Culture caliphate mayiko: makhalidwe ndi mbiri. Chopereka cha Caliphate Arab mu chikhalidwe dziko

nthawi A pamene dziko Muslim anali pansi pa ulamuliro wa Caliphate, yotchedwa Golden Age of Islam. nthawi iyi inatenga ku VIII m'ma XIII AD. Iwo anayamba ndi mwambo wotsegulira Nyumba ya Nzeru mu Baghdad. Pali asayansi padziko lonse asankha kusonkhanitsa zinthu zonse panthawiyo ndipo kumasulira iwo mu Arabic. M'mayiko Caliphate chikhalidwe nthawi imeneyi, anakumana ndi kulemera kuposa kale lonse. Iwo anathetsa Golden Age pa nthawi ya nkhondo Mongol ndi kugwa kwa Baghdad mu 1258.

Zifukwa chikhalidwe

M'zaka za m'ma VIII, ku China ku gawo anthu Aluya atagonjetsa latsopano Kutulukira - pepala. Zinali kwambiri mtengo ndiponso kosavuta popanga kuposa zikopa, ndi yabwino kwambiri ndi cholimba kuposa amtunduwu. Ndi bwino kuyamwa inki kuti analola kuti anakopera mofulumira. Chifukwa cha kubwera kwa mabuku pepala akhala mtengo kwambiri ndipo mosavuta.

Caliphate kulamulira mafumu, ndi Abbasids, anathandiza kudzikundikira ndi kulanda chidziwitso. Iye anatchula dictum Mneneri Muhammad, amene amati: ". The inki wasayansi wa - chopatulika kuposa magazi a ofera"

Culture la mayiko Arab wa Caliphate anatuluka paliponse. Bukuli lili zipambano za chitukuko kale. Ambiri ntchito tingachipeze powerenga za masiku amakedzana anali m'Chiarabu ndipo Persian, ndipo kenako Turkey, Chiheberi ndi Latin. Aluya anaphatikizana, kusintha malamulo ndipo anagwira kudziwa unachokera ku mwambo wakale Greek, Roman, Perisiya, India magwero, Chinese ndi zina.

Science ndi Philosophy

Culture miyambo Caliphate Chisilamu pamodzi ndi malingaliro a anzeru wakale, makamaka Plato ndi Aristotle. Arab mabuku nthanthi linamasuliridwa Latin monga zimathandiza kuti chitukuko cha sayansi European.

Yachokera pa akalambula Greek, monga Euclid ndi Archimedes, masamu Caliphate, pachiyambi mwadongosolo ajebura. Aluya anayambitsa azungu ndi manambala Indian, dongosolo la tizigawo decimal.

Mzinda Morocco a University Fez anakhazikitsidwa mu 859. Kenako, mabungwe ofanana anatsegulidwa Cairo ndi Baghdad. Ku yunivesite kuphunzira zamulungu, chilamulo ndi mbiri Chisilamu. M'mayiko Caliphate chikhalidwe uli wotseguka kwa zochita za anthu ena. Pakati pa ana asukulu ndi aphunzitsi sanali kokha Aluya, komanso alendo, kuphatikizapo si aslam ai.

mankhwala

Mu IX m'zaka za Dera la Caliphate anayamba dongosolo la mankhwala zochokera kusanthula sayansi. Anzeru a nthawi imeneyo, Al-Razi ndi Ibn Sina (Avicenna) systematized kudziwa chi za mankhwala a matenda ndi kupereka mabuku amene kenako ankagwira ku Ulaya. Chifukwa cha Aluya dziko Mkhristu anapeza wakale Greek madokotala Hippocrates ndi Galen.

M'mayiko Culture Caliphate m'gulu zochokera malangizo a Islam mwambo wa zothandizira osauka. Choncho m'mizinda ikuluikulu kulibe zipatala free, kuthandiza onse wodwala anapempha. Iwo zimachokera ku maziko achipembedzo - Vakuf. Pa dera la Caliphate anawonekera yoyamba bungwe amasamalidwa ndi wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo.

Zooneka zaluso

Features wa Culture wa Arab Caliphate, zimaonekera makamaka ntchito kukongoletsa. zokongoletsera Chisilamu akhoza Musasokonezeke ndi zitsanzo za maluso abwino a mitundu ina. Pantchito khalidwe chokongoletsedwa ndi makalapeti, zovala, mipando, mbale, pamakoma ndi Interiors nyumba.

Kugwiritsa chokongoletsera kugwirizana ndi chiletso achipembedzo pa zithunzi za anthu zamoyo. Koma si nthawi zonse linkalimbikitsa. Mafanizo buku chithunzi anthu akhala ambiri. Mu Persia umene unalinso mbali ya Caliphate, ngati frescoes ndi utoto pa makoma a nyumba.

Nkhani cha magalasi

Egypt ndi Syria kalelo anali malo makampani galasi. Pa dera la Caliphate kuteteza wangwiro mtundu wa luso. Mu nthawi ya oyambirira Ages Middle dziko mankhwala abwino galasi opangidwa mu Middle East ndi Persia. Mwapamwamba chikhalidwe luso la Caliphate anali wofunika kwambiri ndi Italy. Kenako, Avenetia, nthawi ikugwira ntchito amisiri achisilamu analenga galasi makampani awo.

Zilembozo zinkasonyeza

Kufuna ungwiro ndi kukongola zolemba chinamulowerera chikhalidwe lonse la Arab Caliphate. Mwachidule anafotokoza malangizo achipembedzo kapena ndime a m'Koran anali umagwiritsidwa ntchito nkhani zosiyanasiyana: .. Ndalama, matailosi ceramic, zitsulo Grill, makoma a nyumbazo, etc. Master amene anali ndi luso Zilembozo zinkasonyeza, anali ndi udindo wapamwamba kuposa ojambula zithunzi zina m'dziko Arab.

Literature ndi ndakatulo

Pa siteji yoyamba ya chikhalidwe cha mayiko Caliphate yodziwika ndi ndende pa nkhani zachipembedzo ndi kufuna adzawathamangitsa ndi Arab zinenero dera. Koma patapita anali liberalized muzochitika zambiri anthu. Izi makamaka zinachititsa kuti chitsitsimutso mabuku Persian.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi ndakatulo nyengo. Vesi zimapezeka pafupifupi buku Persian. Ngakhale ntchito nzeru, zakuthambo ndi masamu. Mwachitsanzo, pafupifupi theka la mabuku lemba la mankhwala Avicenna analemba ndakatulo. Ponseponse eulogies. Pulogalamu epic ndakatulo. Chimake cha kukuchititsa zimenezi ndakatulo "Shakhname".

nkhani wotchuka "Chikwi ndi usiku wina" komanso chiyambi Persian ali. Koma koyamba asonkhanitsa mu bukhu, ndi zolembedwa mwa Arabic mu XIII atumwi ku Baghdad.

zomangamanga

M'mayiko Caliphate chikhalidwe unakhazikitsidwa mchikakamizo cha chitukuko wakale chisanadze Chisilamu ndi anthu a oyandikana Aluya. Izi bwino kwambiri akuwonetseredwa mu kaphatikizidwe wa zomangamanga. Nyumba mu Byzantine ndi Syriac kalembedwe khalidwe la oyambirira zomangamanga Chisilamu. Mapulani ndi zokongoletsera nyumba zambiri inamangidwa dera la Caliphate, anali ochokera m'mayiko Mkhristu.

Great Mosque ku Damasiko inamangidwa pa malo a tchalitchi cha Ioanna Krestitelya , ndipo pafupifupi chimodzimodzi monga mawonekedwe ake. Koma posakhalitsa anaonekera, ndi kunena Chisilamu mapulani kalembedwe. Keyruana Great Mosque ku Tunisia wakhala chitsanzo wotsatira maofesi onse Muslim achipembedzo. Iwo ali mawonekedwe lalikulu ndipo imakhala minaret, ndi bwalo lalikulu atazungulira porticos ndi pemphero yaikulu holo ndi domes awiri.

Culture la mayiko Arab wa Caliphate anali kutchulidwa kusiyana dera. Choncho, kwa zomangamanga Persian anali yodziwika ndi arches zisonga ndi horseshoe, kwa Ottoman - nyumba ndi domes angapo, kwa Maghreb - kugwiritsa ntchito mizati.

Caliphate anali malonda zedi ndi paubale wa zandale ndi maiko ena. Choncho, chikhalidwe chake yathandiza kwambiri pa anthu ndi chitukuko.