Kodi kupeza buku la yamphamvu ndi?

Mawu "yamphamvu" amabwera kwa ife kuchokera Greek - «κύλινδρος» - mu Russian zikutanthauza "mpukutu" kapena "siketing'i rink", koma ali ndi matanthauzo atatu kuti imakhudzana ndi mfundo ziwirizi.

Choyamba - thupi zojambula zomwe aumbike mwa kasinthasintha kuzungulira mmodzi wa m'mbali mwa rectangle lapansi. Njira yachiwiri ntchito udindo mbali kapena zipangizo, mwachitsanzo, "The pisitoni" kapena "yamphamvu injini." zipewa Amuna akhale ndi mawonekedwe lolingana - lachitatu.

Funso la "mmene kudziwa buku la yamphamvu ya?" Ndi bwino mfundo ziwiri zoyambirira mu njira ya mavuto zojambula. Ndi zogwirizana mu maphunziro, sayansi kapena luso (kamangidwe, unsembe, zomangamanga, anakonza mpandawo, etc.) ndondomeko, komanso moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku. Pakuti nkhani lachitatu ndi kukamba za liniya miyeso nduwira, zomwe kudziwa kalembedwe ake ndi kukula.

Yankho la funso: "momwe kupeza buku la yamphamvu ndi" kudzadalira mtundu wa thupi zojambula. zonenepa ndi angled kapena molunjika, komanso zozungulira, elliptical, hyperbolic, parabolic.

Nthawi zambiri mawu kumvetsa bwino zozungulira thupi. Iwo akhoza ankayimiridwa ngati malo amene njanjira ndi awiri kufanana wofanana kukula ndi mawonekedwe ndege bwalo ndi pamwamba mbali mu mawonekedwe a rectangle (zinachitika), awiri zosiyana mbali ya zomwe zingasiyane ndi mzere, nkombero kumufotokozera pamalo awa yomweyi. The mbali pamwamba perpendicular kwa iwo. mikangano yonse wotsatira m'nkhani ino likugwirizana mwachindunji ndi yamphamvu bwino zozungulira, monga malongosoledwe a mtundu wina aliyense angakhoze kukhala mutu osiyana.

Kumvetsa mmene kuwerengera buku la yamphamvu, ndi kumathandizanso kutanthauzira mawu "buku". Izo ntchito monga muyezo kachulukidwe wa danga kuti amatenga mankhwala kapena thupi. Iwo ali pa ubwenzi wabwino ndi lingaliro la "mphamvu", ndiye ndi mphamvu, khama miyeso liniya ndi mawonekedwe, kuti akomere chotengera kapena chidebe kuchuluka kwa chinachake. Voliyumu ya yamphamvu ya imakhala nkhani yapadera ya maganizo "voliyumu ya thupi." Izo zikhoza kukhala mu mawonekedwe a dera la, kyubu, polyhedron aliyense, phirilo ndi zina zotero.

Voliyumu ya yamphamvu ndi ntchito akasinja sitima, sipangakhalenso kusamutsidwa 38 M3 (tonnes 35) zinthu ngati mankhwala monga styrene, kapena 73 M3 (55 matani) wa mafuta Super Yuro-98. Pakuti injini kuyaka mkati zofunika kapangidwe chizindikiro ndi buku ntchito. Izo zimatengera mphamvu ndi makhalidwe ena: pakuti mlandu ang'ono mpaka malita 1.1, chifukwa krupnolitrazhnyh - malita oposa 3.5.

Choncho pambuyo pa zonse, kodi kupeza buku la yamphamvu ya? chiwerengerochi, komanso thupi wina aliyense, malinga ndi dera ndi kuchulukitsa msinkhu wake, malinga ndi kukula ndi mawonekedwe a gawo mtanda wake nthawi imene pamodzi kutalika kwa chomwecho.

Mwachitsanzo, thupi kupanga phirilo kapena dera njira si abwino. Tikutsata ndondomeko za kuwerengetsa buku la yamphamvu bwino zozungulira tingasonyezere monga chotsatira cha π chiwerengero (masamu zonse wofanana 3.14) ndi m'bwalo la utali wozungulira wa (r Mukhoza liri theka m'mimba mwake) wa litayamba atagona pa m'munsi mwa yamphamvu ndi kutalika yamphamvu (h): V = π • R2 • h.

Chotero ukulu ngati utali wozungulira ndi kutalika chiyenera chionetsedwe mwa mayunitsi (ngati msinkhu meters, ndiye osiyanasiyana moyo ayenera yafotokozedwera meters): mm, cm, DM, m, Km. Ndiye, buku mu mm3 analandira cm3, dm3 (l), mamita 3 km3, motero. Zitsanzo anapatsidwa ndi yaikulu wagawo opangidwa kuchokera zokhudza dongosolo SI.

Iwo ntchito koma anaiwononga, ndi zina mayunitsi sanali SI wa muyeso, monga painti, Kilogalamu imodzi, galoni, mbiya ndi zina. Vuto: mmene tingapezere voliyumu ya kutalika yamphamvu ya 5 mamita ndi utali wozungulira 2 m? Yankho: V = 3,14 • 2 • 2 • 5 = 62.8 M3.

Zitsanzo izi zikuonekeratu kuti zolinga anakonza mu mawonekedwe a funso, "kodi kupeza buku la yamphamvu chiyani?" Kodi zofunika kwambiri zothandiza. Anasankha anakumana ntchito yawo yeniyeni ndi akatswiri a ukatswiri zosiyanasiyana. Gasmen mafuta alimi ndi awerenge chiwerengero cha gasi amawapopa, mafuta kapena mafuta ena mankhwala kudzera mapaipi. Pamene buku ili la yamphamvu ya anatsimikiza, kutalika umene uli wofanana ndi kutalika kwa chitoliro ndi m'mimba mwake kudziwika mkati.

Refiners ndi petrochemical mankhwala masamu buku (mpweya kapena madzi) mukumveka thanki wa mawonekedwe cylindrical, podziwa miyeso zojambula za chipangizo capacitive ndi kutalika kwa madzi anatsanulira m'menemo. N'chimodzimodzinso ndi china chilichonse (chakudya mankhwala kapena fakitale petrochemical) wodzala mu mbiya, mabotolo galasi kapena muli zina za mawonekedwe cylindrical.

Mwini aliyense amene wakhala kuphika, mukhoza kuwerengera kuchuluka kwa mankhwala agulidwa kapena anazitsanulira mwa chotengera cylindrical, chifukwa ndi okwanira kudziwa m'mimba mwake ndi kutalika kwa kudzazidwa chidebe.