Kodi mtima wa munthu, kodi ntchito zake?

Mtima mu thupi - ndi chiwalo chofunika kwambiri. ntchito yake tingauyerekeze mpope. Zikomo mtima kupopa magazi mu mitsempha ndi mosalekeza akamayendetsa ziwiya. Nchito amatchedwa thupi lonse moyo. Kwa zaka 70, adzachite biliyoni 2-3 mu mabala ndi mapampu malita oposa mamiliyoni 170 magazi. Choncho kapangidwe ka mtima? ndi ntchito zake chiyani?

Malo ndi kukula kwa mtima

Limba yaikulu ya thupi ili pakati pa chifuwa. Ambiri a mtima lili kumanzere kwa thupi, ndi ang'onoang'ono - wolungama. Kunama thupi pericardium. Limatchedwanso ndi pericardium. Izi thumba zolimba, wokhala ndi mpanda wolimba kumbali mtima ndi ziwalo zina za m'kati si polola kuti apite pererastyagivatsya pa nthawi ya thupi.

Kukula kwa mtima ndi yaing'ono. Munthu aliyense ali pafupi nkhonya a. Komabe, kukula ndi thupi zikhoza kusintha. Magawo kuchuluka pansi matenda ena. Makulidwe ndi kulemera kwa mtima komanso inachuluka anthu amene kwa nthawi yaitali nawo masewera kapena yovutayi ntchito yadzaoneni.

Kapangidwe ka thupi

Tiyeni tiwone kapangidwe ka mtima. Makoma a thupi ili tichipeza zigawo zitatu:

1. Epicardium. Izi woonda Kakhungu kunja wosanjikiza khoma mtima.
2. Myocardium. Akatswiri Mawu kumvetsa wosanjikiza pakati ndi udindo minofu chidule cha mtima.
3. Endocardium. Kakhungu iyi imene imalongosola dongosolo mkati mwa mtima.

Chikukhudza limba yofunika iyi ndi mbali ziwiri, ankasiyana kugawaniza komwe - nkhungu akulu khoma. Theka lililonse zikuphatikizapo zipinda ziwiri. Zigawo chapamwamba (kumanja ndi kumanzere) amatchedwa atria ndipo m'munsi - ndi ventricles. Aliyense kamera ali ndi udindo wapadera mu ndondomeko ya kufalitsidwa.

atria

Poganizira kuti kapangidwe ka mtima, ndi kulankhula za atria - woonda-mipanda zipinda za mtima. Iwo zili pamwamba ventricles ndi anasiyanitsidwa iwo mavavu atrioventricular. Kuonetsetsa lamanja ndi atria kumanzere. Kumanja chapamwamba thupi la kamera - malo a confluence wa vena cava ndi mitsempha ya mtima. Kuchokera pa zimenezi, tingaone kuti atrium uyu alandira magazi venous lopanda oxygen.

Kumanzere chapamwamba thupi la kamera ndi ngakhale ang'onoang'ono ufulu. Mu kutsegula ake mabowo anayi a mitsempha m'mapapo mwanga. Wa awa, atrium kumanzere amalandira magazi atsopano, mpweya-olemera ndi wokonzeka kuti uzigawidwa zina mu thupi la munthu.

ventricles

Pa cithunzithunzi, lomwe limasonyeza kapangidwe ka mtima wa munthu (onani chithunzi m'munsimu), inu mukhoza kuwona bwino ndi ventricles kumanzere. Oterewa waukulu thupi minofu misa. Tikumbukenso kuti chipinda anasiya poyerekeza kumanja ndi unyinji wochuluka ndi amphamvu. The ventricle ufulu wolandira magazi deoxygenated ku atrium bwino. Pamene mtima wabizinesiyo umapita ku mapapo kudzera valavu m'mapapo mwanga. Backflow magazi m'chipinda cham'mwamba chija kumathandiza vavu tricuspid, umatchedwanso tricuspid.

The ventricle kumanzere kwa atrium kumanzere amalandira magazi, mpweya. Wasefukira kudzera mitral ndi (bicuspid) valavu. Pamene contractions minofu pansi kumanzere chipinda magazi anakankhira mu msempha mwa vavu kung'ambika. Iye ndiye kufalikira mu thupi la munthu.

ntchito mtima

Poona Kapangidwe ka mtima, muyenera kuphunzira ntchito za thupi. The ventricles ndi atria akhale mwina omasuka (diastolic) kapena Zachepetsedwa (systolic) boma. Yosangalala ndi chidule cha mtima zimachitika mwa ndondomeko:

1. Matenda systole. Kuchepetsa thupi chapamwamba kamera - chiyambi cha kuzungulira mtima. gawo Izi kumatenga 0,1 chachiwiri. Pa systole mavavu phiko atsegulidwa. mwazi wonse pa atria kuti ventricles watumidwa. Pambuyo zipinda kuchepetsa chapamwamba amapezeka zosangalatsa gawo.
2. Yamitsempha yamagazi systole. Kuchepetsa kunsi kwa mtima amakhala masekondi 0,3. Semilunar (kung'ambika ndi pulmonic) ndi mapiko kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke atsekedwa mu gawo oyambirira. minofu yamitsempha yamagazi amachepetsa. Chifukwa cha ichi, kuthamanga mu ukuwonjezeka patsekeke. Chifukwa, magazi imatumizidwa atria lapansi. Pali anzawo n'chozama. Komabe, otaya magazi mderali kulepheretsa phiko kutseka kuti uchiwo usatuluke. masamba awo sangakhoze kunapezeka mu atria lapansi. Pa nthawi imeneyi, anafotokoza mavavu semilunar. Magazi iyamba kusuntha mu mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga ndi msempha.
3. Diastole. Ventricles kumasuka pambuyo chidule. gawo Izi kumatenga masekondi 0.4. Pa nthawi zina, thupi akulowa magazi kuchokera mu mitsempha ya ku atrium ndi likulowerera pang'ono mu ventricles lapansi. Pamene mkombero kwatsopano kumayambira, yotsalira magazi m'thupi chapamwamba kamera anakankhira m'magulu wake m'munsi.

Poganizira kuti Kapangidwe ka mtima ndi mmene ntchito, ndi kulankhula za kufalitsidwa mabwalo - zazikulu ndi zazing'ono. Woyamba munthu wayamba msempha. Amachokera kwa magazi kumanzere ventricle mpweya. Yaikulu kwambiri magazi chotengera wasefukira mwa mitsempha ya, arterioles, capillaries m'dipatimenti mpweya maselo onse ndi kumasula iwo ku anasonkhanitsa mpweya. Chifukwa cha maukonde capillary masamba magazi venous. Choyamba, limayenda pa venules, ndiyeno - kudzera mitsempha ndi mitsempha dzenje. Chifukwa, imagwera mu atrium bwino, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko chitumidwa kwa ventricle bwino.

Amayendera m'mapapo akuyamba mtsempha wamagazi m'mapapo mwanga akutuluka lamanja zipinda m'munsi za mtima. magazi Venous akulowa mapapo, akamayendetsa mitsempha, arterioles ndi capillaries wa abwino imapezeka ziwalo zimenezi. Chifukwa, imagwera kwa alveoli - thovu ting'onoting'ono kuti ndizodzazidwa ndi mpweya. Magazi zimatenga mpweya, mwayeretsa ku mpweya woipa ndi akulowa mtsempha. Mitsempha Awa kwa atrium kumanzere. magazi ake anakankhira mu ventricle kumanzere. Kenako zonse akubwerezedwa kachiwiri. Magazi ayamba kusamukira ku bwalo lalikulu la magazi.

ntchito limba

Ataona kapangidwe ka mtima, ukhoza kuitana ntchito zake. Mmodzi wa iwo - thanki. Vital chiwalo cha thupi la munthu pa zosangalatsa za minofu mtima ndi M'mimbamo chifukwa kudzikundikira gawo lotsatira la magazi yotsika kuchokera mwa atrium mu mitsempha ya magazi. Ntchito yachiwiri mtima - jekeseni. Iwo anatulutsidwa mu magazi mumagulu ang'onoang'ono ndi akuluakulu a magazi pamene kuchepetsa ventricles.

Kodi mtima wa munthu, aliyense ayenera kudziwa. Zonse muyenera kukhala ndi mfundo zimene ziri mkati thupi lake, limene njira kutenga malo mu izo. Ku ntchito ya mtima zimadalira ukupeza ndi thanzi la munthu. Kudzera kugwira ntchito limba magazi kufalikira thupi lonse, kupereka ziwalo zonse ndipo zimakhala ndi mpweya, zinthu biologically yogwira, mphamvu, ndi kuwatengera iwo ku mpweya woipa komanso zinthu zotha.