Kodi kuwerengera padziko dera la chitoliro ndi

Mawu akuti "chubu padziko dera" kumene Masamu amakhala ofunika pa unsembe ndi kumanga. zitini chizindikiro utoto zizindikiro zambiri mwachindunji kapena mozungulira za mowa zinthu pa mita lalikulu 1 padziko.

Mawerengedwe a quadrature padziko pansi, makoma ndipo zitseko imagwiridwa ndi kuchulukitsa m'litali ndi m'lifupi chinthu. Kuyeza tepi kukula zipinda mfundo zothandiza kuti kompyuta mbuye.

Koma popanda pamalo amakona anayi mu maukonde kunyumba mwachidule madzi, kutentha ndi mpweya. Kudziwa ntchito ndalama pansi pa dzina "mipope kupenta" adzakhala kuwerengetsa m'dera pamwamba.

Kodi kutsatira zachitsulo zinthu atatu azithunzi omwe tikunena

The Russian chitoliro wobala magulu sikisi;

mankhwala kalasi	dera ntchito
1	Transport wa madzi ndi mpweya pa mochedwerako. Kupanga nyumba wothandiza pa ntchito ya zomangamanga.
2	Yonyamula mafuta ndi madzi pansi kuthamanga ndi otsika kuthamanga
3	Zingwe aggregates kuti akafuna ntchito pa kutentha ndi kuthamanga
4	Mungasankhe tikubooleza zitsime m'munda mafuta
5	Kuchitira zinthu kamangidwe ka magalimoto, ngolo, cranes
6	mbali Billet makampani zomangamanga: amalandira, mayendedwe, injectors yamphamvu.

Kupanga katundu zitsulo ndi pulasitiki konkire ndi PVC. Pamene 90 peresenti ya zipangizo Osiyana zomangamanga mapulani kuti ndimeyi mpweya madzi, ndi kutentha chitsulo anapanga Russia. Zitsulo amafuna chitetezo dzimbiri. Kuwerengetsa kuchuluka kwa ❖ kuyanika zoteteza ndi mawerengedwe a m'dera padziko chubu.

Ntchito mawerengedwe chilinganizo

Information za squaring pamwamba akunja mosiyanasiyana ndi zozungulira zifunika okonza, kuchuluka oyeza, installers ndi kapewedwe amisiri ndi kukonza zida Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuthetsa mavuto:

1. Kuchuluka kwa ikukhudzana dongosolo mphamvu "apansi ofunda" kapena radiators.

2. thupi amatayika pa zoyendera mfundo yobereka kwa Intaneti kwa malire.

3. Gwero la ndalama za chitetezo zitsulo dzimbiri. zinthu thunthu TACHIMATA ndi bituminous utoto ndi varnish. The mawerengedwe enieni a m'dera kudzakuletsani asamadye utoto.

4. Chiwerengero kufunika kwa mfundo zokutira zitsulo. Mwachitsanzo, mtunda kuchokera zobwezedwa kwa CHP nyumba Pamudzi ndi makilomita 2. Kutalika kwa malo nyumba - makilomita atatu. Total Intaneti makilomita 5 msana amafuna kutchinjiriza. m'dera masamu popanda ndalama adadzonga ya zachuma kwa ogulidwa ubweya mchere, fiberglass ndi aluminum zojambulazo.

Mkati chitoliro si mtundu ndipo kupatulako. Koma kudziwa malo mkati kuli koyenera kuwerengera mathamangidwe madzi. Waukulu madzi chitoliro awiri a 1.4 mamita madzi mikangano pa khoma mkati akhoza kuwasamalira. Koma pa nyumba ndi awiri a 20-30 masentimita patatha zaka 10 ntchito, atathana miyala ya mchere. Dzimbiri worsens chikhalidwe cha makoma mkati, mlingo wa madzi yafupika.

cylindrical kapangidwe

Bwino tione overpass - ndi yamphamvu ndi awiri chomwecho pa chiyambi ndi mapeto. Mawerengedwe a m'dera la pamwamba chitoliro kwa kupenta ndi kutchinjiriza matenthedwe amathera maganizo anachekedwa pamodzi dongosolo, ife kupeza rectangle ndi magawo zotsatirazi:

T - kutalika chithunzi, wolingana ndi kutalika mankhwala.

W - m'lifupi manambalawo, wofanana circumferential kutalika linings.

utali chimaonekera, m'mimba mwake D ikusonyezedwa mu kukoma inki chitoliro mapeto kapena manyazi.

The circumference wa yamphamvu ndi kuchita masamu ndi kuchulukitsa m'mimba mwake D kuti "ku Pihahiroti" nthawi zonse. chiwerengero cha "ku Pihahiroti" iyankha asanu malo decimal 3,14159. Ife tikupeza m'dera P wa cylindrical chubu.

P = T W *

P = 3,14159 * D * T

Mzere kutalika 5 Km ndi awiri a 1.0 mamita muyenera kujambula m'dera

3,14159 * 1,0 * 5000 = 15708 sq.m.

Owerenga chidwi angalenge chizindikiro amagetsi mu pulogalamuyi amakhoza kuwerengera m'dera la mtundu wa mapaipi, kuti kupeza nthawi zonse Chiwerengero.

Mwatsatanetsatane mawonekedwe a chulucho truncated

Mipope ntchito osati zozungulira mtanda gawo, koma amakona anayi kapena chowulungika mu gawo mtanda. Makulidwe kumalekezero zingakhale zosiyana kwa magawo a kumapeto chachiwiri, mwachitsanzo, mu chitoliro mu mawonekedwe a chulucho truncated. Chitsanzo cha phirilo truncated zikuwoneka ndowa yachibadwa. awiri pansi ang'onoang'ono kuposa awiri pamwamba pa ndowa ya.

Science masamu ndipo apa pakubwera kuwapulumutsa. Muyezo chilinganizo dera padziko chubu mu mawonekedwe a chulucho truncated chiri motere:

P = 3.14159 * (P + P) * T, kumene

N - pamwamba m'dera anakhumba;

R - ndi utali wozungulira awiri akuluakulu;

r Mukhoza - ndi utali wozungulira awiri ang'onoang'ono;

T - kutalika kwa mankhwala.

Utali wozungulira - theka awiri a. Kumbukirani kuti malekezero a kulemba ili.

Tiyeni ngalande anapanga magawo makonda ndi F = 1.0 mamita ndi tsa = 0,8 m. Utali wa 1 Km adzatenga. Ndiye lakunja chitoliro padziko dera ndi wofanana ndi:

P _N = * 3.1415 (1.0 + 0.8) * 1000 = 2827 sq.m.

Pamwamba mkati mbali

awiri Mumtima amalembedwa pa gawo mapeto. Popeza Tags mbewu mkati mwake "B" wa chitoliro ndi kuchita masamu pogwiritsa ntchito njira:

B = D - 2 * C, kumene C - khoma makulidwe.

Komanso mawerengedwe mumtima chubu padziko dera ikuchitika ndi chilinganizo kale, koma m'malo ntchito chizindikiro D chizindikiro "B".

P _mu = 3,1415 * B * T

Tikaonanso chitsanzo pamwamba ndi yamphamvu kwambiri. Mumadziwika magawo kuwonjezera khoma makulidwe C = 0.1m. Ndiye, pamwamba Malo phirilo wophiphiritsa

P _mu = 3.14159 * (1.0 - 0.1 * 2) * 5000 = 12566 sq.m.

posungira kutentha

N'kumawotha mipope kutentha kumachepetsa kutentha imfa osati mu mzere chapakati, komanso mu chipinda chochuluka kumene dera pakati pa kukatentha ndi zipinda moyo umadutsa zipinda wothandiza ozizira.

heaters kusiyana mu madutsidwe matenthedwe ndi njira ya unsembe amafuna kusankha kuganizira unsembe malo ndi katundu zakuthupi. Opanga kupereka mitundu yambiri ya zinthu kutchinjiriza:

• ubweya mu kudula masikono; Pambuyo kuzimata padziko chitoliro ndi omangika waya kubisala pamwamba zojambulazo zotayidwa kapena denga anamva;
• basalt ubweya mu mbale ya; phiri luso ngati galasi;
• chubu kusintha zopangidwa foamed polyethylene zojambulazo ndi kudula pamodzi m'nkhaniyi ogwiritsa; ntchito zopezera ukachenjede;
• kutchinjiriza madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito mipope ayikidwako pamene palibe malo kuzemba ndi zipangizo zina.
• thovu monga amachepetsa awiri detachable wa chitoliro ndi; pamene ogwiritsa chipolopolo amachepetsa anayikidwa pa chubu, ndi limagwirizana ndi wotetezedwa ndi kumanga tepi; kutchinjiriza wa thovu ntchito mobwerezabwereza.

Area zakuthupi ❖ kuyanika zimadalira kutchinjiriza makulidwe. Chilinganizo kutchinjiriza padziko dera mu nkhani iyi ndi iyi:

P = 3,14159 * A * T * K, kumene

D - kunja m'mimba mwake wa chitoliro ndi;

T - kutalika kwa chubu;

K - ndi variable kudzudzulidwa Chinthu kwa makulidwe a kutchinjiriza ndi.

Kuwerengetsa m'dera la chotenthetsera cholinga toŵerengera yomanga.

Dye chubu

Pa Volume kujambula chitoliro zitsulo _kupeza kutchinjiriza mfundo

About _K = P * Y, kumene

About _to - kuchuluka kwa utoto;

N - m'dera padziko chitoliro ndi;

Y - mlingo yeniyeni otaya utoto padziko mita lalikulu 1 (kuti kujambula chizindikiro).

Kumwa inki amusankha kuti pamalo zitsulo zochokera chiwerengero cha zigawo ntchito.

Iwo anapanga maganizo chidziwitso - ndi zotsala mutu wake pambuyo anaphunzira kuiwalika. Ndi bwino kukumbukira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso tingaphunzire mu sukulu. Mlembi ikufuna kuti owerenga nkhani adzapindula ndi kusintha maganizo anu.