Kodi pamalo padziko lonse?

Lero, mwina palibe munthu amene sanamve za GPS. Komabe, kumvetsa zonse za izo ziri, si konse. Nkhaniyi itithandiza kuyesetsa kumvetsa zimene ali padziko lonse pamalo dongosolo, kumene kumachititsa kuti ndi momwe ntchito.

nkhani

Dongosolo navigation GPS ndi mbali ya Navstar zovuta, kukulitsa ntchito ndi Unduna wa za chitetezo. zovuta polojekiti anayamba kukhazikitsa mu 1973. Kumayambiriro 1978, pambuyo mayeso bwino, timaika ntchito. Ndi 1993, 24 makina, kwathunthu kuphimba padziko lathuli wakhala anapezerapo padziko Lapansi. Civil nkhondo maukonde Navstar anadziwika monga GPS, kutanthauza Global Positoning System ( «Global Positioning System").

maziko ake Amakhala ndi nthambi, amene kusunthira mu njira zozungulira asanu kanjira. M'lifupi iwo basi mamita theka, ndi kutalika - pang'ono kuposa asanu. Kulemera mu nkhani iyi ndi a dongosolo la makilogalamu makumi mazana asanu ndi atatu. Onsewo kupereka magwiridwe zonse pa Msikiti lathuli.

Kuwunika ikuchitika ndi siteshoni mbuye kulamulira mu Colorado. Pali Schriever Air Force Base - makumi asanu dziko kugwirizana.

Padziko Lapansi, pali okwerera oposa khumi yadaikidwa kuti younikira. Iwo ali mu Ascension Island, Hawaii, Kwajalein, Diego García, Colorado Springs, ku Cape Canaveral ndi kwina, chiwerengero cha amene ikukula chaka chilichonse. Zonse zomwe kuwapeza iwo kukonzedwa pa siteshoni chachikulu. Kutsegula deta ndi kusinthidwa lililonse maola makumi awiri anayi.

Chotero lonse pamalo - dongosolo Kanema, amene umagwira pansi pa ulamuliro wa DoD US. Iwo amagwira ntchito mu zinthu zonse nyengo ndi nthawi zonse akupereka mauthenga.

Mfundo ntchito

Global GPS machitidwe pamalo zochokera zigawo izi:

• trilateration Kanema;
• lemetry Kanema;
• yeniyeni nthawi Buku;
• malo;
• kukonzedwa.

Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Mu trilateration mawerengedwe amatanthauza deta mtunda wa nthambi zitatu, chifukwa ndilo zosatheka kuwerengetsa malo ina.

Kuyambira zikutanthauza mtunda ndi makina a angapo wailesi chizindikiro kafalitsidwe nthawi kuti wolandirayo ndi kuwala kumayendera. Kudziwa nthawi kwaiye PRN malamulo imene wolandila akhoza logwirana aliyense kuchedwa nthawi.

Chithunzi chotsatirachi chikusonyeza kudalira mwachindunji pa lolondola koloko. Makina zikugwira ntchito ndi wotchi atomiki, yolondola umene uli ku nanosecond wina. Komabe, chifukwa mtengo mkulu, iwo ntchito kulikonse.

makina The zili pamalo okwera makilomita oposa zikwi makumi awiri ku Earth, monga mmene M'pofunika mtendere wa chisonyezo yozungulira ndi chidule cha kukana mpweya.

Pamene lonse pamalo dongosolo mu dziko amalakwitsa kuti ndi Osamva. Ichi ndi chifukwa mbendera kudutsa troposphere ndi ionosphere, pamene liwiro la yafupika, imbaenda zolephera mu miyeso lapansi.

dongosolo Zigawo sanjira

Pali mankhwala ambiri padziko lonse pamalo dongosolo ndi GIS ofunsira sanjira. Chifukwa cha iwo, deta malo osiyanasiyana amayambira ndi kusinthidwa mofulumira. The zigawo zikuluzikulu za mankhwala amenewa ndi GPS-amalandira, mapulogalamu ndi kusunga deta.

Amalandira amatha kupanga anapezazo ndi pafupipafupi zosakwana chachiwiri ndi lolondola makumi masentimita mpaka mamita asanu, ogwira ntchito mu mode masiyanidwe. Amasiyana mzake kukula, mphamvu kukumbukira ndi chiwerengero cha kutsatira njira.

Pamene munthu atayima pa malo amodzi kapena amayendayenda, wolandirayo alandira chizindikiro ku nthambi ndi kupanga mawerengedwe a malo ake. Zotsatira anasonyeza ngati amayang'anira pa chiwonetsero cha.

Opha ndi kunyamula makompyuta kuti ntchito kuyang'aniridwa ndi mapulogalamu chofunika kusonkhanitsa kwa deta. Mapulogalamu akulamulira wolandila unit. abulusa ndi zamitundu yosiyanasiyana komanso mitundu ya kujambula deta.

Aliyense dongosolo ali okonzeka ndi mapulogalamu. Pambuyo inu kweza mfundo pagalimoto kuti kompyuta, pulogalamu kumawonjezera lolondola deta ntchito processing njira yapadera, amatchedwa "masiyanidwe kudzudzulidwa". Mapulogalamu visualizes deta. Ena a iwo akhoza losasinthika pamanja, winayo - kusindikiza ndi zina zotero.

GPS pamalo lonse - machitidwe omwe amalimbikitsa kutolera mfundo kwa ndani anathandizapo zinasokoneza makompyuta ndi mapulogalamu zogulitsa kunja iwo msonkhanowu GIS.

kudzudzulidwa masiyanidwe

Njira kwambiri bwino yolondola deta. Motero amalandira pa anatsimikiza pa nsonga ya ndondomeko ndi zina zambiri anasonkhana kumene sakudziwika.

Masiyanidwe kudzudzulidwa akuyendera njira ziwiri.

• Choyamba - weniweni nthawi masiyanidwe akonzeni, mopitirira ndi outputted cholakwa chachikulu siteshoni aliyense Kanema. deta woyengeka anazindikira ndi wolandila mafoni lomwe limasonyeza deta tikonze.
• Chachiwiri - masiyanidwe kukonzedwa mu positi - kumachitika pamene siteshoni waukulu analemba malangizo mwachindunji wapamwamba pa kompyuta. The file choyambirira kukonzedwa ndi woyengeka, ndiye likukhalira differentially tikonze.

Trimble dongosolo sanjira angathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zonse. Choncho, ngati akafuna zenizeni nthawi linasokonekera, komabe n'zotheka ntchito ku positi.

ntchito

GPS ntchito m'madera osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, Global System Positioning pansi ankagwiritsa ntchito m'munda wa zachilengedwe, kumene Akatswiriwa, sayansi, nkhalango, geographers ndi kupiphatisa kujambula chakudya zina zambiri. Ndi malo a chitukuko zomangamanga ndi chuma m'tauni, pamene olamulidwa ndi magalimoto ndi machitidwe oyang'anira tauni.

Ponseponse ntchito ya padziko lonse pamalo GPS-analandira mu ulimi, polongosola Mwachitsanzo, minda makamaka. M'munda wa sayansi chikhalidwe, mbiri yakale komanso ofukula kupiphatisa navigation ndi kulembetsa wa Places Yakale.

Mbali GPS machitidwe sanjira sikuthetsa kumeneko. Iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito ina iliyonse imene amafuna ndondomeko yeniyeni, nthawi ndi zina.

GPS-wolandila

Izi wolandila wailesi, kumene kumatsimikizira ndondomeko ya malo mlongoti ndi zochokera zokhudza nthawi akuzengereza Navstar chizindikiro wailesi kwa makina.

Miyezo anapanga ndi lolondola mamita atatu kapena asanu, ndipo ngati pali mbendera ochokera malo - mpaka millimeter wina. GPS-panyanja kwa malonda pa zitsanzo akale ndi lolondola mamita zana ndi makumi asanu, koma mu atsopano - mpaka mamita atatu.

Pamaziko a GPS-amalandira chopangidwa odula, GPS-trackers ndi GPS-panyanja.

Zipangizo kungakhale wosuta ndi akatswiri. The chachiwiri modes osiyana quality, mafurikwense, kachitidwe navigation ndi mtengo.

Mwambo amalandira ndi kudziwa enieni malo, nthawi, okwera chitsogozo anapereka wosuta, liwiro panopa mudziwe msewu. mfundo chimaonetsedwa pa foni kapena kompyuta amene chipangizo amamangiriridwa.

GPS-panyanja: mapu

Maps kuyenda panyanja kuwonjezeka khalidwe. Iwo vekitala ndi raster mitundu.

zinthu deta zasungidwa mu Baibulo vekitala, malo ndi zina. Iwo angakhoze kuikidwa makhalidwe alili ndi mitundu ya zinthu zachilengedwe, monga mahotela, gasi, odyera ndi zina zotero. E., Pamene iwo mulibe zithunzi kutenga malo zochepa ndi ntchito mofulumira.

Mitundu Raster - mophweka kwambiri. Iwo akuyimira chifanizo cha malo mwa ndondomeko linalake. Izo zikhoza kupangidwa kuchokera kachipangizo chithunzi kapena mtundu mapu pepala - scanned.

Panopa, pali machitidwe navigation, wosuta kukwanitsa zinthu zawo.

GPS-trackers

Chotero wailesi kulandira zida alandira ndi transmits deta m'mene polojekiti ikuyendera ndi kutsatira kayendedwe ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana, umene Ufumuyo. Pamafunikanso wolandila, kudziwa ndondomeko, ndi chopatsilira kuti akuwatumiza kuti wosuta pa kutali.

GPS-trackers ndi:

• munthu, ntchito payekha;
• msewu, olumikizidwa kwa autonet adakwera.

Iwo ntchito kudziwa malo zinthu zosiyanasiyana (anthu, magalimoto, nyama, katundu ndi zina zotero).

Against zipangizozi angagwiritsidwe ntchito mbendera inhibiting njira kupanga kulowelera pa mafurikwense anthu kumene lodziwa kumene kuli umayendetsedwera.

GPS-odula mitengo

mawailesi izi umagwira ntchito modes awiri:

• Ochiritsira GPS-wolandila;
• odula mitengo kungosunga mu njira zambiri kukumbukira, omwe anadutsa.

Iwo akhoza kukhala:

• kunyamula, okonzeka ndi batire yaing'ono kakulidwe rechargeable;
• galimoto, ndi zoyendetsedwa ndi misewu adakwera.

Mu zitsanzo ano deta odula kujambula n'zotheka kuti mfundo thuu handiredi sauzande. Ena akufuna kuti mulembe mfundo iliyonse mu njira yake.

Zipangizo ntchito kwambiri mu ntchito zokopa alendo, masewera, kutsatira, sanjira, woyeza ndi zina zotero.

Global pamalo lero

Malinga ndi zomwe pamwamba tinganene kuti machitidwe otere adziwa kale ntchito pa malo onsewo, ndipo kuchuluka kwa ntchito amamuchititsa chofala kwambiri.

Global pamalo chimakwirira dera la mowa. Kugwiritsa atsopano zaluso zamakono amapanga chipembedzo chimodzi wotchuka kwambiri pa gawo ili msika.

Pamodzi ndi GPS mu GLONASS Chirasha akupangidwa ku Europe - Galileo.

Pa nthawi yomweyo pamalo lonse si popanda zovuta. Mwachitsanzo, mu nyumba ya analimbitsa nyumba konkire, m'dzenje kapena chapansi kudziwa malo achindunji sizingatheke. Phwando zimaikidwa kusokoneza mikuntho maginito ndi magwero wailesi, amene ali pansi. navigation mapu msanga zimasintha.

The drawback lalikulu ndi dongosolo amadalira pa US Department of silikhali, zomwe mwina nthawi iliyonse Mwachitsanzo, athe kapena zongolimbana chisokonezo wachibadwidwe wa onse. Choncho n'kofunika kuti kuwonjezera lonse pamalo machitidwe GPS ndi GLONASS, ndi Galileo amadziwikanso akupangidwa.