Anti-thanki - chida kuti akasinja kugonja. ATGM "Kornet": specifications luso

Anti-thanki motsogozedwa chida (ATGM) - chida cholinga makamaka kulimbana ndi mdani magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuwononga mfundo yamalinga, kulasa mipherezero otsika mbalame ndi ntchito zina.

mwachidule

Kutsogoleredwa mivi ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri odana ndi chida system (ATGM), amene mulinso odana thanki chida Launcher ndi malangizo kachitidwe. Monga gwero mphamvu ntchito otchedwa mafuta olimba, ndi warhead (Cu) zambiri amathandiza mphako mlandu.

Popeza akasinja amakono anayamba kukonzekeretsa gulu zida ndi machitidwe chitetezo yogwira zazikulu, latsopano mivi odana thanki Komanso kusinthika. Mu malo umodzi tandem KUTENTHA warhead anabwera zipolopolo. Childs, izi ndi awiri anakonza chimodzi kuseri kwa ena chokhala mlandu. Pamene iwo anapanga successively kuphulika awiri chokhala ndege kukhala zosavuta zida malowedwe. Ngati limodzi oikidwa "stitches" 600 mamilimita homogeneous zida, ndi tandem - 1200 mamilimita kapena zambiri. Zinthu chitetezo zazikulu "siuzimitsidwa" kokha mtsinje loyamba ndi lachiwiri luso kumatula sanataye.

Komanso, odana thanki akhoza zokuzira ndi warhead thermobaric, amene amalenga zotsatira za buku kuphulika. Pamene amayamba sprayed aerosol mabomba mu mawonekedwe a mitambo, kenako detonates, kuphimba yokulirapo danga zone moto.

Izi mitundu ya munitions ndi ATGM "Kornet" (Russian Federation), "Milan" (France-Germany), "nthungo" (USA), "kukwera" (Israeli) ndi ena.

Maziko a THE

Ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri roketi-injini grenade (RPG) mu Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, iwo angathe kukumana ndi oyenda odana thanki chitetezo. Zomwe RPG yowotcha osiyanasiyana kunapezeka kuti n'zosatheka, chifukwa cha liwiro ndi wozengereza munitions a mtundu wa zosiyanasiyana ndi lolondola sanakwaniritse ziyeneretso ntchito kulimbana magalimoto oti muli nazo zida pa mtunda wa pa 500 meters. Oyenda mayunitsi amafuna wogwira mtima zida odana thanki, likhoza kuwononga akasinja pa mtunda wautali. odana thanki motsogozedwa chida - odana thanki unakhazikitsidwa kuti akonze vuto la zolondola kuwombera losatha.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

The maphunziro oyamba pa chitukuko cha mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane chida zida inayamba mu 40s zaka mazana makumi awiri. A yojambula weniweni chitukuko cha mitundu yatsopano ya zida munapanga Germany, kulenga mu 1943 woyamba X-7 odana thanki kachitidwe dziko Rotkaeppchen (anamasuliridwa kuti "Little Red atakwera nyumba"). Ndi chitsanzo ichi, ndipo akuyamba nkhani ya odana thanki zida odana thanki.

Ndi chilengedwe cha Rotkaeppchen olimba BMW »yopita ku lamulo la Wehrmacht mu 1941, koma oyenera udindo German pa amadzibisa wa chifukwa chokana lapansi. Komabe, kale mu 1943 ku chilengedwe cha chotero roketi anali koma kuyamba. Ntchito anali kuyang'anira ndi Dr. M. Kramer, yemwe ankagwira naye ntchito German Utumiki wa Aviation mivi mndandanda ndege pansi pa chizindikiro «X».

Kaperekedwe X-7 Rotkaeppchen

Ndipotu, odana ndi chida X-7 ankamuona ngati kupitiriza «X» zino, chifukwa ankagwiritsa ntchito njira apangidwa a mtundu umenewu mivi. The nyumba anali kutalika 790 mm, awiri - 140 mm. Tailplane stabilizer anali Roketi ndi chipsyepsye awiri wokwera pa ndodo arcuate kutuluka ulamuliro pamalo a zone mpweya otentha a olimba (ufa) a injini. Onse muyezo ali mu mawonekedwe a washers ndi mbale wokanika (trimmers), amene ntchito ngati zikepe ndi chiwongolero wa kasinthasintha PTUR.

Zida kwa nthawi anali woukira boma. Kuonetsetsa mtendere wa roketi mu ndege, izo imazungulira ngati nguli kotenga pa liwiro la kusintha awiri pa mphindi. Ndi wapadera wagawo kuchedwa ulamuliro chizindikiro kudyetsedwa kwa ulamuliro ndege (trimmers) akakhala mu malo. Mchira gawo ali powerplant bimodal WASAG olimba engine. Chokhala warhead anagonjetsa 200 mm zida.

Mu dongosolo ulamuliro zikuphatikizapo kuwundana olimba lophimba ulamuliro chiwongolero actuators, lamulo kulandira mayunitsi, komanso likudzandira awiri chingwe. Dongosolo kulamulira amagwiritsa njira, amene tsopano amatchedwa "njira mfundo zitatu."

m'badwo woyamba ATGM

Nkhondo itatha, mayiko wopambana ntchito zipambano za Germany kupanga awo ATGM. Zida za mtundu uwu amapezeka kuti zingamuthandize kwambiri kulimbana magalimoto oti muli nazo zida kutsogolo, ndi pakati pa 50s ndi zitsanzo woyamba limodzi ndi arsenals a dziko.

m'badwo woyamba ATGM machitidwe akhala bwino m'nkhondo lankhondo la 50-70-ntchentche. Popeza palibe umboni zopelekedwa ntchito polimba German "Red atakwera nyumba" (ngakhale kuti linatulutsidwa pa 300 zidutswa), woyamba motsogozedwa mzinga, ntchito pankhondo yaikulu (Egypt, 1956), anali French chitsanzo Nord SS.10. Mofanana pa 1967 Six Tsiku nkhondo pakati pa maiko Arab ndi Isiraeli analidi Soviet ATGM "Baby", Soviet Union kupereka asilikali a Aigupto.

Ntchito odana thanki: kuukira

m'badwo woyamba zida kumafuna kusamala yokonza muvi. Pamene inu fungatirani a warhead ndi wotsatira mphamvu yakutali amagwiritsa zomwezo mfundo zitatu:

• crosshair;
• Roketi pa njira yodutsamo ndi;
• kugunda chandamale.

Ndi wozengereza mpirawo, ndi woyendetsa kudzera riflescope ayenera imodzi kuyan'ana reticle tracer projectile ndi yogwedeza chandamale, ndipo pamanja popanga malamulo kulamulira. Iwo zimafalitsidwa kwa chida cha m'ngalawa ndi waya, trailing kumbuyo kwake. ntchito zawo amaika malire PTUR liwiro: 150-200 m / s.

Ngati zidutswa usokoneze waya mu kutentha kwa nkhondo, chipolopolo amakhala unmanageable. Low airspeed kulola magalimoto oti muli nazo zida kuti Papayu evasive (ngati mtunda), ndi mawerengedwe, anakakamizika kusamalira njira yodutsamo wa warhead, anali ofooka. Komabe, Mwina kumenya mkulu kwambiri - 60-70%.

M'badwo wachiwiri: a Launch ATGM

zida lenileni lochokera kwa m'badwo woyamba wa osiyana mivi theka-motsogozedwa kulasa. Ndiko, ndi woyendetsa mlandu ntchito wapakatikati - kutsatira njira yodutsamo wa projectile lapansi. Ntchito yake ndi kusunga chizindikiro aiming pa chandamale, ndipo "zida anzeru" anamanga ku chida lokha akutumiza kudzudzulidwa lamulo. dongosolo umagwira ntchito pa mfundo za mfundo ziwiri.

Komanso, ena wachiwiri m'badwo ATGM yophatikiza latsopano malangizo dongosolo - kulanda lamulo la laser mtengo. Izi kwambiri kumawonjezera chiyambi-mmwamba zosiyanasiyana ndipo amalola ntchito mivi ndi ndege liwiro apamwamba.

PTUR m'badwo wachiwiri ukulamulidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• pa mawaya ( "Milan», ERYX);
• kutetezedwa ndi mafurikwense kuthetsa wailesi ( "chrysanthemum");
• ndi laser mtengo ( «mphalasa», TRIGAT, «Dehlavi").

Point kuti mode mfundo n'zotheka kuonjezera Mwina kudzuka kwa 95%, koma ndi dongosolo yikidwa mawaya ulamuliro adzapulumutsa warhead malire liwiro.

mbadwo wacitatu

mayiko asamukira amasulidwe ku mbadwo wachitatu odana thanki, mfundo yaikulu ya ndilo Mwambi wa "moto ndi kuiwala". Wothandizira chabe cholinga ndi kukhazikitsa chiyambi munition, ndi "wochenjera" zida ndi matenthedwe kulingalira homing mutu kugwira ntchito mu uthunthu infuraredi, payokha kugwira malangizo chinthu anasankha. dongosolo kwambiri kumawonjezera see ndi mawerengedwe kupulumuka ndipo, chotero, bwanji mphamvu ya nkhondo.

Ndipotu, maofesi awa kupanga ndi kugulitsa okha US ndi Israel. American "nthungo» (FGM 148 nthungo), «chilombo» (mdani), Israeli "kukwera» (kukwera) - kwambiri patsogolo kunyamula ATGM. Information pa zida zikusonyeza kuti ambiri mwa zitsanzo za akasinja chitetezo pamaso pawo. machitidwe Amenewa si monga kudzikonda kwachititsa zida, koma amamumenya iye mu gawo pachiopsezo - Chigawo chapamwamba.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Mfundo "moto ndi kuiwala" kumawonjezera mlingo wa moto, choncho sayenda mawerengedwe. Komanso bwino ntchito zida. Mwina kumenya chandamale wachitatu-m'badwo ATGM theoretically ndi 90%. Zochita mdani mwina ntchito opto-pakompyuta yimitsira kachitidwe, omwe amachepetsa Mwachangu homing chida. Komanso, nyamuka kwambiri mtengo wa pa bolodi zida chiongoko ndi akuphunzitsa mivi infuraredi homing zinachititsa kuti kukwera mtengo kwa kuwombera pa. Choncho, panopa chabe mayiko angapo ayamba lachitatu m'badwo ATGM.

Russian flagship

Pa msika manja padziko lonse Russian ATGM "Kornet". Zikomo ulamuliro wake laser amatanthauza m'badwo wa "2+" (mbadwo wachitatu mu Russia palibe). Zovuta ali ndi makhalidwe oyenera okhudza chiŵerengero "mtengo / phindu". Ngati ntchito ya mtengo "nthungo" amafunika kulungamitsidwa aakulu, "mphalasa", monga momwe akunenera, simusamala - kugwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri modes onse a nkhondo. kuwombera wake osiyanasiyana si mkulu: 5,5-10 Km. kachitidwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito akafuna kunyamula, komanso atakwera galimoto.

Pali zosintha zina izi:

• ATGM "Kornet-E" - dongosolo bwino ndi osiyanasiyana 10 Km ndi zida malowedwe kumbuyo nyengo mu 1300 mm.
• "Kornet-EM" - kwambiri wamakono wa iwowa akhoza kuponyera pansi mipherezero airborne, makamaka Helicopters ndi drones.
• "Mphalasa-T" ndi "mphalasa-T1" - ainjini launchers.
• "Kornet-E" - katundu Baibulo (ATGM "Kornet E").

Zida akatswiri Tula ngakhale wolemekezeka kwambiri, ngakhale amawanena kuti kupanda efficacy wokhudza zida gulu ndi zazikulu za akasinja yamakono ya NATO.

Features ano ATGM

Ntchito yaikulu ya pamaso mizinga atsopano motsogozedwa - kugunda thanki iliyonse, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa zida. M'zaka zaposachedwapa pakhala mtundu mini-manja pamene kupikisana thanki omanga ndi ndiAmene ATGM. The chida umakhala zowononga ndi zida - cholimba.

Popeza anali kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri chitetezo amaphatikiza molumikizana ndi wochitachita mivi ano odana thanki amagwiritsidwa zida ndi zipangizo zina, omwe amaonjezera Mwina kumenya mipherezero. Mwachitsanzo, miyala zili ndi malangizo apadera mutu yomwe kuchepetsa zida chokhala pa mtunda akadakwanitsira kuti zipangitsa mapangidwe ndi Jets kwambiri chokhala.

Chitsanzo anali kugwiritsa ntchito mabomba tandem ndi zokwana kwa thanki zida malowedwe ndipo pamodzi ndi chitetezo zazikulu. Komanso, kukuza kuchuluka kwa ntchito ATRA iwo anapanga zida ndi zokwana thermobaric. Odana ndi thanki maofesi mbadwo wachitatu ntchito munitions kuti kuuka kwa pamwamba kwambiri pamene tipemphela chandamale ndi kuukira izo, swooping mu padenga la nsanjayo ndi nkhani kumene zochepa zida chitetezo.

Ntchito mu dongosolo odana thanki ntchito m'nyumba "zofewa-kuyamba» (Eryx) - kuyambira injini zida za kuti zimatulutsa pa liwiro otsika. Pambuyo kuchotsedwa kwa woyendetsa (a choyambitsa gawo) ndi mtunda wina m'gulu amatisamalira galimoto yomwe propels ndi projectile.

Pomaliza

kachitidwe Anti-thanki ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zothandiza kulimbana ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Iwo ikhoza kusunthidwa pamanja, anapereka magalimoto onse oti muli nazo zida ndi ndege, ndi magalimoto wamba. M'malo mwa odana thanki m'badwo 2 kubwera mivi bwino homing, wodzazidwa ndi nzeru zochita kupanga.