Kugwirizana kwa mafupa kuli ... Kodi ziwalo za mafupa omwe akadali?

Mafupa a munthu aliyense m'thupi la munthu ali ogwirizana pakati pa mafupa amodzi, mitsempha, mitsempha. Amapereka mawonekedwe ndi mphamvu, ndipo nthawi zambiri amayenda. Pafupifupi mafupa onse m'thupi la munthu amadziwika bwino.

Mitundu ya kugwirizana kwa mafupa

Pali mitundu itatu ya mgwirizano pakati pa mafupa: osasunthika, ochepa-mafoni ndi mafoni. Ndipo mlingo wa kuyenda mwachindunji umadalira mtundu ndi mawonekedwe a minofu, yomwe ili pakati pa mafupa. Zikhoza kuwamangiriza molimba mtima, zimapangitsa kuti asagwirizanitse kapena kusinthasintha kwake.

1. Kugwirizana kwa mafupa kumakhala koyenera kupangidwa ndi kusakanikirana kwake, kumadziwika ndi kuyenda pang'ono, kusakhala kwathunthu kapena kuyenda pang'ono.
2. Kulumikizana kwapakati pa mafoni kulipo pakati pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosasuntha ndi mafoni.
3. Kuti ziwalo zomangika zizigwirizana, zimayambitsa makina a kayendedwe ka thupi.

Zosasintha

Matenda osasunthika a mafupa ali ndi chigaza cha munthu. Mwa iwo, pakati pa mapuloteni ndi wochepa thupi pakati pa wothandizira kapena kanyumba. Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a mgwirizanowu, pali mapepala ogwidwa, odula ndi ophwanyika. Zonsezi ndizo gawo la chitukuko cha mafupa a chigaza ndikuwonetsa kusokoneza pamene mukuyenda.

Chifukwa chakuti Kusasunthika kwa mafupa kuli ndi chigaza, mafupa ake amatetezera ku mphamvu zakunja za ubongo ndi mphamvu, komanso kupanga mawonekedwe a nkhope. Chokhacho ndicho mawonekedwe a mafoni othamanga, omwe amagwirizanitsa nsagwada yapansi ku fuga.

Maonekedwe a mafupa a chigaza

Pali madokotala awiri ofunikira mu gazi:

• Mmodzi mwa iwo, ubongo, umamangidwa ndi mafupa 8 omwe amateteza ubongo ndi khutu lamkati. Mafupa ake onse amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ophatikizana a minofu - sutures.
• Khungu liri ndi mafupa 14, kumene mphuno, pakamwa ndi maso zilipo. Mafupa a dipatimenti ya nkhope amazindikira nkhope ya munthu. Mphuno yamphongo imagawidwa m'magawo awiri ozungulira ndi septum ya mafupa. Mbalame yotchedwa Bony, yomwe imatchedwa kuti mphuno yamtambo, imachititsa kuti kutuluka kwa mpweya wotentha kutenthe ndi kusungunula, kusiya fumbi ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda m'kati mwake. Amatulutsanso ziphuphu za paranasal.

Mafupawa amakhala ndi thupi lochepa kwambiri, lomwe limakhala ndi glue. Ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisasunthike. Mafupa oterewa amatchedwa synarthrosis. Synarthrosis imapezeka m'dagawa, mwachitsanzo, maselo ake, omwe ali ndi minofu pakati pawo. Ndi momwe mafupa a chigaza ndi mano omwe ali ndi nsagwada za nsagwada zikuphatikizidwa.

Kugwirizana kwasuntha

Munthu ali ndi mapiritsi 7 a chiberekero, omwe awiri apamwambawa amasiyanitsa: ma atlas ndi axial. Atlas ndi mphete vertebra yomwe imanyamula kulemera kwake kwa chigaza cha munthu. Dzina lake, mwa njira, limaperekedwera ku titani yongopeka, yomwe imagwira thambo pa mapewa ake. Ndi chifukwa cha kufotokozera kwa atlas ndi gazi kuti munthu akhoza kugwedezeka. Ndipo axial vertebra, kapena epistrophy, imapanga pamwamba pa dzino kumene maatesi amazungulira ndi chigaza.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapakati pa mafupa ndi minofu yamtundu, koma mu makulidwe a cartilage pali kanyumba kakang'ono. Kusunthika kwapadera kwa mankhwalawa ndi chifukwa cha mbale zomatira ndi zotupa.

Ma synchondroses ndi maulendo apakati a mafilimu pakati pa mafupa omwe ali otsika kwambiri. Mankhwala a kanyakaya amatha kuyenda mosavuta chifukwa cha kuphulika kwa kakoti kamene kamaphatikiza mafupa. Mwachitsanzo, kugwirizana kwa mafupa kumakhala kutsogolo koyambirira, komwe kumatsekera kutsogolo kwa pelvis, ndi disvertebral discs. Maselo a mitsempha amagawidwa ndi chinthu chimodzi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapanga chikhazikitso champhamvu, kuti chikhale chogwira ntchito, chochirikiza ndi chitetezo.

Zosamalidwa

Pali mitundu yambiri ya cartilage:

1. Hyaline (vitreous) ndilofala kwambiri. Imakhala yotalika, yosalala, yobiriwira. Amapanga mafupa a mluza, ndi akuluakulu - mbali ya nthiti, chithandizo cha mpweya ndi malo opangidwa ndi mafupa opangidwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mafupa achiberekero amakhala ndi mapuloteni oterewa, omwe amayamba kupangira mafupa. Zotsalira za kadoti pakati pa diaphyses ndi epiphyses zimangokhala zaka 25 zokha. Kuonjezera apo, sikuti mafupa onse a mafupa amatha. Imakhalabe pamapangidwe a mafupa, m'mphuno ndi m'matumba.
2. Zokongola (fibrous) - zoyera mu mtundu. Ili ndi ma foseni ambiri a collagen ndi mawonekedwe okhala ndi zochepa zochepa, mwachitsanzo, amagwirizanitsa ma disvertebral discs. Matenda otsekemera otchedwa cartilaginous intervertebral discs akhoza kuponderezedwa pang'ono komanso opotoka, koma chifukwa cha chiwerengero chawo chachikulu amapereka kusintha kwa msana.
3. Kutanuka (mauna) - mtundu wachikasu. Amadziwika ndi ma elastin ambiri, omwe amachititsa kuti zisinthe. Amapanga mafupa a chiwombankhanga ndi gawo la phula.

Collagen ndi mfundo zamphamvu kwambiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga maziko a zida zambiri zogwirizana zomwe zimamanga, kugawana ndi kuteteza ziwalo zofunika. Izi zimaphatikizapo fupa, mapuloteni, matenda.

Kusasunthika kwa mafupa: zitsanzo

Kulankhula za kugwirizana kwa mafupa, tifunika kukhala ndi synostoses omwe Amapangidwa kuchokera ku syndesmosis ndi synchondrosis ndi zaka. Pa nthawi yomweyi timagulu ting'onoting'ono timene timagwiritsa ntchito mafupa timasanduka mafupa.

Choncho, fupa lamatumbo ndi chitsanzo cha zomwe zimagwirizana ndi fupa. Amapanga chinachake ngati mphika umene umateteza ndi kumathandiza ziwalo za m'mimba. Lamba limeneli likhoza kulimbana ndi katundu wambiri, kuphatikiza kwa mchiuno kumakhala kozama kwambiri kuposa mapewa, kotero kuli kolimba kwambiri.

Mwachitsanzo, katemerawu ali ndi mapiritsi asanu ndi atatu (3-5) omwe amachititsa kuti azitha kukula ndikukhala mafupa amodzi. Chitsanzo china cha synostosis ndi maselo akuluakulu kapena fontanel m'mwana. Izi ndi synostoses zakuthupi.

Koma ndi matenda ena a mafupa, mafupa amatha kuchitika osati m'matumbo okhaokha, komanso m'magulu ena. Izi ndi synostoses. Inde, palibe kayendetsedwe kake ndi ossification.