Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: yonena, photos, ziboliboli

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ndi chimodzi mwa Osema wamkulu wa classicism Russian, amene ntchito zinapatsira ndi zolinga mkulu wa Choonadi, emotionality yowala ndi lalitali umunthu. Malinga ndi otsutsa luso chiyambi cha XIX atumwi, aliyense ntchito yake, "limafotokoza kwambiri m'maganizo, mtima tione choyambirira ndi mbuye dzanja la wolemba."

Mihail Ivanovich Kozlovsky - wosema, kwa ojambula zithunzi zonse Russian amene anakhalako mwina lalifupi, komanso moyo wanzeru kwambiri. Chidwi kwambiri ndi mlengi anapangitsa nthano zakale ndi zilembo za mbiri Russian. Mu adapeza zolinga zomwe ndi zofunika osati kwa anthu a m'nthawi yake, komanso kalekale m'mibadwo yanu.

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: yonena

Tsogolo wotchuka ziboliboli anabadwa mu 1753 ku banja la lipenga ngalawa, mmodzi wa mumzinda wa St. Petersburg nyanja. Apa anakhala zaka wake ali mwana.

Pa zaka khumi (1764) Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich muyaya analekana ndi makolo apempha chiwerengero cha ana limodzi ndi St. Petersburg Academy of Tirhana. Pa nthawi iyi mu European luso - chosema, zomangamanga, kupenta - kukhwima ndi Pang'onopang'ono ndinayamba classicism. Nthumwi yowala kwambiri kukuchititsa zimenezi zaluso anali munthu wotchuka Russian ziboliboli Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich.

Mwachidule yonena za ziboliboli ndi:

• . 1773 ga: maphunziro Academy ndi n'kulandira mendulo ya golidi;
• . 1774-1778 gg: amakhala mu Roma monga boarder maphunziro;
• 1780:. Marseilles Academy of Tirhana kupereka iye mutu wa academician;
• . 1784-1785 gg: kuphedwa kwa nsangalabwi fano la Catherine II mu mawonekedwe a mulungu wakale wa nzeru, Minerva chakhala chikutenga kutchuka ndi kuzindikira m'nthawi (ndi ophatikizidwa maphunziro pakati pa mfumu yabwino - ndi wopanga malamulo anzeru ndi Woteteza wa Dziko Lathu);
• kumayambiriro kwa 1788, anatumanso kunja (Paris) kuphunzira;
• . 1790: Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich abwelela kunyumba, amalenga ziboliboli mkombero yabata;
• mu 1796-mamita amapanga ndi mndandanda kwambiri zina zachidule sculptural pa mutu wa Trojan nkhondo, nthawi ili yonse ikusonyezedwa ndi kufunafuna monumentality, zatsopano, omwe anakhala chimodzi pa kupititsa patsogolo ntchito ziboliboli;
• mu nthawi kuchokera 1799 mpaka 1801 ntchito pa chipilala mkulu A. V. Suvorovu, adalemekeza Russian Asilikali chigonjetso posachedwapa mu kampeni Italy;
• Mu 1802 Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich mu unyamata ndi luso mwadzidzidzi afa.

Iye poyamba anamuika ku manda Smolensk Orthodox. Mu 1931, ku manda anagwidwa kwa Alexander Nevsky Lavra pa Lazarevskoye manda

Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich: chosema

ntchito zake - staturnaya pulasitiki ziboliboli, yaikulu chosema ndi tombstones - ali zinapatsira ndi kutengeka kwambiri ndi chapamwamba umunthu.

Kalembedwe ntchito zake kwambiri kusintha mu aesthetics wa French chosema XIVIII atumwi. Awa, odziwika ndi: chipilala A. V. Suvorovu ku St. Petersburg, fano "Samson akugwera m'kamwa mwa mkango" (imakongoletsa tsopano mmodzi wa Peterhof akasupe), "ankakhala Bakuman" (Zima Palace) ndi "Hymen", analengedwa pa mwambo wa ukwati wa Constantine Pavlovich (as tsopano mu Zima Palace), chithunzi cha munthu, opangidwa phunziro la thunthu la munthu.

Wotchuka chifukwa chake anatsalira-reliefs: "Kubweranso kwa Regulus kuti Carthage," "Camille, akuvutika Rome ku Gauls" (ili ku St. Petersburg, mu Marble Palace), "kuphedwa kwa ana osalakwa", "Polycrates", "Cupid", "Mercury ndi Nymph", " Apollo "(chopezeka m'nyumbayi wa Alexander III).

oyambirira

Mu nthawi yoyamba ya zilandiridwenso mfundo yaikulu ya ntchito za ziboliboli ndi mutu wa boma ukoma, kulimba mtima wodzipereka ndi mphamvu.

Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ngwazi za ziboliboli awo amapanga otchulidwa otchuka nkhani ku Roma, amene dzina la Dziko Lathu ndi ubwino wa anthu zilolere. Ntchito imeneyi wake "Regula kutsanzikana ndi nzika Rome" (1780) ndi "Camille kumatha galling wa Rome" (1781).

Hill ndi zambiri image, momveka wa zikuchokera, kukonzekera kumva maumboni ndi mitundu - zinthu zimene kusiyanitsa ntchito imene Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich ntchito mu nthawi oyambirira zilandiridwenso. Chosema mwangwiro zikugwirizana ndi mamangidwe a nyumba, anamanga mu kalembedwe classicism oyambirira.

Mogwirizana chosema ndi zomangamanga

Makamaka zogwirizana m'dera zaluso awiri - chosema ndi zomangamanga - akuwonetseredwa mu pulasitala reliefs analengedwera kwa Concert Hall mu wa Catherine Park (Tsarskoye Selo). Mlembi wa hema, wopangidwa kalembedwe classicism okhwima, ndi George. Quarenghi (1783-1788). Ziboliboli kugawana ndi mutu wamba - nyimbo. Orpheus kusewera azeze zojambulidwa pamiyala tames nyama zakuthengo; Apollo, kuimba nyimbo, amasangalala khutu la Ceres; Imasonkhezera Art chionetsero makhalidwe - ziwembu chotero, chomwe tcheru kuti Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich. The mfiti (oyambirira reliefs) amasiyana rhythmic dongosolo equilibrated zikuchokera contours yosalala ndi akuluakulu zithunzi mwambo. mbali zonse izi zimathandiza kuti chilengedwe cha hema wapadera m'mlengalenga nyimbo.

Chifaniziro Catherine II

A fano lalikulu la Mfumukazi Catherine Wachiwiri mu mawonekedwe a mulungu wakale wa nzeru, Minerva (Ancient Rome) analengedwa ndi ziboliboli mu nthawi kuchokera 1784 mpaka 1785. Mfumukazi ndi waphimbika mu chovala wakale ndi surmounted ndi chisoti (mulungu wa makhalidwe). Iye anatchulapo ndi dzanja limodzi atagona pa mapazi ake ndi zikho zimene zimaimira chigonjetso apindulira pa izo. mfumukazi wina wagwira mpukutu ndi lofalitsidwa kuti "moyo wa malamulo omumvera ake. Choncho ophatikizapo maganizo awo mfumu wangwiro - ndi wopanga malamulo anzeru ndi Woteteza wa Dziko Lathu - Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich, ziboliboli zomwe zasonyeza kusirira kwa mfundo za choonadi.

"Vigil Aleksandra Makedonskogo"

Marble fano, wopangidwa 1780s, ali kuipidwa zamalankhulidwe nthano chabe. Chifaniziro cha ngwazi ulemerero wa masiku amakedzana ankagwira ntchito maziko ziboliboli kuti kutchula zolinga za maphunziro - maphunziro a kufunafuna nzeru ndi chifuniro cha kuuma.

Pulasitiki njira zikuchokera ndi mafano limatulutsa mzimu wa chete ukulu ndi kuphweka mfulu. Kuzilingalira kusalekerera osiyana ndi Kugwirizana, yosalala chikusefukira mosiyanasiyana ndi contours.

thupi mnyamatayo monga munthu stupor kuwodzera, thupi lake ngati "kuzimitsa" zabwino nsangalabwi frosted chivundikiro, mutu wake wakhazikika pa dzanja lake tikupumula pa bondo wake. Koma fallacy mtima ichi chimapangitsa mtendere ...

zina zachidule

Zosiyanasiyana zithunzi zomwe zilipo, ambiri mwa iwo ndi kukonzekera zina zachidule zoumba m'tsogolo, kufufuza chaubale ndi cholinga chachikulu cha mbuye - mu osiyanasiyana nkhani ndi mitu (nthano, Baibulo, Uthenga), mu njira ya malingaliro luso mawu.

Koma angapo zojambula Kozlowski akhoza amatengedwa kuti ndi ufulu Complete Works zojambulajambula. Mwa iwo analengedwa mu mamita 1792 "Imfa ya Hippolytus" ndi "Theseus masamba Ariadne." Otsutsa lozani sewero ndi mphamvu maganizo, kumene "kupuma" ntchito izi.

"Polycrates"

Zapakati pa 1788 mpaka 1790, a ziboliboli woyamba kachiwiri, mu Paris, komwe iye anapita kudziwa latsopano ndi zinachitikira. Chifukwa cha kamwazi wambiri wa zidindo chifukwa cha zochitika zisinthe, kuchita pamaso pake, anabadwa ndi kudzoza kwatsopano, mfundo yatsopano ndi nkhani.

Chosintha Paris ziboliboli anakankhira lingaliro kuchita nkhani ya mbiri ya wakale Greece Polycrates imfa Samo wankhanza. Nthano ya ziboliboli ndi Polycrates anatumikira monga maziko kwa chilengedwe cha mtundu wa ayankhe chongoyerekezera kuti zochitika ano. Pepala zinasonyeza chikhumbo cha ziboliboli zathu ophiphiritsa a luso. Kupanga izo chinanso. Mu chosema wake, "Polycrates" kum'patsa imafalikira mokhudza ludzu ufulu, kuvutika ndi kumverera mozunzika ya Kiyama ngwazi.

Pokhala azilambira

Mu 1792 mamita, mmodzi wa ntchito chidwi kwambiri yatha - chifanizo chokongola cha "akugona Cupid" (nsangalabwi). wolemba amalenga zodabwitsa yabata ndi zogwirizana njira.

mnzake ake mu maganizo analengedwa ndi fano ka "Psyche" (nsangalabwi, 1801) image, embodying ungwiro wauzimu, Chikhumbo cha unalloyed, wodala ali mwana.

"Samson akugwera m'kamwa mwa mkango"

M'chaka cha 1800 bwino ambuye Russian litapita kwa kusintha pa Big Peterhof kugwa. Ntchito ikuchitika pa zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi.

Malo chapakati mu dongosolo anatenga gulu kulengedwa Kozlovsky - "Samson akugwera m'kamwa mwa mkango." Polenga mlembi chosema ankagwiritsa ntchito zinayambira kale mu nthawi ya Peter zophiphiritsa limene Samsoni m'Baibulo anazindikiritsidwa ndi St. Sampson, amene m'nthawi ya 18 ankaona woyang'anira woyera wa Russia. Mu 1709, zikondwelelo yokumbukira wake (June 27), Russian ulemerero chigonjetso adagonja pa asilikali a Sweden mu wotchuka Nkhondo ya Poltava. Mu luso la Peter Ine, Samsoni anali mwini wake wa wopambana mkango Russian ndi (fano chapakati malaya Swedish mmikono) anaimiriridwa anagonjetsa Swedish mfumu.

Mu ziboliboli chachikulu akuonetsedwa amphamvu koma adaletsa kayendedwe ka thupi Samson amphamvu a. Kutembenuza mu malo mwa mwauzimu ndi, curving thupi kuti Titanic yomangika minofu kuoneka bwino bwino, zikuchepa tikutsegula miyendo ndipo mutu wake yoweramitsidwa, ndi ngwazi ya manja onse akugwera m'kamwa mwa mkango.

Akatswiri m'pake analozera moyandikana kwa chosema luso Michelangelo a. Koma maganizo ndi zosangalatsa zili gulu wakuya kukonda dziko lako kumverera, amene ndiwo ntchito yake Kozlovsky, Mikhail Ivanovich (chithunzi chosema ndi kutsimikizira kuti), kwa wowerenga tcheru ndi yosiyana Thumb - mbadwa Russian kulankhula kwambiri kusirira mbiri zoweta mtima - miyambo.

Mitu Russian mbiri

Mitu ya mbiri ya dziko ali kopita zotsangalatsa ntchito za ziboliboli ndi. Mu theka lachiwiri la 1790s analenga fano la "Prince Yakobo Dolgoruky akugwera lamulo la mfumu" ndi "Hercules pa kavalo." Kwambiri kudzipereka kwathunthu ku kulenga chithunzi cha kulimba mtima mkulu ndi otchuka wauzimu anazindikira mwa ziboliboli wake mkulu chipilala A. V. Suvorovu (St. Petersburg, 1799-1801).

Pano kupambana chipilala

Ophiphiritsa image, mophiphiritsa nalemekeza Russia ndi mtsogoleri wake wamkulu - choncho pakati Kozlovskiy Mihail Ivanovich chipilala kuti Suvorov.

Ntchitoyi inayamba pa moyo wa ngwazi wa. Ndili ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri Generalissimo anapanga dziko lonse ndi kuyamikira chosasimbika m'mbiri ya kusintha amunamuna a Russian asilikali a Alps. Ndewu 63 Russian sanali kugonjetsedwa limodzi, mdani 619 mbendera anali kugwidwa ndi opambana a. Wotchuka wa ku Italy ulendo adzakhala usilikali Russian ndi njira talente Aleksandra Suvorova chosafota ulemerero.

Ntchito ziboliboli ndi Kozlovsky anali kulenga moyo kupambana chipilala. Order wabwino mutu: sachita yaitali amunamuna moyo wa mtsogoleri wamkulu, osati m'maganizo a fano lake maganizo, koma zochita zokha mu kampeni Italy amayenera kusonyeza fanolo.

Chithunzi cha chinenero yophiphiritsa

Ndi ziboliboli asiya kuti chinenero nthano chabe. Kuwala wochepa chithunzi pa pedestal wozungulira - achinyamata wolimba wankhondo zida, odzala ndi mphamvu komanso mkokomo patsogolo. Ichi ndi fano la mulungu wachiroma wa nkhondo Mars. The chosonyeza dzanja lamanja, akugwira lupanga ndi mtima kwapadera. Mwamphamvu anataya copfunda kumbuyo. Wokongola wogona nkhope, monyadira n'kutukula mutu wake, chikhulupiriro sankafuniranso ndi kugonjetsa chifuniro, mwaluso kunditumiza ku zimakwana - ichi chithunzi idealized analengedwa ndi ziboliboli mulungu wa nkhondo.

wankhondo wake chishango chimakwirira wokwera kuseri kwa icho guwa la nsembe ndi Sardinian ndi Neapolitan korona ndi papa tiara. Tanthauzo la fano ili ndi zida Russian kuyang'aniridwa ndi kampeni Suvorov a Italiya kuteteza zofuna za maiko atatuwa zinkaimira.

Mumbali mwa guwa lansembe ili kanjedza mkazi kufanizira bwino makhalidwe a anthu: ndikuyembekeza, chikhulupiriro ndi chikondi.

Pa mbali yakutsogolo kwa pedestal pali fano la mlombwa ndi kanjedza nthambi anawoloka - chizindikiro cha Commonwealth namatetule wa nkhondo ndi mtendere.

Hero Chikopa amadalira zikho nkhondo - pachimake, mbendera mfuti. Mpanda kuzungulira chipilala cha chikugwirizana ndi unyolo zikuphulika mabomba.

tanthauzo lophiphiritsa amapezeka mu chiri chonse cha fanolo. Ndipo analembapo pa pedestal: "Kalonga wa Italy, werengani Suvorov Rymniksky" limanena za amene analenga chipilala.

Mkulu mkati choonadi

Pepala Kozlowski yekha zingaoneke noticeable chithunzi chikhalidwe analenga chongoyerekezera idealized chithunzi cha wokondedwa ngwazi wowerengeka.

Anapangira elongated ya nkhope, kwambiri akonzedwa maso, mphuno waukulu ndi gawo lililonse senile, pang'ono olowa pakamwa mkuwa mulungu m'nthawi ya nkhondo anazindikira makhalidwe a ambiri kwambiri.

Akuchita sawona bwinobwino kwambiri ndi kutali, kunja Chithunzicho zolondola ndi bwino osati zikulu- mlengi wa chosema lapansi. Kudzimana kudalirika chithunzi, iye anapereka chosagwedera chifuniro ndi mphamvu yogonjetsera Suvorov. chilankhulo Kozlowski yophiphiritsa - mu kuyerekeza mulungu wa nkhondo - ndi fano idealized la ngwazi za wamkulu Russian mkulu kwa zaka. Ndipo mu - mkulu mkati choonadi cha ntchito yake.