Kodi opaleshoni? Zizindikiro, kukonzekera ndi mitundu. Kodi opaleshoni?

Ngakhale iwo anakhulupirira kuti thupi - ndi zovuta kudziletsa malamulo dongosolo, nthawi zina popanda opaleshoni sangachite. Mu dziko nyama, ulamuliro wa kusankha zamoyo - kupulumuka amene ali wamphamvu, saizi, athanzi. moyo wa munthu ndi mtengo kuika zatsopano zimenezi. Choncho, anthu ndi malfunctions mwakhama chamoyo kuwadziwitsa kuchitidwa opaleshoni boma matenda. Musanayambe opaleshoni, kulemera ubwino ndi kuipa kwake, anapatsidwa mwayi bwino ndi chiopsezo cha mavuto.

muyenera

chosankha kuchita opaleshoni atengedwa mu view la umboni. Iwo akhoza kukhala ndi khalidwe wachibale - bwanji funso chilango cha boma matenda kuti sadzatero koyenera kutero - ndipo mtheradi - mayankho kwa zingasokoneze kugwirizana ndi ngozi ndi bwino moyo. Kulepheletsa ntchito zinthu zimenezi kokha pamaso ululu wodwalayo.

Mu kudziŵa zizindikiro zambiri yomweyo anapatsidwa kulungamitsidwa kufunika kwa alowererepo. Pa nthawi imeneyi, amaonekera ndi kuthekera makhalidwe ake. Mogwirizana ndi zinthu opaleshoni, kupezeka kwa zida zina zofunika ndi zipangizo, luso kupititsa patsogolo kufufuza, kutenga biomaterials kwa kusanthula.

Ngakhale ngati dotolo ali ndi chidaliro kuti m'pofunika ndi zotheka kuchita opaleshoni, iye ayenera kupeza chilolezo kwa wodwala kapena anthu woimira zofuna zawo (kukomoka, mphamvu zochepa). Nthawi zina, kuopseza moyo wa wodwala, ndipo ngati simungathe kudziwa munthu, dokotala sangathe kudikira chilolezo.

diagnostics

Choncho, wodwala aliyense ayenera kukumana zambiri zachipatala kuti muone muone ngati mungathe kuchita ntchito mogwirizana ndi zizindikiro zilipo. Nthawi ambiri, muyezo ntchito bwino. Pa phwando, wodwalayo limanena zokhudza kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa madandaulo thanzi.

Ndi mavuto alipo thanzi amapatsidwa mayesero zina. Nthawi zina zidzakhala zokwanira kumalizira ndi kusanthula magazi ndi X-ray. Mu zina - kungafune zotsatira za mayesero zina, deta ECG, ultrasound diagnostics, Kujambula, nkhani yeniyeni.

Kaya khalidwe kukonzekera preoperative wodwalayo asanachite opareshoni ndi ambiri ochititsa dzanzi dzanzi kuyesa. Komanso, onani, pakalibe contraindications kugwirizana ndi kachitidwe kupuma, dongosolo mtima, mavuto a m'maganizo.

kuopsa

kulowelela mu ntchito ziwalo ndi machitidwe a chamoyo moyo pamlingo winawake kumalire ndi chiopsezo zotsatira sizingasinthe kapena kuyan'anila kuweruza ntchito zawo. diagnostics Modern ndi njira zikugwira ntchito kuchepetsa iwo yochepa, komanso options zikuyenera kuchitika musanaonere opaleshoni kapena okha njira ndiwofatsa chithandizo.

Opaleshoni mfundo - kulekana kwa minofu - kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo zoopsazo thupi ndi m'maganizo. Iwo akhoza anafotokoza zambiri kapena zochepa, koma nthawi apeze kwenikweni muyenera. Ngakhale kuona kuopsa kuyesera kutsatira mfundo yakuti ntchito sanali oopsa zotsatira - Nthawi zina muyenera tengerapo mwayi uliwonse kuti amuchotsepo matenda.

mitundu ya alowererepo

Pansi opaleshoni dokotala kumvetsa zotsatira zovuta pa wodwala (zimakhala wake ndi / kapena ziwalo) pofuna kukonza boma matenda kapena diagnostics wake zina. Nthawi zambiri, munthu wotero kusokonezedwa chikuchitika pambuyo kutsegula kwa khungu lakunja ndi chida chapadera. Posachedwapa panali kuthekera ntchito ndi zida zatsopano zamakono. electrocautery angagwiritsidwe ntchito, yoweyula RF padzuwa, laser poizoni cryosurgery, ultrasound.

Kusiyanitsa ntchito yosavuta kuti angathe kuchitidwa pa maziko a m'madipatimenti outpatient, ndi zovuta, napempha maofesi wapadera (opaleshoni wagawo). Nthawi zosiyanasiyana, chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito kuchipatala adzakhala osiyana (dokotala, wothandizira, anesthetist, namwino, namwino).

Kodi wotuluka kuchepetsa dislocation? Zikatero, kulekana kwa zimakhala ndi Sikuti. kudzudzulidwa boma ikuchitika popanda thandizo la chida opaleshoni (Buku kalozera).

Kodi opaleshoni

Opaleshoni ukhoza kwa mphindi kapena maola Tambasula a. Izi zidalira pa mtundu, cholinga, ndondomeko kwambiri. Mukafuna ntchito kwa maola angapo, magulu a madokotala ntchito mosinthana, kotero kuti madokotala anatha kumasuka. Nthawi yapadera, kungabweretse akatswiri zina m'minda zokhudzana, ngati pa ndondomeko yaikulu amafuna malangizo apadera kwambiri.

Ena ntchito zichitidwa pansi ochititsa dzanzi ambiri, ena - pansi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo. Ngati mmene pang'ono ndi kufupika (kukoka yochititsa dzino) kwa mankhwala ochititsa akhoza choperekedwa ndi palimodzi. Kutalika okwana alowererepo chimadaliranso nthawi kukonzekera ndi njira komaliza. Pali milandu kumene amadza waukulu amatenga miniti, koma kupeza malo zimafuna nthawi zambiri.

utali kungakhudzenso momwe opaleshoni. Mfundo - ang'ambe thupilo kukhala laling'ono monga zotheka, koma kuti lili chipinda cha opareshoni. Ngati zonse zimapita malinga ndi ndandanda - ichi, koma zinthu zambiri zosayembekezereka, mavuto (magazi, mantha). Pali kufunika kutambasuka kwa mankhwala ochititsa kapena mankhwala ochititsa kuti achire ku alili yovuta, chithandizo cha zilonda, opaleshoni chokwanira.

masiteji

Pali mfundo zitatu zikuluzikulu mu njira ya opaleshoni kugwira ntchito. Choyamba, muyenera kuonetsa matupi kapena kuganizira (kuti imapatsa). Izi anatsatira ndondomeko zofunika zokhudza mitundu yosiyanasiyana mwai ndi chida kapena zida (zikugwira ntchito phwando). Izo zikhoza kukhala osiyana mu Kuvuta, chikhalidwe, mtundu ndi njira kukhudzana. Pa chomaliza (linanena bungwe ntchito) limapezeka reconstitution umphumphu zowonongeka minofu. chilonda ndi sutured mwamphamvu anapitiriza kapena kukhetsa dzenje.

Organization za opaleshoni akuyamba ndi kuika mtima okonzeka (sanitizing) pa tebulo ya opareshoni. Kuthekera dokotala amasankha malo adzasankhe chida njira mwachisawawa mwayi phwando ndi linanena bungwe. Malinga ndi zimene mtundu wa ntchito kuchita ndondomeko angathe kuchitidwa mu malo alionse abwino, osati pa tebulo. An dzanzi amapereka thandizo ululu, Wothandizira amathandiza pa phukusi la namwino opaleshoni udindo zida ndi zipangizo, namwino amapereka mlingo woyenera wa ukhondo.

mitundu

Kuchokera momwe kuchita opaleshoni pakati pawo kusiyanitsa chachikulu ndi kobwereza (pambuyo mavuto). Opaleshoni kungakhale kwakukulu, Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa lathunthu la zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za pathologies kapena palliative (tsankho njira). Ngati ndi kosatheka kuti athetse vutoli anapanga alowererepo umalimbana kuchepetsa chikhalidwe cha mtima (symptomatic phukusi).

Akuti mukhoza kukhala owonjezera (pomwepo pa matenda umboni), zam'tsogolo (mkati maola choyamba pambuyo chikuonetseratu) chizolowezi ndi chikhalidwe yachibadwa wamba (popanda nthawi yeniyeni okonzeka mtima). N'zothekanso kuonetsetsa kusokonezedwa kugwirizana ndi chisokonezo kukhulupirika kwa zimakhala kapena ziwalo (magazi) ndi yopanda magazi (lithotripsy); mafinya (abscess) ndi aseptic (woyera).

Kuchokera kutanthauzira khalidwe wolemekezeka Thupi M'mimbamo (peritoneum, thorax, chigaza) ndi padziko (khungu). Komanso: zofewa minofu (minofu) ndi fupa (amputation, resection). Mtundu wa nsalu, imene pa njira ntchito: neurosurgery, pochiza matenda a maso pulasitiki ndi zina zotero.

Mtundu thupi, yomwe ikuchitika pa amadza kulandira ntchito opaleshoni anatsimikiza dzina. Mwachitsanzo, appendectomy - kuchotsa kumapeto; thoracoplasty - kuthetsedwa vuto ndi zina zotero.

Kodi kuchita pambuyo opaleshoni

Malinga zovuta za phukusi, ndi dokotala chiganizo pa kaya kupitiriza kuyan'anila mtima. Modekha akhoza kupita kunyumba kapena kutumizidwa kuwunika chigawo dokotala. Akhoza anasamutsa m'chipinda zonse kapena odwala kwambiri pachikhalidwe, kupulumutsa odwala mwakayakaya unit. Mulimonsemo, apeze zonse zimafuna nthawi konzanso.

Malinga zovuta za phukusi, mwina ndi kutalika osiyana ndi monga osiyanasiyana mankhwala: physiotherapy, kutikitirako njira Zochita. Sitepe cholinga kubwezeretsa atrophied minofu kamvekedwe pambuyo bedi yaitali mpumulo, kapena Mwachitsanzo, kuonjezera galimoto ntchito ya olowa kuonongeka. Nthaŵi iliyonse anaika ntchito ina amene chingapezeke mwa njira zosiyanasiyana. Cholinga chachikulu - kubwezeretsa ntchito za thupi kuonetsetsa moyo wabwinobwino.