Kodi tiyenera chikwatu zolemba?

Foda - nkhani imene kusunga zosiyanasiyana zikalata, ulaliki ndi zipangizo malonda. Ndithu nthawi zambiri amatchedwa "Foda" zikumveka ntchito yofalitsa mabuku.

Kodi chikwatu zolemba

Pali maganizo Foda ndi puncher anatulukira Friedrich Zonnekken mu 1886. The kusintha kwa mankhwala wakhala anapitiriza ndi Stuttgart «Leitz» ndipo tsopano «Elba» Erich Kraut. Mfundo odziwika kuti chikwatu woyamba zolemba anaonekera kwa zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa. Mu 1896, katswiri ku Germany, dzina lake Lui Leytts, anakonza njira popanga kaundula mufoda. Iwo ndalama mtengo kwambiri ngati anali limagwirira mwachilungamo zovuta kuika zikalata. Emil Herster anatulukira njira yatsopano kwa mankhwala amenewa mu 1930. Choncho panali mbedza wapadera, yomwe inali pamwamba pa mumafodawa. Ndi izo, iwo anali anapachikidwa pa kapangidwe wapadera, amene ankawoneka ngati njanji ndipo anali mu chipinda, pa khoma kapena m'chipinda chotetezeka wapadera zolemba. Mmodzi wa kampani German mu 1959 anakwanitsa kutulutsa chikwatu kuti anali ndi kopanira makina mkati. Chonchi chikwatu chikalata akhoza kusungidwa mapepala opanda atangomva obowoka. Chotero limagwirira ogwiritsa angathe atagwira 60 mapepala. Mphamvu ya kopanira ndi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mu kupanga ake aloyi wapadera.

maonekedwe

Childs, chikwatu chikalata ali A4 kukula (215 × 305 mm), makulidwe ndi 5-7 mm. Malinga ndi kuchuluka anafuna angakhale osiyana. Nthawi zambiri, mafoda chikalata chikopa ndi wokulirapo. Iwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhani pa ziwonetsero malonda kapena misonkhano. Pali akhoza kusungidwa mndandanda mtengo, ntchito makadi, Catalogs mankhwala ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana kusindikizidwa. mumafooda malonda kawirikawiri chidapangidwa kuchokera ku katoni. Iwo ndi fano, amene anagwiritsa ntchito makina osindikizira kapena njira chophimba yosindikiza. Komanso, pali chikopa chikwatu zolemba, komanso pulasitiki, Archive, amene atseka mavavu kumbali zonse. Modern kapangidwe foda lili zinthu likutipatsa, omwe anapangidwa kalembedwe mgwirizano kapena chizindikiro kampani.

mumafooda mitundu

Makampani ambiri nkhani kuyesera kuti mumafooda olimba, omwe anapangidwa kwa mkulu-mapeto makatoni. The mbali lamkati la mankhwala kawirikawiri anasiya chitsegukire. Zikatero, ngati chikwatu zolemba ali mavavu mkati slits makadi Business ali mu ngodya m'munsi bwino. Mafoda segregators - mtundu wina wa mankhwala malo. Ilinso limagwirira arched ndipo kawirikawiri ntchito zikalata sitolo. Iwo Archives zikalata mwazaka, thematically kapena Potengela Zilembo. Pofuna kusunga zikalata ngati chikwatu, mapepala muyenera choyamba kupyoza nkhonya, kenako zimayikidwa pa mipiringidzo wapadera zitsulo, zomwe zili mbali ya m'linga. Chikwatu zolemba limakhudza mtengo lolembedwa, zimene zimasonyeza nkhani zake. msana wake ali dzenje chonse, amene amathandiza zosavuta kuti amuchotse izo. The binder akutumikira mwamsanga kusonkhanitsa zikalata zokwanira osiyana. Zikhale za pulasitiki kapena makatoni. Mu zolembedwa FODA kutetezedwa osati motsutsana kuwonongeka makina, komanso matenda awowo. Iwo atathana ndi thandizo la m'mabokosi wapadera zitsulo.