Kodi kuwerengera udindo sociometric?

Njira, amene anali mwakuchita Dzhekob Levi Moreno, ntchito matenda a intergroup ndi mabwenzi lotha, ingakuthandizeni anapereka udindo sociometric, kusintha, kusintha ndi bwino ndi izi. Sociometry komanso amatilola kuphunzira kufanizitsa khalidwe la anthu pa anthu, kuti uweruze chikhalidwe ndi maganizo ngakhale anthu ntchito ndi gulu.

Zabwino kapena zoipa sociometric udindo - kuonetseredwa kwa makhalidwe, chomwe ndi mbali ya kapangidwe sociometric ndipo ali pali ena okhudza malo malo (ayi - locus). Izi zikutanthauza kuti ri kuchuluka kwa zokonda ndi kukanidwa Pawokha analandira kuchokera kwa anthu amene azungulira. The katundu gulu dongosolo amapatsidwa kwa wina mchitidwe, koma ndi kwambiri m'goli, chotero kwa kusanthula poyerekeza aliyense ubale chimaonekera ndipo amaimira chiwerengero. Izi ndi index odetsedwa sociometric. Yowerengera Mwachitsanzo wapatsidwa m'nkhani ino.

Zolinga sociometry

sociometric muyeso ndondomeko Zimathandizanso kudziwa mlingo wa dissociation ndi cohesion mu gululo, ndipo kudziwa malo m'lingaliro sociometric chiŵerengero ulamuliro pa maziko a amakonda ndi zimene amadana nazo. Motero, ndipo mizati osiyana a anthu amene apatsidwa udindo sociometric, monga mtsogoleri kapena wakunja. Komanso mkati mwa gulu mukufuna kupeza subsystem, anathandiza maphunziro ena, amene akhoza kukhala atsogoleri awo mwamwayi. Activities pansi mfundo imeneyi zimathandiza kuti muyeso wa atsogoleri a ulamuliro - ndi osankhidwa ndi osasankhidwa, kuti ndiye tipezenso mphamvu ndi magulu a anthu kuchepetsa mavuto gulu, amene amayambitsidwa ndi kusakonda a anthu, nthawi zambiri mangawawo.

udindo Sociometric anatsimikiza ndi njira yeniyeni, ikuchitika ndi gulu. Sidzitengera yaitali, kotala ndithu ola limodzi, koma umabweretsa kwambiri phindu. Njira makamaka zabwino kafukufuku ntchito, omwe akugwira ntchito pa bwino ubale.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa kachirombo sociometric sizikutanthauza kuti mavuto onse adzathetsedwa usiku, ndithudi, izi si njira kwakukulu kuchotsa kwapakati pa-voltages. Ndipo chifukwa m'pofunika kufufuzanso zambiri, osati mu amakonda munthu ndipo safuna gulu la. Kodi mavuto amenewa kwambiri magwero kwambiri zobisika. Kudalirika sociometric ndondomeko zimatengera kwenikweni yeniyeni i Kusankha ndi kulamulira kwa pulogalamu awo kufufuza, ndipo ankadziwa titani limatchula za ubwenzi mu gulu.

ndondomeko sociometric

Chiwembu ambiri a kanthu ali motere: Choyamba, kuika kuphunzira vuto ndi kayesedwe zinthu anasankhidwa, ndipo kenako zopanga malingaliro ndi zokhudza mfundo za kafukufuku wa membala aliyense gulu. Kudzibisa sociometric ndondomeko sitingachisonyeze, kuyambira mu nkhani iyi muyeso wa sudzapereka zotsatira ankafuna. kafukufuku ayenera kuulula ankakonda komanso zimene amadana nazo makamaka, onetsetsani kuuzira zambiri anayankha osati mavuto mkati, komanso kusafuna lakuthwa kutenga nawo mbali mu kafukufukuyu.

Izi ndi mbali ya za sociometric ku koleji zaka omvera ku asukulu. Apa ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe makadi, amene analemba mafunso anasankhidwa ndi muyezo, kapena kukonza kuyankhulana mtundu kafukufuku pakamwa. Yotsirizira makamaka loyenereradi ngati kuphunzira zoti kuyeza udindo sociometric mu kagulu kakang'ono.

Ndondomeko ya kafukufukuyu

Mafunso adamuyankha ndi membala aliyense wa gulu, kusankha, malingana ndi maganizo a m'kalasi ena, nduna iwo ndi zokonda poyerekeza ndi ena. Muyezo waukulu - amakonda zawo ndi zimene sakonda, kusadalira, kapena kumukhulupirira, ndi zina zotero. Mafunso ayenera kusankhidwa kuti onse akhoza kukhala kosavuta kuona chiŵerengero cha wina ndi mzake, kuti mtsogoleri, mtsogoleri mwamwayi amene timu pazifukwa zina sadzifuna. The experimenter kuwerenga mafunso awiri pansi pa kalata) ndi b), ndiye woyankha amapereka malangizo. Iwo ayenera kulemba pa mndandanda wawo maina atatu.

Mu chithunzi choyamba - munthu amene angasankhe mu malo oyamba, pansi wachiwiri - munthu amene angasankhe ngati iwo anali woyamba ndi wachitatu - amene angatenge malo, musakhale oyamba awiri. Mafunso pansi makalata akhoza kukhala ngati mukufuna, zoopseza. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mbali anayeza a za sociometric ana koleji zaka, angakhale:

• Ndani wa mwamuna ndi mkazi gulu, mungasangalale anapemphedwa kuti pokonzekera mayeso? (Dzina Choyamba, wachiwiri, wachitatu).
• Wina wa comrades wake inu sangafune mu gulu akanati kupempha, ngakhale vuto la mwadzidzidzi? (Komanso - dzina la woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu).

mafunso Zitsanzo

Kupeza momwe sociometric udindo limafanana ubale ntchito bwinobwino, nkhani ayenera yosiyana:

• Amene mukufuna kupita pa ulendo wautali malonda?
• Amene mukufuna kupita ulendo wautali?

Yachiwiri:

• Amene, maganizo anu, bwino kukwaniritsa ntchito shopu mdindo ukalamba kapena kulinganiza ena?
• Amene, maganizo anu, kudzakhala kovuta kuchita ntchito za kulinganiza chiyani?

Ndi zina zotero. Mafunso akhale zoonadi, koma n'zosavuta ikukhudzana bwanji ndi chilakolako kusankha.

Mu njira yomweyo udindo sociometric sukulu akuonetsa kuti tizidziwe ndi ubale wa anthu mu gulu. Mafunso anapangidwa pa mfundo yomweyo, koma mmalire a phunziroli. Mwachitsanzo:

• Kodi iwe amalangiza ndi vuto, ngati zikuoneka pa moyo wanu?
• Amene ku gulu mukufuna funsani munthu wa Council kapena chifukwa chiyani?

Mafunso otsatirawa:

• Amene mukufuna kugawana chipinda ogona ndi?
• Ngati gulu lanu anapanga kachiwiri, amene mukufuna kuwona gulu latsopano?

Ndipo njira ina:

• Kodi iwe kuyitanidwa ku phwando Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kubadwa wanga?
• Wina mu gulu lanu ndinu mu tsiku lanu la kubadwa sindikanafuna mukuona?

Kutsimikiza yolondola mayankho, phunziroli akhoza kuchitika mu umodzi ndi gulu lomweli kangapo, koma ndi nkhani zina.

mawonekedwe nonparametric

Border sociometric udindo anatsimikiza Kusakhazikika ndithu, ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito woyamba, si parametric mawonekedwe a kafukufuku. Komabe, zimathandiza kuti amapezeka membala aliyense wa gulu mtundu wa expansiveness maganizo, kupeza kagawo ka kapangidwe gulu zosiyanasiyana ubale lotha. Makamaka m'pofunika komanso chifukwa nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chiyambi cha phunziro, ndiyeno timu adzakhala amakonda kafukufuku zambiri moona. Kachiwiri, njira imeneyi ndi wabwino kwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, ndipo ngati ali oposa khumi ndi anthu adzafunika makompyuta kuwerengera zotsatira. Mfundo phunziroli: Aliyense nkhani akuyankha makadi mafunso popanda kuchepetsa kusankha. Ngati iye amakonda eyiti zisanu ndi zinayi (chinayi - iye), iye inscribes mayina awo m'modzi m'modzi. (Ena, makamaka wobisa olembedwa Potengela Zilembo kapena kusunga inki, kusainira ndi "kusankha zonse!")

Theoretically zotheka chiwerengero cha anasankha membala aliyense wa gulu adzakhala (N-1), kumene N - chiwerengero cha anthu mu gulu. Ndipo aliyense chilli angasankhe zofanana (N-1) kangapo. Khalidwe limeneli ndi, mwa njira, ndi nthawi yaikulu kachulukidwe zonse miyezo onse sociometric. Koma nonparametric ndondomeko kuvumbitsira wapadera kwa nkhaniyi, ndi kusankha chinthu. Ndiponso, sangathe yaikulu n'kumene kupeza osankhidwa mwachisawawa. Chikondwerero onse nkomwe kwenikweni ngati imeneyi undifferentiated dongosolo amorphous ubale ndi ena. M'malo - mumasonyeza kuti kukhulupirika yokhala ndi mwachionekere disingenuous. N'chifukwa chake ofufuza asintha njira ndondomeko motero chiwerengero cha kuchuluka Mwina osankhidwa mwachisawawa, Category sociometric udindo.

ndondomeko parametric

Mu mphindi chimake okha nambala za zisankho. Mwachitsanzo, mamembala likhoza kutchedwa mosamalitsa amodzi nambala ya maina. Ngati gulu anthu makumi awiri, wina anafunsa kusankha, mwachitsanzo, okhawo mabanja anayi kapena asanu. Amenewa amatchedwa malire kusankha kapena sociometric malire, ndipo izo ziyenera kuti kudalirika deta ndi achuluka kwambiri, imodzi zomwe processing zowerengera chuma analandira. nkhani zambiri khutu ku mayankho ndi maganizo kumva udindo chisankho chawo, choncho pafupifupi konse dissemble, kwenikweni poona okha anthu amene amasonkhana mu ulaliki wawo wa maudindo akufuna - Co-antchito, mtsogoleri kapena okondedwa.

Komanso, azisiyirana mpata yeniyeni ndi udindo zoipa sociometric. chisankho kuchepetsa Mwina wa mayankho mwachisawawa yafupika pafupifupi ziro, ndipo zimathandizanso standardize zinthu kafukufuku, ngakhale gulu chitsanzo limodzi ndi chiwerengero osiyana. Zonsezi zimathandiza kuti yerekezerani magulu osiyanasiyana zipangizo. Tsopano amaganiza kuti magulu a zoletsa mpaka twente-faifi kufunika osachepera sociometric ayenera kukhala chisankho anayi kapena asanu.

standardization

Kusiyana zofunika kwambiri pa chimake wachiwiri kuchokera ndondomeko choyamba n'chakuti sociometric zonse (N-1) akhoza kusungidwa mu dongosolo analandira okha chisankho - membala wa gululo. System kuponyedwa kusankha - ndi ophunzira mu gulu - anayeza ntchito mfundo yatsopano - D, kutanthauza sociometric chiletso. Chifukwa M'mawu ake oyamba, n'zotheka standardize zinthu zonse kunja chisankho pakati pa magulu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mtengo wa anthu d anatsimikiza kwenikweni chimodzimodzi kwa magulu onse yosankha Mwina mwachisawawa. Kudziwa n'kutheka kuti pali chilinganizo: P (A) = D / (N-1). Apa, P ndi Mwina zochitika mwachisawawa, (A) - kusankha sociometric, ndipo N - chiwerengero cha mamembala a gulu.

Kawirikawiri P (A) amusankha pafupifupi 0.20-0.30, ndipo m'malo mfundo izi mu njira pamwamba kudziwa D (ndi mtengo wa N amadziwika kuti ife), timapeza nambala anakhumba zikusonyeza sociometric chiletso mu gulu ili. Kuipa njirayi likupezeka: sikutheka kuona zosiyanasiyana onse ubale timu, kuzindikiridwa subjectively yekha limasonyeza zofunika zikugwirizananso osankhidwa okha, kulankhula lililonse, ndipo dongosolo lonse la gulu ili si bwino anafotokoza. Sociometric chiletso si kusonyeza chisoni mopanda anthu am'gululo.

khadi sociometric

Kapena khadi mbiri maphunziro sociometric analemba kale pa chomaliza chitukuko cha pulogalamu imeneyi. Mutayankha khadi, aliyense pa kafukufukuyu zisonyeze maganizo awo ku gulu lonselo pa muyezo winawake - ntchito chisankho malonda, pamodzi, zosangalatsa, ndi zina zotero. I amadalira kwambiri pa cholinga cha phunziro ndi kutsatira dongosolo, kuti zimene ndi phunziro: ubale mu gulu yopuma, kapena gulu kupanga gulu khola, kapena ndi osakhalitsa, ndi zina zotero.

Tebulo amapereka pafupifupi zili khadi amenewa.

zotsatira yowerengera

Pambuyo makadi ndi anasonkhana, anayamba masamu deta processing, motero tayenera kukhala osachepera mwachidule amatiuza mmene kuwerengera udindo sociometric. Izi zikhoza kuchitika mu njira zitatu - indeksologicheskim, mawonekedwe ndi tabular. Last yodziwika ndi chakuti zotsatira ndizodzazidwa payokha maubale ndi m'makampani. Ofukula ndi mndandanda wa mayina mu ndime yoyamba, ndipo horizontally moyang'anana - kanjedza: + 1, + 2, + 3, etc. Amatanthauza munthu amene asankhidwa kukhala woyamba, wachiwiri, ndi zina zotero onse, ndi -1, -2, -3, etc. - amene sanali kusankhidwa loyamba, lachiwiri ndi lotsatira. Reciprocity ya kusankha zabwino ndi zoipa tebulo akupha bwalo (zinayendera si).

Nditamaliza ntchito mu ofukula masamu Uwerenge algebraic onse analandira kupambana aliyense. Ndiye masamu aliyense zigoli. Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti gawo loyamba la kusankha +3 kapena -3, wachiwiri +2 kapena -2, ndi zina zotero. Ndipo anachoka yotsirizira - kuwerengera okwana algebraic ndalama, kumasulira nkhani ya udindo sociometric m'gululo.

zolozera sociometric

Apa tiyenera kusiyanitsa index munthu ndi gulu la udindo sociometric. Mwachitsanzo mawerengedwe limasonyeza kuti poyamba limafotokoza munthu katundu chikhalidwe ndi maganizo a phunziro kukhala membala wa gulu, ndipo n'zosangalatsa kumva chachiwiri momveka bwino makhalidwe a kasinthidwe lonse wosankha sociometric mu gulu pofotokoza katundu wa nyumba ya kulankhulana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati wophunzira Ivanov analandira kusankha woyamba wa mnzakeyo Petrov, Sidorov ndipo analandira kwa iye kusankha chachiwiri, ziwalo mizere makadi mizati ndi ziwalo zakonzedwa, ziwerengero kake. Ngati Ivanov Petrov komanso ndimakonda kwambiri kuposa wina aliyense, ndiye kusankha anali kwathunthu, kuti Chiwerengerochi ayenera bwalo.

Pansi pa masanjidwewo ndi kuchita masamu kuti chiwerengero cha chisankho kuti anali Ivanov ndi Petrov ndi Sidorov. Kenako - ukonde ajebura, kuwerengera udindo sociometric wophunzira aliyense. Njira konse: C = M: (N-1). Kuyambira pano - ndi udindo sociometric, M - chiwerengero cha chisankho, kumene zabwino kuphatikiza, opanda ndi zoipa, wa N - chiwerengero cha nkhani. Mwachitsanzo, Ivanov analandira 4 9 = 0.44. Ndicho osati zoipa. Koma ngakhale zimene zingachitike zokhumudwitsa, sukulu ndipo makolo ndi yaikulu pedagogical angathe kusintha udindo sociometric za wophunzira. Chinthu chachikulu - kuti miyezo ndi kumvetsa zimene vuto ndi.

Ambiri izi siyana udindo: nyenyezi sociometric, ankakonda, adzasiyidwa lilibe mosavuta. Iwo amasiyana chiwerengero cha zisankho zabwino ndi zoipa ndi ma zace. Nkofunika kumvetsa ngati munthu akudziwa odetsedwa ndi kaya womasuka mu udindo umenewu.