M'mbuyomu, mu 2012, zaka makumi asanu kuchokera nthawi imene anthu kugwiritsa ntchito atomiki kudziwa nthawi ya muyeso zolondola nthawi. Mu 1967, mayiko SI gulu la nthawi samatsimikiziridwanso ndi mamba zakuthambo - m'malo iwo anadza cesium pafupipafupi muyezo. Kuti iye anali dzina otchuka tsopano - koloko atomiki. Nthawi yeniyeni kuti amakulolani kudziwa kulakwitsa kakang'ono kachiwiri mu zaka mamiliyoni atatu, iwo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati nthawi muyezo kulikonse mu dziko.
A mbiri pang'ono
Zokhala ndi ntchito Phokoso atomiki kuti muyeso yeniyeni nthawi yoyamba akufuna mu 1879 ndi wasayansi British William Thomson. Paudindo resonators emitter maatomu omwe asayansi akamufunsirire ntchito haidrojeni. Zoyesayesa woyamba kukhazikitsa mfundo kuchita kucitika yekha mu 40s lapansi. mzaka zana makumi awiri. Ndipo dziko kugwira ntchito atomiki wotchi anaonekera mu 1955 ku UK. Mlengi wawo unali British Wasayansi Dr Louis Essen. Tinayesetsa anthu maola zochokera cesium 133 atomu Phokoso ndi asayansi chifukwa cha iwo potsiriza anali wokhoza kuti adziwe nthawi molondola kwambiri kuposa kale. Unit yoyamba Essen zolakwa chovomerezeka si kuposa wina wachiwiri kwa zaka zana, koma m'kupita yolondola miyezo mobwerezabwereza chinawonjezeka ndi kulakwa pa mphindi akubwera zaka mamilioni zana 2-3.
Atomiki wotchi: opareshoni
Kodi izi wochenjera "chipangizo"? Monga jenereta kumveka pafupipafupi mawotchi atomiki ntchito milingo mphamvu ya mamolekyulu kapena pa mlingo kwadzidzidzi maatomu. Kwadzidzidzi zimango amakhazikitsa kulankhulana "phata - ma elekitironi" dongosolo ndi milingo angapo mphamvu apawokha. Ngati m'njira imeneyi zidzakhudza wakumunda mu atomu ndi pafupipafupi mosamalitsa anakonzeratu, padzakhala kusintha a dongosolo kuchokera otsika yapamwamba. Ndi zotheka, ndipo n'zosiyana ndondomeko atomiki kusintha kwa mlingo wokwererapo ndi otsika, kenako cheza mphamvu. zinthuzo akhoza liyang'anire ndi kulemba kudumpha onse mphamvu, kupanga chinachake ngati dera zokhala (imatchedwanso oscillator atomiki). kumveka bwino kwake pafupipafupi zizigwirizana kusiyana mphamvu pakati pa milingo pafupi ya kusintha kwa maatomu akufufuta zonse Planck a.
dera Izi oscillation ubwino wakuti poyerekeza ndi zofunika zawo mawotchi ndi zakuthambo. Pakuti munthu wina wa atomiki oscillator resonant pafupipafupi maatomu ndi zinthu ali yemweyo, amene si pendulums ndi timibulu piezoelectric. Komanso, maatomu sasintha nthawi, katundu wawo ndi chiyani zisathe. Choncho, mawotchi atomiki ndi zolondola kwambiri ndipo pafupifupi lopitirira chronometer.
Nthawi yeniyeni ndi zamakono
Telefoni Intaneti, mauthenga pa Kanema, GPS, NTP-Seva, wotuluka zamagetsi pa katundu kuwombola, Intaneti amagulitsa nsombazo, ndondomeko kugula matikiti pa Intaneti - awa ndi ambiri zina zochitika zonse wachita kale mbe mu miyoyo yathu. Koma ngati anthu osati anatulukira wotchi atomiki, zonsezi akanatero si kumeneko. The yeniyeni nthawi kalunzanitsidwe kuti amalola kuchepetsa zolakwa aliyense, kuchedwa ndi kuchedwa, imathandiza munthu azipeza ntchito gwero wapatali imeneyi irreplaceable, zimene sizikhoza konse wochuluka kwambiri.