Chikhulupiriro chamakono wa maphunziro ndi ntchito zake mu mapangidwe umunthu

Maphunziro ndi cholinga chitukuko cha munthu monga munthu wapadera. Imakhala kusintha kwa mphamvu yake yolenga ndi makhalidwe abwino kumanga chizolowezi chikhalidwe ndi chilengedwe cha zinthu makhalidwe kuti mwana magawo oyambirira, anayamba ndi bwino.

zamakono chiphunzitso cha maphunziro chimakhala chachibadwa kaphatikizidwe, maganizo ndiponso nzeru. Yotchuka kwambiri iwo amatchedwa behaviorism, Wachiwiri-Thomism, Wachiwiri-positivism ndi pragmatism. Mbali wamba mfundo izi zikhoza kuganiziridwa kuonetsa a anthu ndi cholinga pa kulera kudziletsa osauka, free umunthu.

Chikhulupiriro chamakono cha maphunziro - Chitani chitsanzo, anthropocentric chitsanzo, maphunziro aulere, komanso ena, kuphatikizapo: zaumunthu, technocratic.

Mu maphunziro lingaliro lakuti Chitani chitsanzo. Kamwana kupatsira zinachitikira ndi chidziwitso, kutenga nkhani msinkhu wake zotheka - ndiko njira imene angaphunzile iwo pomwepo.

Pa mfundo munthu monga chitsanzo kwathunthu dongosolo zochokera anthropocentric. dongosolo ndi lotsegula, liri zikusintha ndi kusinthidwa chifukwa chakuti mogwirizana ndi dzikoli. malamulo aliyense wa ndondomeko ya maphunziro si, wamphumphu si.

Iwo amapanga chidwi ndi mfundo zofunika za maphunziro aulere. chitsanzo ichi umalimbana maphunziro a munthu ufulu woyang'anira moyo wake, kusankha mfundo zonse za moyo.

Chikhulupiriro chamakono cha maphunziro monga ziphunzitso zingapo chachikulu - iwo ndiwo anayambitsa zamaganizo wotchuka ndi nzeru ena. Izi psychoanalytic chiphunzitso A. Gesell, Freud; chiphunzitso chidziwitso cha Piaget, John Dewey; Khalidwe (khalidwe) chiphunzitso cha BF Skinner, D. Locke, D. Watson; zokana Maslow, Carl Rogers.

Ngakhale kuti iwo mosiyana kwa chikhulupiriro chamakono cha maphunziro anamanga pa malamulo ambiri; maphunziro chikuchitika mu ubwenzi ndi maphunziro, komabe chimachititsa kwambiri; Mphamvu ya maphunziro zimadalira ntchito educability ndi mmene m'gulu njira; Zotsatira ndi Amayesetsanso ndi kugwirizana zonse zam'mwamba structural amene amapanga ndondomeko izi: zolinga ndi njira, komanso zinthu zimene kumvetsa ndi mphunzitsi ndi mwana.

Mfundo zikuluzikulu sayansi ya maphunziro monga njira mawu, zithunzi ndi othandiza. Pali malo angapo chachikulu mfundo amakono a maphunziro a munthu: kubwezeretsa kwa boma kufunika mu maphunziro a mbadwo watsopano; kuwonjezera udindo wa boma, mabungwe ena; kubwezeretsedwa makalata pakati pa zili maphunziro ndi zofuna za munthu, amene anakulira, boma ndi anthu; kuwonjezeka udindo wa ntchito yophunzitsa mu mapangidwe zipilala latsopano yofunika achinyamata. Chikhulupiriro chamakono cha maphunziro lolunjika makamaka chakuti mawonekedwe mu chizindikiro chikhalidwe cha mwanayo.

mabungwe ambiri chikhalidwe adakali ntchito zitsanzo chakale cha maphunziro. dongosolo lino chothandiza boma kuti achinyamata mwayi kuphunzira ndi chidziwitso ntchito njira zamakono atsopano mogwirizana ndi zofunikira za anthu masiku ano. Ofunika kwa mphamvu ya maphunziro ndi umunthu wa mphunzitsi ndi chamtendere, mkulu mlingo wa onse ndi chikhalidwe pedagogical, ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu zomwe kudziwa ambiri ndi kaonedwe yotakata, yamtunduwu akatswiri luso pedagogical, luso bwana ndi gulu.