi wogawana osati nthawi zambiri. Naŵa chotsimikiziridwa yabwino njira nkhumba yaing'ono mbewu za karoti.

Mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri, ngakhale kuti kumafuna ntchito mtima, njira - ndodo ya mbewu karoti pa pepala chimbudzi. truckers Ambiri amakonda kucheza madzulo yozizira pang'ono, gluing mbewu muiike (ndi bwino kuchita ndi machesi kapena mmano) ndi prosushivaya kulandira pepala tepi, ndiye kuika mu malo otanganidwa kufesa "akusowekapo" pa pepala chimbudzi mu grooves ndi yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi.

Mofulumira kwambiri ndi zosavuta kusakaniza pamaso kufesa mbewu ndi pang'ono mchenga. mbewu otere anamwazikana uniformly mu poyambira ndipo si limodzi.

Bzalani kaloti angakhale phala la wowuma mbatata. Kuchita izi, mbewu wothira ozizira mbatata "odzola" ndi anazitsanulira mwa poyambira mwa ketulo ndi kuwaza pansi.

Pangani pellets ndi mbewu kunyumba zopangidwa. Mbewu nkhani envelopu wapadera kuti sikutanthauza kumera zina, mwina chilimwe chilichonse wokhala anawona m'masitolo. Zinthu ngati "akusowekapo" akhoza kukhala paokha: odulidwa minofu pepala (chimbudzi pepala) ang'onoang'ono mabwalo, aliyense amene anayika karoti mbewu ndi dontho la zomatira mkanda ndi feteleza oyenera. Ndiye muyenera kukhota mabwalo a pepala ndi zouma. Kupanga akusowekapo amenewa angakhalenso yozizira ndi kusungidwa mu malo ouma isanafike kufesa nthawi.

kuvala

Feteleza ntchito kwa nthaka m'pofunika kwambiri pamaso chodzala mbewu karoti pansi lotseguka. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngakhale pa yophukira kukonzekera gawo limene ndinapatsidwa kubzala mbewu mizu. feteleza Natural bwino yosayenera chaichi, chawola ng'ombe manyowa pa 0.5 zidebe pa 1 mita wa dziko. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti ntchito ya mabedi fetereza karoti manyowa mwatsopano ndi zosatheka kuti poponya kuonjezera acidity wa nthaka, nchifukwa chake mizu kukula wokhotakhota.

Pakuti chisanadze feteleza angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati asafe feteleza, wothira phosphates. Mwachitsanzo, zochokera 1 mita anapangidwira kusakaniza mu zotsatirazi mlingo:

• superphosphate (pellets) awiri - supuni 2;
• dolomite ufa - 2 tbsp;
• phulusa - 2 tbsp;
• sulphate potaziyamu - 1 tbsp;
• nitrate (sodium wochuluka) - 1 supuni

Zodziwitsa kuvala kaloti akhoza kuchitika ntchito osakaniza zina mchere kaŵiri.

masabata atatu pambuyo kumera dothi pakati pa mizere ya njira wabweretsedwa pa mlingo wa:

• Article 1.5. L awiri superphosphate;
• 1 tbsp. sulphate L potaziyamu;
• 1 h. L. urea;
• malita 10 a madzi.

Patapita masabata pambuyo kudya woyamba ndikofunikira kubweretsa yankho pa maziko a:

• 1 tbsp. L azofoska;
• 1 tbsp. L potaziyamu sulphate;
• malita 10 a madzi.

Kudyetsa angakhale ikuchitika monga organic pawiri - nkhuku manyowa madzi njira (1:10) supplemented ndi superphosphate. The zowonjezera chifukwa kofunika kunena kachiwiri ndipo pambuyo kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi 1:10. The zikuchokera chifukwa kuyesetsa zosaposa kawiri.

Komanso, kukula kaloti akhoza kudyetsa boric asidi njira ndi madzi chiŵerengero cha supuni 1 10 L. Kuchita zimene zikuchokera ayenera kukhala kawiri pa nyengo: woyamba masiku khumi a July ndi chiyambi cha kusasitsa za mbewu muzu (oyambirira August).

Zofunika! M'pofunika akusunga mosaphonyetsa mlingo Kwalamulidwa, kutsatira asafe munali feteleza. Oversupply wa asafe pamene kukula kaloti osati kumabweretsa coarsening mbewu muzu, komanso kumawonjezera mlingo wa ku feteleza.

kuthirira malamulo

Kaloti, ngati mbewu zambiri mizu akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto kuyanika ndi nthaka, ndi yambiri madzi. Yoyenera madzi karoti linayenera "golide zikutanthauza."

Pamaso kumera madzi maluwa bedi anabzala mbewu ayenera pafupipafupi koma ang'onoang'ono Mlingo wa madzi.

Kuthirira pambuyo kumera zimafuna nthawi 1 yokha pa sabata, osati wochuluka: m'dziko ayenera impregnated ndi madzi zosaposa 30 cm. madzi owonjezera kungakupatseni kupangitsa akulimbana mbewu muzu, ndipo ngati litulukira mabedi kwambiri moti kungachititse kuti mapangidwe ndondomeko ambiri ang'ono ndi kupereka mbewu za otchedwa acheya karoti.

Chosowa chinyezi, yaitali kupanda ulimi wothirira bwanji kukoma zokolola: kaloti amakhala amphamvu kwambiri kutaya kukoma.

Pamene mutentha kwambiri yotentha nyengo, kuthirira zikhoza kuchitika pang'ono zambiri, monga dothi atayanika kunja mu sabata za maulendo 3.

Ndi chinyezi chokwanira wamaluwa anakumana akulangizidwa kuti kuthirira pafupifupi 3-4 masabata angapo okhometsa karoti kukolola. Zimenezi yosungirako yaitali mbewu muzu, komanso bwino kukoma kwa kaloti kucha.

Kupatulira, kupalira hilling

kuyenera kuphatikizapo kuchotsa namsongole, mizu ndi hilling yake kupatulira kusonkhanitsa m'munda mosabisa ndi lalikulu kaloti, kulima ndi kukonza kutchire.

Choyamba, musanyalanyaze zonse yake tithe kumvetsa kumasulira karoti mabedi. Ngakhale kuti kale pokonza nthaka pamaso kufesa anapangidwa monga kuwala ngati n'kotheka, pambuyo mphukira choyamba ayenera kupereka mizu mpweya okwanira. Kumasula ayenera lonyowa nthaka, pambuyo kuthirira kapena mvula, ndi kusamala kwambiri. Mtima mwana "mizu" wa kaloti mu nthawi imeneyi ili pafupi pamwamba, osasamala kwambiri kumasula mosavuta kuwononga iwo.

Ndi kusamala chomwecho kusamala kuti kupatulira - zofunika "ntchito" kuti zimawathandiza kukolola lalikulu mizu. Ndalama ayenera kukhala amphamvu pambuyo kuoneka woyamba "masamba" nsonga karoti. Nkofunika kukumbukira kuti kupatulira pachithunzichi akhoza kuvulaza mizu otsala, amene chingandithandize ndondomeko osafunika ndi kukolola "nyanga" kaloti. Choncho, tiyenera kugwira njirayi malamulo otsatirawa:

• woonda Ndikofunikira bwino hydrated dziko lapansi;
• kuchotsa "zosafunika" mizu safuna kuti ndifulumire, kukokera iwo oposa, thanthwe kapena Chikoka lakuthwa kumbuyo m'dziko sangakhale;
• woonda kunja bwino mbali ziwiri: koyamba, kusiya mtunda yokwanira pakati pa mbewu muzu za 3 cm, atapita masiku 14-16, ndondomeko ayenera mobwerezabwereza, kusiya kaloti kwambiri lalikulu pa mtunda wa pafupi 4-5 masentimita popanda.

Spud kaloti, muzu masamba kuphimba nthaka, m'pofunika kupewa mapangidwe wobiriwira ndi pamwamba. Ngati izi si kale chipatso ku "wobiriwira mzere" amapangidwa solanine thunthu imene yozizira yosungirako amapereka owawa kukoma kaloti.

Tizilombo control: momwe kuteteza mbewu ku tizilombo ndi matenda?

Mmodzi wa waukulu adani a mbewu izi muzu imatengedwa karoti ntchentche. Pali wamba ochepa, kuphatikizapo kupewa, njira ya kulimbana tizilombo:

• musatisiye kumidzi nsonga karoti ndi namsongole pambuyo kupatulira pafupi makama;
• kukula mizu kuphimbira udzu oyera kapena kuthira pamwamba imodzi bedi zachilengedwe ku karoti ntchentche: fodya fumbi kapena tsabola;
• analimbikitsa kukhazikika monga "mnansi" anyezi lotsatira ndi karoti, izo kuwuluka fungo ngati Fungo lamphamvu lamankhwala si kusamutsa.

Nsabwe ndi kuvala pamwamba ndi mbali aboveground chomera, kudya kuyamwa awo. Kuyambira tatchulawa tizilombo tizilombo mankhwala tikulimbikitsidwa ( "bitoksibatsillin", "Lepidocide"), koma osapitirira maulendo 2 pamwezi.

Wireworms, ndiwo mphutsi za kachilomboka, ndi wireworms, mbewu muzu kusokoneza yokolola, gnawing iwo amasuntha. Kusonkhanitsa ambiri tizirombo izi, muyenera kukumba yamki- "misampha", amene anaikidwa ochepa misa bwino anawola udzu ndi chidutswa cha mbatata zosaphika. Pamwamba pa dzenje yokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi ndi kumanzere kwa masiku 2-3, ndiyeno mphutsi achotsedwa ndi kuwonongedwa.

slugs Horticultural sakhala oopsa kuposa wireworms Komabe, ndi bwino kuthana nawo. Ngati "msampha" akhoza anaika m'munda kukumba zidutswa za dzungu kapena pafupi makama muli zingapo ndi mowa wa. Slugs, pa usiku fungo la khamu "msampha", n'kosavuta kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwononga. Bwino kuthandiza ulesi slugs ku mabedi karoti masingano masingano anamwazikana pakati pa mizere ya.

Zima njenjete. The wamkulu tizilombo masamba si zingasokoneze, koma mbozi kudya iwo gawo aboveground a mizu. Tayani kuwathandiza mankhwala insecticidal kukonzekera mwapadera ( "Etafos", "Tsianoks" ndi ena).

Kuwonjezera makoswewo, pali matenda amene bwanji kaloti. Pano pali zotupa ambiri mbewu muzu:

• Gray zowola - matenda a mafangasi. Zimafunika mwamsanga "mankhwala" - processing wa masamba onse mizu pa bedi la disinfectants.
• White zowola ndi zotsatira za asafe muyeso, umene umachitika lalikulu zedi feteleza nitrogenous. Kuti n'chongoletsa matenda mu nthaka ikhale mankhwala apadera mkuwa munali.
• Bacteriosis ndi Alternaria (wakuda zowola) - matenda akuwuka ku ntchito ya mbewu osauka khalidwe. Iwo akhoza kuteteza chisanadze disinfection. Chithandizo - kupopera fungicides.
• Chilonda chilonda (kapena zowola youma) - amayamba ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mafangasi ndi zosatheka mankhwala. Kuteteza ndi kuyambirira fetereza ndi zili potaziyamu.
• matenda anamva kuwawonetsera pambuyo kusonkhanitsa kaloti ndiponso kupewa kusunga mbewu mizu. Menyani ndi kudzera kupopera fungicides.

Panthawi yake kupewa ndi kuchiza matenda amenewa ndi kuisamalira, adzapereka kukolola yosalala kaloti wokoma, amene adzakhala ndi moyo mpaka masika.