Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: yonena ndi ntchito

Njirayi imatchedwa "anaphonya mwapang'ono." Ndi "munthu wotchuka mu mabwalo yopapatiza." Ochepa owerenga masiku ano tikudziwa kuti dzina - Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Padakali pano, wachita kwambiri m'minda monga mabuku, sewero, mbiri, nthano ndi chiphunzitso cha zisudzo.

Banja ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka

Anabadwa mtsogolo chikhalidwe ntchito pafupi Kiev February 11, 1887. Dziko linali Polish, zikhulupiriro za chipembedzo - Catholic. atate wake - Dominik Aleksandrovich, nkhondo; anapuma pantchito, pamodzi ndi banja lake anachoka Poland ndipo anakakhala pafupi ndi mizinda Russian mayi. nyumba adagula ndalama kutali wopuma pantchito.

Dominik Aleksandrovich ankagwira ntchito yowerengetsera ndalama, ndi mkazi wake Fabiana Stanislavovna kudzipereka kwa ana. Kwambiri adatengedwa ndi nyimbo ndi akuimba limba zokongola, iye anawapatsa wabwino maphunziro chikhalidwe. Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund anali wamng'ono wa ana, anali ndi alongo anayi akuluakulu.

The mnyamata kuchilemekeza mayi ake, ankamusamalira mtima kwambiri ndipo anayesera kuti ndilandire ndalama. Mu unyamata wake ngakhale kuti kudzakhala kuimba ndi kuphunzira kuimba. Koma pambuyo pa mapeto a Kiev sukulu nambala 4 analowa University monga loya. Ophunzira a mipita ake phokoso, zokongola ndi yodzaza Kiev. The Mnyamata wina Pankhani ya maphunziro kwambiri - kuwonjezera chidziwitso cha chilamulo, ndinalandira kudziwa mbiri ndi philology, kupezeka nkhani zogwirizana.

Adakali wophunzira, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund anayamba kulemba ndakatulo. cholembera ake kuti nthawi mwini kuyenda zolemba zimene amapanga m'madera osiyanasiyana Europe.

ntchito Early

Atalandira digiri ya ku yunivesite 1913, loya wamng'ono amayesa ntchito zapaderazi ndi akulowa utumiki wa maloya wothandizira. Koma kwa nthawi yaitali m'dera limeneli silili. Kale pambuyo zaka zisanu chitaya lamulo ndipo sati anabwerera kwambiri kuposa kale. Mwina chifukwa cha izi zinali ulimi kuti chinachitika mu chisokonezeko ndi lamulo zadvinuvshaya mu ngodya kutali. Kapena, mwinamwake, monga nakodola Krzhizhanovskogo chikhalidwe ...

Siteji yotsatira ntchito yake inali ntchito ya lecturer a. Iye waima kutsogolo kwa ophunzira inali, Theatre Institute ndi mabungwe ena maphunziro a Kiev, kuwauza za kuwerenga maganizo a zilandiridwenso, nyimbo, mabuku, mbiri, luso zisudzo, ndi zina zotero. D. A luso mphunzitsi nkhani amakonda achinyamata.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund amayesetsa kuzindikira yekha ngati wolemba. Ena mwa zinthu wake: ndakatulo "Brigantine" nkhani "Jacobi ndipo ankati" - ngakhale osindikizidwa mu magazini.

Moscow

mnyamata Krzhizhanovskogo anali chodetsedwa ndi mndandanda wa zinthu zoipa. Akutiakuti, makolo ake anamwalira, ndiye mlongo wokondedwa Elena, ndiyeno amalume, amene Sigismund anali ochezeka kwambiri. Ndipo izi zonse kwa zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu.

Kufuna kusintha zokongola, Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, Wambiri chifukwa anthu ambiri anali odzaza ndi kuyenda, limayenda pa 22 chaka TH mu Moscow. Apa iye afika mu Komiti Theatre, amaphunzitsa pa situdiyo wake. The zisudzo chomwecho anali malo okha omwe Krzhizhanovsky kuona sewero lake pa siteji. Icho chinali kutchedwa "munthu amene anali Lachinayi". Chidutswa zolembedwa zochokera mankhwala odziwika Gilbert Chesterton. Ntchito zina za Wolemba wina wa ku powonekera, tsoka, kuti sanapulumuke.

Kutchuka ndi mavuto

Mu likulu la Soviet Union ngwazi za nkhaniyi ndinali yogwira. Iye anawerenga nkhani lake lalifupi, essays komanso ntchito mofulumira anali wodziwika mu mabwalo a Moscow ndi olemba zisudzo.

Koma kutchuka kwa Krzhizhanovskogo chuma simunabwere naye. Iye anagwira ntchito kwambiri podziwa kuti madzi si ikuyenda pansi ndi mwala kunama. Nthawi yatsoka wa aakulu, anathetsa NEP. Uliwonse tsopano ndiyeno anagogoda pakhomo, "Dr. Schrott" (Mlembi ndi anzake otchedwa njala). emaciated kwambiri ndipo ndinayang'ana wotumbululuka pa nthawi Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. Photo mochedwa 20s wodziŵa umboni kwa umphawi imene iye ankakhala wolemba. Koma sanafooke ndipo anayesera kupanga nthawi yaitali kwambiri kuti ankakonda kwambiri - kulemba.

Kuyesa nthawi kunapezeka kuti achabechabe - kusindikizidwa anakwanitsa yosowa kwambiri, ndi mkate amayenera kulowa mu njira ina. Krzyzanowski ntchito mkonzi pa nyumba kusindikiza, kukonza zolembedwa pa malonda, ndipo ngakhale mafilimu zonse, analemba libretto kwa opera ...

"Pushkin" ndi "Shakespeare" nthawi

Chimodzi cha "podrabotok" Sigismund Dominikovich anali ndi chiyambi cha nthawi ndi ntchito zake. Tikuyankhula zokhudza Baibulo siteji ya sewero la "Eugene Onegin" ndi Prokofiev.

Olimbikitsa Pushkin, wolemba kwa nthawi yaitali sakanakhoza kusiya izo. Iye analemba nkhani ongolankhula za ntchito ya chachikulu Russian ndakatulo (mwachitsanzo, "Luso epigraph ndi (Pushkin)"), ntchito ya pa "Dictionary wa epigraphs" ndi zina zotero D..

Ndipo pa equator 30 zinali pamapeto a Shakespeare. Konzekerani buku loyamba ntchito anasonkhana kwa oyamba tingachipeze powerenga Krzhizhanovskogo anauziridwa kulemba chiwerengero cha nkhani zoyenera mlembi wosafa "Hamlet."

Mwa njira, kudalira ntchito zolembalemba, utolankhani Sigismund Dominikovich zina kusindikizidwa. Makamaka mu mabuku monga "Art Soviet" "Literature wotsutsa" ndipo T D..

"Anaphonya inde"

Kwambiri "wakhama" nthawi ya zilandiridwenso Krzhizhanovskogo - 20-30s. Panthawi imeneyi gawo la mikango ntchito zolembedwa. Izi mabuku asanu, mabuku asanu wamfupi nkhani, essays, mabuku, masewero, ntchito pa mbiri ndi chiphunzitso cha zisudzo, ndi zina zotero. D. ochepa okha a iwo zinatuluka pa moyo wake. Iwo kwenikweni kuziwerenga pa zala za dzanja limodzi. Koma chiphunzitso kuti zonse za ntchitoyi linasindikizidwa chabe "poetics wa maudindo." Iye anachokera monga kapepala osiyana. Nthano "Kubweranso kwa Baron Munchausen" ndi wokonzeka kusindikiza, koma mwadzidzidzi wolemba analandira kuchokera wofalitsa anakana.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund, amene mabuku sanabwere amaŵerenga chachikulu, wakhala kukakamizidwa kulemba ku gome. Nawa ena mwa iwo:

• "M'mahema" Dziko "(1924).
• "Buku la Masekondi" (1925).
• "Club wakupha makalata" (1926).
• "Sindidzaiwala M'tsogolo '(1929).
• "Neukushenny chigongono" (1940).

Koma ife sindikuyankhula za ena scribblers! Modern zolembalemba ofufuza otchedwa namatetule wolembayo, kuyerekeza ndi upamwamba wa zaka - Camus, Kafka, Borges ... Iye analemba pa mlingo wa mabuku European wa theka zoyambirira za m'ma 20. ntchito zake ali olemera mu allusions, metatext, zojambulajambula kutanthauzira malingaliro a anzeru kwambiri, etc. Malinga mtundu ambiri a iwo akhoza zimachitika prose aluntha, ndipo ankakonda mtundu wanyimbo Krzhizhanovskogo - .. fanizo.

Mukudabwa chifukwa ofalitsa ananyalanyaza ambuye mabuku lero timakonda kukhulupirira kuti iye anali chabe patsogolo pa nthawi yake ndipo anali zovuta kuzimvetsa dongosolo Soviet. Ndipo sichinkagwirizana chimango ake, iye sakanakhoza olandiridwa. Sigismund Dominikovich zinalembedwa thandizo la Council, koma sanali mdani wawo. Iye anali, titero kunja dongosolo pamwamba. Ndipo wotetezedwa anaiwalika.

Mu 1939 Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund membala wa Writers 'Union, koma mfundo imeneyi si linapangitsa bizinesi yosindikiza.

masewera Krzhizhanovskogo

Kuwonjezera chilakolako chawo mabuku ndi zisudzo, anali Sigismund Dominikovich wina, koma odzipereka chilakolako. Iye ankakonda kupita. Ngakhale mu zaka chochepa, iye anathawa kwinakwake osachepera pa sabata. Ulendo anam'chitira ndi ouziridwa.

Ngati mukupita kukaona dziko latsopano, Krzyzanowski ankaphunzira mbiri yake, madera, chikhalidwe, kenako kuyerekeza chiphunzitso ndi zimene anaona ndi maso ake. kuyenda nthawi ndi nthawi chamoyo, ndipo anabwerera kunyumba munthu watsopano.

Pamaulendo anakumana ndi amuna chidwi ndi ngakhale lalikulu, lomwe Mwachitsanzo, Maximilian Voloshin ndi dzina lake Aleksandr akumwetulira, landirani ndi mtima wonse wolemba mu chuma chawo Crimea chilimwe.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich: moyo wa Wolemba

Akukhalabe mu Kiev ndi lecturing kwa ophunzira, achinyamata Sigismund anakumana ndi mayi wina amene anali mnzake wa moyo wake. dzina lake Anna Gavrilovna Bovshek. Iye anali katswiri wa zisudzo anakaphunzira ndi Stanislavsky. Atangochoka womdziwa fateful anapita ku Moscow, ndi Krzyzanowski, monga ife tikudziwira, kwambiri, n'kukakhala ku likulu la USSR. Komweko ubwenzi wawo pang'onopang'ono inasanduka ogwirizana kwambiri.

Komabe, Sigismund ndi Anna anakhala padera mpaka wotsiriza masiku a wolemba. Choncho, ife tikuyesera kusunga chibwenzi ndi osangalatsa chikondi chawo pa ladziko moyo.

Azithandizana chirichonse, iwo anali kukambirana wofatsa, kuyendera limodzi ... ubale wawo linadzaza ndi wachikondi, ulemu ndi ubwenzi.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Kuyambira 1940 Krzyzanowski pafupifupi sanalembe zosemasema. Adakali ntchito mochuluka. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, Moscow sanasiye kukhulupirira kuti wolemba ayenera kukhala kumene ndi phunziro lathu. Izi kunayamba nthawi ya essays ambiri pa likulu ndi nkhondo.

Iwo, monga kale, kuti si ochokera. Pakuti moyo wa Sigismund Dominikovich udachita Mabaibulo.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake anasokonezeka chifukwa cha matenda aakulu. Mu Maulendo Ake, Anna Bovshek analemba za matenda oopsa ndi magazi m'thupi. matenda anali chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mbali ya ubongo udindo kukumbukira. Ndipo Krzyzanowski anaiwala zilembo. Iye akanakhoza kulemba ndi kuwerenga - ayi. Ndipo ilo linali tsoka kwenikweni kuti munthu simungathe kulingalira ndekha popanda mabuku.

moyo wake wonse zapita mu umphawi ndi ululu. Kukhala osatetezeka kwambiri, Sigismund Dominikovich anasamukira mkazi wake nyumba yake yaing'ono. Iye anafa pa December 28, 1950.

cholowa

Mu Krzyzanowski analibe ana. Ine musatisiye pambuyo, ndi manda, kapena kani, kuli ake sakudziwika. Koma zotsatira kulenga ya namatetule anapulumuka ... Ndipo mathokozo onse khama la mkazi wachikondi mosamala anasonkhana timapepala ta, zinalembedwa cholembedwa mbadwa.

Ndi yowopsa kwambiri pa nthawi ya kupondereza, kusunga zolembedwa kunyumba. Koma palibe mmodzi wa iwo anavulala.

Monga wolemba yekha, mkazi wake sanayembekezere buku la ntchito. Only mu Mipingo mochedwa owerenga anakumana ndi wolemba ndi dzina la Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich. ntchito amatengedwa bwino mabuku ake asanu mu Russian linasindikizidwa ku 2001 kuti 2012. Izi zinaphatikizapo pafupifupi chilichonse chimene chakhala linalembedwa ndi mlembi: ntchito prose mwamphamvu, ndi chiphunzitso, ndipo ngakhale ena mwa makalata.

Krzhizhanovskiy Sigizmund Dominikovich, mfundo zosangalatsa zimene zili m'nkhani ino, anali munthu zachilendo. m'nthawi yake analibe nawo, ndipo tsopano kulenga "namatetule Abiti" sitinganene kuti misa. Koma anthu amene amakondadi mabuku ndi zisudzo, ndi kuonetsetsa mukufuna.