Kodi kupanga pepala polyhedron. Polyhedra Paper - chiwembu

Paper zamanja - si zosiyanasiyana makadi ndi ntchito mwa mawonekedwe a zinthu mosabisa. Chiwerengerochi kwambiri choyambirira analandira atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena chitsanzo (chithunzi 1). Mwachitsanzo, akhoza inamangidwa pepala polyhedron. Taonani njira zina zake, pogwiritsa ntchito zithunzi ndi zithunzi.

akalumikidzidwa History

Ancient sayansi masamu akulimba akutali kale, mu nthawi ya ulemelero wa Roma ndi Greece. Ndiye anaganiza yolumikizana mbali luso wa nzeru za anthu. Kotero, molingana ndi ziphunzitso Plato (mmodzi wa anthu anzeru akale), aliyense wa polyhedra wopangidwa angapo a ndege zofanana amaimira chinthu china. Akalumikidzidwa wa Triangles - octahedron ndi tetrahedron icosahedron - kugwirizana ndi mpweya, madzi ndi moto, motero, ndipo akhoza n'kukhala mzake chifukwa pachilichonse za nkhope, omwe ali apexes atatu. Dziko lapansi limaimira hexahedron la mabwalo. dodecahedron A, zikomo ku nkhope wapadera pentagonal, amachita ntchito kukongoletsa, ndipo ndi zinachitika a mgwirizano ndi mtendere.

Tikudziwanso kuti mmodzi wa masamu Greek Euclid anasonyeza pophunzitsa, "Zinayamba" m'maganizo anatchula zolimba Plato ndi chuma chawo "woyenera" mu dera la (chithunzi 2). Chimaonekera kuchokera pa pepala polyhedron ndi lopinda ndi serried pakati pa makumi awiri Triangles equilateral. Chiwembu atsimikiza chitsanzo kwa kanjedza kupanga. Tiyeni tione magawo onse a ntchito pa chilengedwe cha icosahedron ndi.

timachita icosahedron

icosahedron The wapangidwa ofanana-kakulidwe Triangles isosceles. Izo zikhoza apangidwe ntchito tikuonera Chithunzi 2 zikulilima. Tengani pepala amakona anayi a pepala. Jambulani pa izo makumi awiri ofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe a Triangles, kuwayika iwo mu mizere inayi. Pankhaniyi, aliyense amakumana ndi munthu adzakhala imodzi kukhala mbali inayo. Chitsanzo chifukwa ntchito atapanga preform. Sikudzakhala patsinde-zikulilima pamaso ankamvetsa kulumikiza pa mitengo ikuluikulu onse. Dulani pepala losalembedwapo, pindani pamodzi mizere. N'kupanga polyhedron anapanga pepala, yochepa dera mizere muyeso mwa iwo wokha. Pankhaniyi mfundo za Triangles kulumikiza mfundo imodzi.

zonse polyhedra

Chiwerengerochi onse osiyana Chrixitu chiwerengero osiyanasiyana mbali ndi mawonekedwe awo. Ndiponso, zitsanzo apangidwe kwa pepala limodzi (wonenedwa Chitsanzo kupanga icosahedron) ena - kudzera mndandanda wa zigawo zingapo. Akuti chakale zonse polyhedra. Kuyambira kupanga awo pepala, kumvela malamulo waukulu chosokonekera - pamaso pa M'manja kwathunthu nkhope zofanana. Pali mitundu ikuluikulu asanu a kanjedza. Tebulo zotsatirazi zambiri za mayina awo, manambala ndi akalumikidzidwa nkhope:

A zosiyanasiyana akalumikidzidwa

Pamaziko a mitundu isanu zikalembedwa ntchito luso ndi malingaliro, amisiri zosavuta kupanga zitsanzo zosiyanasiyana kuchokera mu pepala. The polyhedron angakhale osiyana kwambiri ndi pamwamba ananena kuti ndalama zisanu, kupangidwa imodzi ntchito nkhope osiyana, monga mabwalo ndi Triangles. Choncho analandira thupi buoyancy. Ndipo ngati nkhope chimodzi kapena zingapo kuphonya, inu mupeza mawonekedwe lotseguka monga amamuona onse kunja ndi mkati. Kupanga zitsanzo olimba pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lapadera losema kuchokera wandiweyani, bwino kusunga mu mawonekedwe, pepala. Pangani ndi polyhedra wapadera wa pepala. Mapulani mankhwala amenewa akuphatikizapo pamaso pa zina zigawo yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda. Tiyeni tikambirane njira kumanga kokoma kwambiri pa chitsanzo cha dodecahedron (chithunzi 3).

Kodi kupanga pepala polyhedron ndi nsonga khumi ndi njira yoyamba

chiwerengerochi amatchedwa stellated dodecahedron. Aliyense wa mfundo zake pa maziko ake ndi zonse Pentagon. Choncho, njira awiriwa polyhedra pepala. kupanga madera adzakhala mosiyana Chrixitu. Mbali yoyamba ndi umodzi chidutswa (chithunzi 4), chifukwa cha kungomanga amene amatembenuza chotsirizidwa. Kuwonjezera pa nkhope waukulu alipo mu chithunzi cha mbali polumikiza kulumikiza chimene chithunzi merges mu lonse limodzi. Pakuti kupanga polyhedron Njira yachiwiri kuchita osiyana dongosolo angapo. Taganizirani izi zimachitika mwatsatanetsatane.

Kodi kupanga polyhedron anapanga pepala: njira yachiwiri

Fabricate awiri Chinsinsi chachikulu (chithunzi 5):

- Choyamba. Lembani bwalo pa pepala ndi muchigawane kudutsa mu magawo awiri. Adzakhala maziko chitsanzo, Arc chachiwiri yomweyo kuchotsa kwa mayiko. Gawani chidutswa m'magulu asanu ofanana ndi kuchepetsa utali wozungulira mtanda zigawo zonse. Zimenezi zimachitika mu angongole pamodzi zisanu zofanana Triangles isosceles. Pafupi pafupi ndi gawo pakati pa enieni semicircle yomweyo, koma mu galasi fano. Mbali chifukwa pamene sanamvere zikuwoneka ngati cones awiri. Kupanga zitsanzo zofanana onse asanu ndi limodzi. Pakuti gluing iwo kugwiritsa ntchito gawo lachiwiri, limene adzaikidwa mkati.

- Chachiwiri. Chitsanzo - nyenyezi zisanu zisonga. Tsatirani chomwecho ndalama khumi. N'kupanga polyhedron, aliyense wa nyenyezi ndi wopindidwa upwardly malekezero anaika mkati mbali conical ndipo Pamilunguyo nkhope.

Full mlandu chithunzi analandira polumikiza zina awiri chipika zigawo za pepala, amawatenga mkati. Kumutsatira mankhwala ndi mabvuto mokwanira kuti iwo mosiyana kukula. Latha chitsanzo cha pepala polyhedra si mophweka kuonjezera. Sikokwanira pongofuna amakumbukira malire onse akunja. Tiyenera scaled payokha aliyense wa nkhope. Mwa njira imeneyi n'zotheka wodziwitsidwa buku pakukula mwa chitsanzo choyambirira. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri zotsimikizira ndi polyhedron, zimapangitsa izo sizivuta, monga adzakhala zokwanira kuonjezera workpiece koyamba, zomwe wachita chiwerengero chofunika mbali.