Magetsi opanda mphamvu ndi malingaliro onse, katundu ndi ntchito

Mphepete mwa mpweya, womwe umatchedwanso mpweya wabwino, umakhala m'gulu lalikulu la gulu lachisanu ndi chitatu la dongosolo la periodic. Pali asanu ndi limodzi okha: helium (He), neon (Ne), argon (Ar), xenon (Xe) ndi radon (Rn). Kuti timvetse chilengedwe, tiyeni tiyambe kuganizira lingaliro la inertia. Inertia ndi mawu ofooka kapena kusowa kochita ndi zinthu zina zamagulu. Ndizosatheka kuti mankhwala ayambe kupanga mapangidwe atsopano.

Choncho, mpweya wambiri wotsekemera ndi wosaoneka bwino kwambiri, womwe umakhala ndi inertia, yomwe imakhala ndi mphamvu yowonjezera mphamvu ya atomu. Mwachitsanzo, helium mu chipolopolo ichi ali ndi magetsi awiri, ndi zina zotupa zabwino - eyiti. Izi zikutanthauzira zakuthupi ndi mankhwala. Mitambo yonse yowonongeka pansi pazochitika zachilendo ndi mpweya wosayera womwe ndi wosasunthika komanso wosasungunuka bwino m'madzi. Zolemba zawo zotentha ndi kusungunuka zimakula malinga ndi kuwonjezeka kwa ma atomu.

Mpaka chaka cha 1962, asayansi anali otsimikiza kuti mpweya wabwino kwambiri uli ndi mphamvu. Koma katswiri wa zamakinala wa ku Canada, N. Bartlett, adatha kutsimikizira mosiyana, atalandira mankhwala oyamba a xenon, otchedwa hexafluoroplatinate a xenon. Mgwirizano uwu ndi chinthu cholimba cha lalanje chomwe chimakhala ndi crystal lattice. Pambuyo pake, mankhwala ambiri anawonjezeka kwambiri.

Kukula ndi maphunziro m'chilengedwe

M'chilengedwe chonse cha mpweya wabwino, helium ndi yowonjezereka, komanso pansi pa nthaka - argon (mu volume ili ndi 0.934%). Mu mpweya wochepa kwambiri, mpweya wa inert ulipo mumatanthwe ndi mu mpweya wa zipangizo zoyaka zowonongeka, ndipo mu mawonekedwe osungunuka amapezeka mu mafuta ndi madzi.

Pansi pa chilengedwe, mpweya wabwino ungapangidwe chifukwa cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana za nyukiliya. Mwachitsanzo, uranium ya radioactive ndi gwero la radon. Zina mwa zinthu zimenezi zimachokera ku cosmogenic.

Mitambo yonse yowonongeka, kupatula kwa kholo, imakhala ndi mayotopu angapo.

Nkhokwe za mpweya uwu sizicheperachepera. Helium yokha ndiyo pang'onopang'ono, pang'onopang'ono, yobalalika mu malo ena.

Ntchito

Magazi a inert apeza ntchito yaikulu m'mayendedwe a magetsi. Argon, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwake ndi kutsika kwautentheti, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosakaniza ndi nayitrogeni kudzaza nyali zamagetsi. Argon ndi neon amadzaza makapu kuti adzalitse malonda, pamene akuwala buluu, ndi neon - wofiira wa lalanje.

Argon imagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu ma laboratory machitidwe. M'makampani, apeza kuti amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opangira mosavuta zitsulo zosakanizika. Argon imapanga malo otetezera omwe amatha kupukuta kapena kudula zitsulo zosalimba ndi zopanda chitsulo, tungsten, kusanatani, zirconium. Pofuna kuteteza mawonekedwe a mpweya wabwino, magetsi amtundu wa argon amagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Krypton ndi xenon zimakhala ndi zotsika kwambiri zamatenthesi kuposa argon, kotero mababu a magetsi omwe amadzaza nawo ndi otalika komanso olemera kuposa omwe amadzazidwa ndi nayitrogeni kapena argon.

Omwe amapuma mpweya wa heliamu ndi oxygen, womwe umathandiza kuti athe kuwonjezera nthawi yomwe amakhala pansi pa madzi ndipo amalepheretsa kwambiri zochitika zomwe zimapweteka chifukwa chokwera pamwamba.

Liwu la helium limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati lozizira m'maphunziro osiyanasiyana, popeza mafuta otentha ndi -268.9 ° C.

Malo okhala ndi inertia a helium amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito powotcherera m'mlengalenga, kuti apange zitsulo zopangidwa ndi ultrasound, ndi chromatography. Ndipo mapulaneti ake apamwamba amaloledwa kupanga zowononga zotsikira m'munsi ndi zipangizo zamakono.