Kodi mungaphike moyenera molondola? Kodi mungaphike bwanji masitepe opanda mpweya?

Ntchito yowumangirira ndi imodzi mwa magawo ofunikira kwambiri ndi mafakitale. Musaiwale kuti kufunika kwake kuli mbali ya chikhalidwe cha banal. Pazifukwa zonsezi, kutsekemera kwabwino kumadalira kokha kuchitidwa chodalira cha mankhwala ogulitsidwa, komanso pa chitetezo cha anthu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito.

Kutsekemera kowonjezereka ndi kogwiritsa ntchito makina osungunula omwe amadzipangira okha, omwe amachitikira mu malo a mpweya wa inert. Kodi mumadziwa kuphika pang'onopang'ono? Lero tikambirana za izi.

Mfundo zambiri

Kawirikawiri, njirayi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya kutsekemera kwa arc. Popeza kuti kukana kwake kuli kwakukulu kwambiri kusiyana ndi kwa electrode, mphamvu zambiri zimatulutsidwa m'dera pafupi ndi arc, kukakamira pamwamba pamtunda ndi electrode palokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti apange madzi osamba.

Pambuyo pothandizira utakhazikika ndi kutsekemera, khungu la weld limapangidwa, lomwe panthawi ino ya chitukuko chitukuko ndilo njira yodalirika yopangira zitsulo.

Mfundo zoyambirira zowonjezera zowonjezereka

Mosiyana ndi makina otukuka a arc, mu njira yomwe tikulingalira, zinthu ziwiri ndizofunika kwambiri: electrode (waya welded) ndi mpweya wambiri womwe umateteza kusamba. Musanayambe kuphika kawirikawiri, ndi kofunika kwambiri kugula nsombazo mokwanira.

Mkhalidwe wotsirizira ndi wofunikira kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti khungu la weld mu njira zonse zomwe zilipo zimayesetsa kuti musagwirizane ndi mpweya wa chilengedwe pa ntchito: choyamba, mwinamwake pali zambiri zomwe zimapangidwira, ndipo mgwirizanowo umakhala kutali kwambiri. Chachiwiri, mu chitsulo cha msoko kumawoneka chiwerengero chochuluka cha oxides, chomwe chimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la womaliza. Ndi chifukwa chake argon ndi carbonic acid zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu makina owotcherera.

Ndondomeko yowonetsera ndondomeko yowonjezera

Kuti mudziwe momwe mungapangire masentimodzi okha, muyenera kulingalira mfundo zazikulu za ntchito yake.

Panthawi yotsekemera, electrode (waya) imadutsa mumphuno ya moto woyaka moto, kumene imasungunuka chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa arc. Popeza waya wonyamulira akudyetsedwa mosalekeza, n'zotheka kukwaniritsa khalidwe lokhazikika ndi liwiro la ndondomekoyi. Malangizo ndi liwiro amasankhidwa mwadongosolo. Tsatirani kupitiriza kwa kudyetsa magetsi ndiyenso ku welder. Mgwirizano wapadziko lonse, njirayi imatchedwa GMAW (kutsekemera kwa gasi yamkuwa). Kusiyanitsa kutsekemera m'magetsi otentha kapena otentha.

Chotsatiracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitikazo pamene katundu wa chitsulo salola kuti akwaniritse zochitika zina za weld. Umo ndi momwe mungapangire masentimodzi okha.

Kodi izi zikufunikira zotani?

Zida zowonjezeramo ziyenera kuphatikizapo makina owotcherera okha, magwero a mawotchi ozungulira, chipangizo chodyetsera waya, komanso mpweya wa gasi. Zida zamtundu umenewu zimapezeka m'mawonekedwe omasulidwa komanso ngati chasisi yogwiritsira ntchito mmunda. Popeza zimakhala zovuta kuphunzira kuphika makina osakanikirana a mtundu uwu, akatswiri okha omwe adalandira malangizo oyenerera amaloledwa kugwira ntchito.

Kodi ndi zida zotani zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamtundu uwu?

• Mphamvu yamakono kuyambira 40 mpaka 600 A.
• Pa arc yowonjezera yokha, magetsi amatha pakati pa 16 ndi 40 V.
• Liwiro la gawo lotsekedwa likhoza kufika 2 cm pamphindi.
• Zolinga zosiyana ndi zipangizo, waya amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo makulidwe ake amachokera ku 0,5 mpaka 3 mm.
• Wachiwiri amadya 30 mpaka 250 mm wa electrode pa mphindi.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa inert kungathe kufika pa malita 60 pa mphindi. Mtengo wocheperachepera ndi kumwa malita atatu pa mphindi.
• Chomera chimodzi chotchedwa welding cylinder chimakhala pafupifupi malita 100 a mpweya wotentha kapena wambiri.

Mitundu yokonda yopatsa

Makina owongolera pamadzi ambiri amasiyana ndi momwe makonzedwe operekera makina opangira ma electrode akuthandizira, kotero pa nthawiyi ndi koyenera kukhala mosamala kwambiri. Muwowonjezereka, mtundu wa phokoso umagwiritsidwa ntchito: umachepetsa kwambiri kapangidwe kowotcha, koma pakali pano kutalika kwa payipi ya gasi kumangopitirira mamita atatu. Ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito kayendedwe ka kotayira: phula kutalika pambaliyi lingathe kufika mamita 20.

Musanagule makina othandizira, muyenera kumvetsera mosamala. Popeza mphutsi ndi chinthu chomwe chimatulutsa pafupifupi mofulumira kwambiri, chiyenera kupangidwa moyenera monga momwe zingathere. Chonde dziwani kuti panthawi yotsekemera, m'pofunikira kuti muziyeretsa nthawi zonse. Mwapang'onopang'ono muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa chikhalidwe cha nsonga, chifukwa ngati chisawonongeke, ubweya wotsekemera umatuluka mwamphamvu.

Zofunika! Musanapange chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri pokhapokha mutengere kitsulo. Mafuta ambiri ndi mpweya wa inert amachoka ku chitsulo chosapanga kanthu. Kuwomba kumafuna mphamvu yamagetsi, chitsulo chimatenthedwa kwambiri, mphutsi imatuluka mofulumira.

Kodi ndizinthu ziti zomwe ndiyenera kuzigwiritsa ntchito kuntchito yanga?

Monga tanena kale, waya ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyambira 0,5 mpaka 3 mm wakuda. Wowonda kwambiri, ndi bwino kutentha kwa arc, kutentha kwambiri mkati mwake. Dziwani kuti mungagwiritse ntchito makina amphamvu kuposa 3 mm, koma pa "millimeter" yowonjezera payenera kukhala amps 100.

Magetsi opanda mphamvu angagwiritsidwe ntchito ponseponse mu mawonekedwe oyera komanso m'zosakaniza. Kuchuluka kwa gasi kumakhala kosavuta kuwerengera, podziwa msinkhu wambiri wa malo osinthidwa ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito koyenera, zomwe zingaphunzire kuchokera ku zowunikira akatswiri odzola.

Zing'onozing'ono za mphamvu zamakono ndi magetsi

Inde, mphamvu yamakono imadalira makulidwe a zinthuzo kuti zikhale welded, komanso pa kukula kwa waya ntchito. Kuposa makulidwe aakulu, kuya kwa kufalikira kwa nkhaniyo ndi kukolola kwathunthu kwa ntchitoyi ndipang'ono. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya, kumapangitsa kuti zitsulo zilowe mkati. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti pakadali pano mavotedwe a zowonongeka ndi kuchuluka akuwonjezeka, ndipo kuchuluka kwa msoko kumakula mwamphamvu. Mphamvuyi imayikidwa molingana ndi zomwe zilipo. Zambiri zimapezeka mu malangizo ku makina owotcherera.

Mtengo wa chakudya cha electrode umatsimikiziridwa motengera zochitika zakuthupi ndi mphamvu yofunikira ya weld. Nthawi yotsekemera imadalira nthawi zonse zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero cha chiwerengerocho. Choncho, mofulumira kwambiri, zimalimbikitsidwa kuti mupange ziwalo zochepa zokha, chifukwa mutakhala ndi zigawo zazikulu mumakhala ndi mawu ofunika kwambiri komanso omveka bwino.

Pafupifupi gasi

Mphepete mwa waya, gasi yowonjezereka imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza pamwamba pa zinthuzo kuti zisungidwe. Kugwiritsa ntchito mochepa kungakhale, mwamphamvu kukaniza chithunzithunzi chachitsulo kuntchito pamwamba, kapena kuchepetseratu kuchepa kwa kuthamanga mbali. Chenjerani! Ngati mutayigwiritsa ntchito mofulumizitsa (kuwonjezerapo chifukwa cha zokolola kukula), nsonga ya mphuno ikhoza kupita kunja kwa phulusa lopanda madzi, ikupangidwanso mowonjezereka ndi kuyimphana nayo.

Konzani ntchito ndi electrode

Kukhazikika kwa ndondomeko yotsekemera kumadalira kukula kwakukulu ndi kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa waya. Kukula kwakukulu, kutsika kwake kumakhala kochepa. Kuonjezera apo, pakadali pano, kuchuluka kwa zinthu kumapita muyeso. Muzinthu zambiri izi zimatheka chifukwa chakuti dera la dothi la weld limachepetsedwa kwambiri, nsonga ndi zomwe zimayambira kuzikakamiza pa mlingo wofulumira. Ngati kutentha kwakukulu kuli kochepa kwambiri, kuonekera powotchera kumawonjezereka kwambiri.

Kuphika zitsulo zotayidwa

Ndipo momwe mungapangire aluminiyumu wamba-kokha? Aluminium - chitsulo chimakhala chamadzimadzi, chifukwa chakuti pamwamba pake pamakhala chobiriwira amalgam. Kuti muwotche, mukufunikira arc yamphamvu. A waya wochepa wonyezimira amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati electrode . Ndikofunikira (!) Kuti mugwiritse ntchito mpweya wambiri, popeza kuti mpweya ulibe pang'ono, amalgam amabwezeretsedwa mwamsanga.

Zofunika zofunika

Ngati mukuphika chitsulo chofewa, ndiye kuti msoko uyenera kuchotsedwa pamwamba. Msokowo uyenera kukhala woonda kwambiri, chifukwa pakali pano makulidwe ake ali ofanana kumbali zonse ziwiri. Ngati mukulankhula momveka bwino, ndiye kuti simungapewe kutentha zinthuzo. Kuti tipewe kuwonongeka kwa zinthuzo, timalimbikitsa kuonjezera kuthamanga kwawotchi, pamene kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwatsopano.

Mukakhala mukuphika mfundozo pazitsulo, onetsetsani kuti zimakhala zolimba kwambiri. Chowonadi ndi chakuti arc imatentha kwambiri chitsulocho, chifukwa chake masamba ake ang'onoang'ono amayamba kusinthasintha mwamphamvu chifukwa cha kusintha kwa kutentha. Kuti muchepetse kuwonetseredwa kwa zotsatira zake zakuthupi, pendani ziwalo pozungulira. Popeza zingakhale zovuta kuti muphike makina osakanikirana mwanjira imeneyi, pangani ziwalo zingapo kuti musagwire ntchito.

Ngati chitsulocho chitha kulemera kwambiri kuposa 1.5 mm, timakulangizani kuti muzigwira ntchito yolemera. Amalimbikitsidwa kuti apange electrode mu malo owongoka, ndikuwongolera ndondomeko yosamba. Kuthira zitsulo ndi mamita 1,2 mpaka 2, sankhani njira kuti msoko ukhale wopititsa patsogolo. Musanayambe kuphika makina osakaniza okha, onetsetsani kuti mumasintha zinthuzo, ndikuwonetseni kutsogolo kwa ntchito: thupi limangowonongeka mosavuta, choncho muyenera kugwira ntchito mosamala kwambiri.

Ngati mipata yomwe ili pakati pa ziwalo zosayenera ndizokulu kwambiri, tikukulimbikitsani kuchita izi: Chitani zowonjezera kuchokera pamwamba, yesetsani kusinthasintha kwa mphamvu, ndipo nthawi ndi nthawi muleke kugwira ntchito, ndikupatsani magawo omaliza mwayi kuti mukhale olimba. Ndikukumbutsaninso kachiwiri: musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito makina osakaniza okha, ndibwino kuti musinthe mfundo zomwe mukuzichita. Muzithera nthawi ndithu, koma njira yowonjezera idzapita mofulumira kwambiri.

Timaphika zitsulo popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa inert

Zonsezi ndi zowona pokoka zitsulo m'dothi lopanda madzi. Koma kodi mungatani mukakhala kuti mulibe mwayi kapena njira zogula zitsulo, kuphika masitepe popanda mpweya? Makamaka awa milandu, opanga kutulutsa wapadera sukulu ya electrode waya.

Pogwiritsa ntchito, matekinoloje awiri angagwiritsidwe ntchito: kukanikiza muzitsulo zofewa zamatope kapena kuphatikizapo zigawo zake mwachitsulo cha electrode.

Kodi wayawu ndi ubwino wanji? Zonse zokhudza fizikiya: pamene magetsi amayamba kusungunuka, mtambo wa mankhwalawo omwe amapanga mbali ya mitundu yozungulira yomwe ikuzungulira kusamba. Choncho, mpweya wa inert m'malo mwake, chifukwa kutentha kutentha kumateteza zinthu zosazinga kwambiri kwambiri.

Ndi momwe mungapangire masentimita opanda mpweya.

Pang'ono ponena za chitetezo

Nkhani yathu sidzakhala yangwiro ngati sitinanene za zofunika za chitetezo. Kumbukirani kuti pamakina a magetsi a magetsi amafunikira kupanga mamita khumi oteteza malo pafupi ndi malo ogwirira ntchito. Ngati mtunda uli wochepa, ndiye kuti anthu omwe ali pamwambowu ali pangozi yaikulu yotenga zilonda za retinal. Kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza malamulo ndi malamulo, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala buku lanu.

Katswiri ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zothandizira payekha, ndipo ayang'anitseni zipangizo zonse zogwiritsira ntchito musanayambe ntchito. Zimaletsedwa kuyambitsa kutsekemera ngati magetsi amodzi kapena magetsi amapezeka. Nthawi zonse kumbukirani kuti kutsekemera ntchito ndizowonjezera ngozi ya moto.

Popeza nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuyiritsa makina opangira zowonjezera pamakina, kuchotsa zinthu zonse zotentha kuchokera kuntchito.

Zotsatira

Potsirizira pake, ziyenera kunenedwa kuti kutsekemera kwapamwamba kumakhala kokwera pokhapokha pamene pamwamba pa ziwalozo zitsukidwa bwino kuchokera ku zonyansa ndi mafuta asanayambe ntchito. Kuphatikizanso apo, mbali yaikulu imasewera ndi malo oyenera a zipangizo: ngati mutapambana ndi mphamvu, mukhoza kutentha kupyolera muzitsulo zachitsulo. Sankhani kuti muchite ntchito pang'onopang'ono - pali mwayi wapamwamba wa magulu osasinthasintha komanso mawonekedwe ambiri.

Pamapeto pake, chitsulo chachitsulocho chimachoka. Monga tanenera pamwambapa, chiwerengerochi chimathandiza kutulutsa mpweya wotentha ndi zina zina zofunika pa makina opumira. Ndikofunika kukumbukira izi musanapange makina osakaniza okha: thupi lachitsulo la makulidwe apadera silimasiyana, ndipo limatha kuwotcha.