Kungokonza mbali zowonongeka pamwamba msewu: luso, njira, GOST

Yosalala apamwamba msewu kali kuti kupereka zonse mawilo nsinga zoyendera ndi nsalu, ali ofunika kwambiri kuti msewu otetezedwa ndi wachete. Mogwirizana ndi ntchito yogwira msewu zonse n'zofunika kukonzedwa ndi kasinthidwe.

Panopa Mtundu wotchuka kwambiri wa kukonza pavements ndi kungokonza mbali zowonongeka. Ndi njira imeneyi ntchito zambiri kuposa ena, chifukwa ndi mochuluka ndakuwonetserani, waphindu ndi mofulumira. Komabe, alinso kwambiri madandaulo kwa oyendetsa galimoto amene alumbirira pa khalidwe la kali msewu ndi chiwonongeko mofulumira yamawangamawanga pambuyo kukonza. Koma chifukwa pakhoza kukhala, osati luso lokha, koma amene ntchito. Khalidwe kukonzedwa chimadalira pa kugwilizana ndi kungokonza mbali zowonongeka luso. Nthawi zambiri ogwira ntchito mosasamala musati ngakhale kulabadira zinthu ndi zofunika kuti ayenera kutsata pa kuphedwa kwa yokonza misewu, kotero osasamalira ndi kunyalanyaza maganizo ntchito ochuluka kukhala chifukwa cha kuwonongedwa kwa msewu msewu.

ubwino

Nakonso kukonza msewu sinafike kugwira ntchito iliyonse kubwezeretsa zolankhulirana, malo: phula yaikidwa yekha pa malo amene amafunika mwamsanga kukonza. Komanso tisaiwale kuti ntchito imeneyi ayenera idzachitika mogwirizana kwambiri ndi mfundo zonse za ndondomeko. Izi zipangitsa mtengo ndalama, nthawi moyo utumiki ndi pazipita khalidwe. Kungokonza mbali zowonongeka angathe kubwezeretsa kupitiriza, mphamvu evenness, nsinga ndi khalidwe la madzi kulimbikira zokutira. Komanso, amapereka muyezo nthawi okwerera utumiki.

Kungokonza mbali zowonongeka zogwirizana ndi zaka zambiri. Pali makumi ngati kukonza njira pavements, njira mulingo woyenera amusankha zochokera nyengo, boma intaneti, mwayi wonse wa ntchito zida wapadera ndi zipangizo zenizeni ntchito. Kungokonza mbali zowonongeka m'misewu angapo ubwino angatsutse:

• kulibe zonse slab kuyenda pa motorway / msewu;
• ntchito kukhazikitsa ntchito zonse zofunikira (m'madera ang'onoang'ono kubwezeretsedwa masana);
• sipafunika kuchita zimagalimoto asilikali;
• kungokonza mbali zowonongeka phula m'misewu sikutanthauza ngongole zambiri chuma (poyerekeza ndi ntchito ya kukonza yaikulu).

theka nkhondo

Childs antchito oipa yokonza yekha pamwamba wosanjikiza m'madera kuonongeka. Koma zoona, kungokonza mbali zowonongeka luso kumaphatikizapo kubwezeretsa ndi wosanjikiza chimapangitsa.

Asanayambe ntchito umakhala malire a zotupa wapezeka zopindika alipo, limatchula zopindika kuthekera, masamu ntchito sikelo ndiponso kudalirika pachilichonse, mphamvu ndi ❖ kuyanika roughness.

phula compacting

mabizinezi ambiri m'banja kuti agwire kukonza ndi kumanga misewu, ndi odzigudubuza yolemera matani 8. zida izi msewu wolungama ntchito zonse, koma ntchito kungokonza mbali zowonongeka kosathandiza. Kusindikiza makumi angapo mamita msewu ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito njira 'amaponda "imene akuyendera ntchito Buku akututuma mbale. Komanso, phula kungokonza mbali zowonongeka imagwiridwa ntchito odzigudubuza yaing'ono akututuma kapena amaika mumsewu.

njira ochiritsira

Ndi njira yokonza gawo kuonongeka koyamba wosiyana ❖ kuyanika, izo zachitika ntchito makina mphero msewu. Ndiye kukadulidwapo m'mphepete dents ndi kuwapatsa mawonekedwe anayi. Kenako, zosalongosoka gawo kuyeretsedwa ku fumbi ndi nyenyeswa ndi m'mphepete pansi kwake ankachitira ndi phula madzi ndi phula emulsion kapena kusangalatsidwa, ndiye anatsanulira phula mix.

Kungokonza mbali zowonongeka pamwamba msewu, yomwe ndi njira za makolo, timatha kupeza zotsatira apamwamba a ntchito, koma Chosiira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa wotuluka. Ndi ntchito yokonza zosiyanasiyana zokutira zopangwidwa kuchokera ku zipangizo bituminous ndi phula.

Kukonza ndi Kutentha ❖ kuyanika ndi kukonzanso ntchito chuma chake

Chotero kungokonza mbali zowonongeka msewu zochokera ntchito zida wapadera Kutentha zokutira - asfaltonagrevatelya. njira Izi zimathandiza kupeza zotsatira apamwamba, kupulumutsa pa zipangizo, kuti magawowa kuphedwa kwa luso ntchito. Koma izi kungokonza mbali zowonongeka phula m'misewu kutisokoneza kwambiri pa nyengo (kutentha ndi mphepo). njira yotero ntchito yokonza osiyanasiyana zokutira anapangidwa kuchokera zosakaniza bituminous ndi phula.

Kukonza popanda kudula kapena alikuwotha moto mpaka m'misewu yakale

M'chiwonongeko ndi mapindikidwe wa pavements ndizodzazidwa ozizira polimerasfaltobetonnoy osakaniza organomineralnoj osakaniza chonyowa ndipo ozizira phula T. D. ndondomeko The amalola ntchito mu nyengo yozizira pamene mvula ndipo yonyowa ❖ kuyanika, zosavuta kuchita, koma si angathe kupereka mkulu khalidwe ndi cholimba zokutira. Njira ntchito ndondomeko yokonza pamalo msewu ndi otsika magalimoto osalimba, nthawi, ndipo ngati muyeso mwadzidzidzi m'misewu mwamphamvu yapamwamba.

Cold njira kungokonza mbali zowonongeka

Izi kungokonza mbali zowonongeka pamwamba msewu, amene njira zachokera ntchito ozizira bituminous kapena asphaltic konkire zosakaniza monga chuma kukonza. Njirazi ali makamaka ntchito yokonza ndondomeko za ozizira phula simenti ndi wakuda miyala m'misewu ya gulu m'munsi ndipo ngati n'koyenera, zosakhalitsa kapena maenje mwadzidzidzi.

Ntchito kuyamba kasupe pamene kutentha mpweya si madigiri zosakwana 10. Mu malo kukonza ❖ kuyanika aumbike mwa zochita za galimoto wopita kwa masiku 20-40, ndi ubwino wake chimadalira zimatha phula emulsion kapena phula madzi, ufa mchere, zikuchokera ndi mphamvu ya magalimoto, nyengo.

Kuchita kukonza zotheka ndi pa otsika kutentha, motero yokonza zipangizo ogwidwawo, zisadafike. The mtengo kukonzedwa njira imeneyi ndi zosakwana pa njira otentha. The drawback ndicho nthawi yochepa ndi kayendedwe ka mabasi m'misewu ya ❖ kuyanika ndi magalimoto lolemera.

Hot mafashoni

Kuchokera pa katundu ntchito monga otentha phula zosakaniza utomoni wonunkhira phula, miyala ndi zabwino-grained, mchenga, etc ...

Njira ntchito yokonza misewu ndi chophimba phula. Mwina ntchito mpweya pa kutentha osati madigiri zosakwana 10 pa ❖ kuyanika maziko youma ndi thawed. Pamene ntchito kukonza heaters kuti pa kutentha osachepera madigiri 5.

njira Hot kupereka mkulu khalidwe ndi moyo wautali ❖ kuyanika.

kukonzekera

Pamaso pogwira ntchito iliyonse anachita ntchito zoyambirira:

1. Anaika kuchinga malo, zizindikiro njira ndi zipangizo kuunikira pa ntchito mu mdima.
2. Amalembedwa malo (makadi) kukonza ntchito choko kapena anatambasula chingwe. Map kukonza ocherkivaetsya mizere molunjika kufanana ndi perpendicular kwa olamulira msewu, kupereka mawonekedwe lolondola ndi mizere yolanda ndi ❖ kuyanika wawo.
3. Kugwetsa, yaphwasuka ndi milled kuonongeka ❖ kuyanika ndi pochotsa kanema. Aonongedwa amachitidwa pa ❖ kuyanika wosanjikiza makulidwe, koma osachepera 4 masentimita pamodzi kutalika lonse kukonzedwa. Pamene Nakonso bwanji wosanjikiza m'munsi, izo kumasula ndi kuchotsa makulidwe lonse.
4. Maenje kutsukidwa ku zatsalira kwa nkhaniyo, dothi ndi fumbi.
5. Makoma ndi pansi auma ndi njira otentha yokonza.
6. Makoma ndi pansi asonyezedwa phula kapena bituminous emulsion.

zikuluzikulu

Pokhapokha yokonza maenje akhoza wodzazidwa ndi chuma kukonza. Zida mayikidwe ndi ndondomeko za kayendetsedwe zimadalira kuchuluka ndi njira ya ntchito, mtundu zakuthupi kukonza.

Pakuti mabuku ang'ono ndi pakalibe stacking makina zikhoza kuchitika pamanja. Kuika imagwiridwa mu chisakanizo cha khadi 1 ndi kudula wosanjikiza kuti akuya 50 millimeters ndi wosanjikiza 2 pa akuya kuposa 50 millimeters. Pankhaniyi, wosanjikiza m'munsi angakhoze kuikidwa osakaniza miyala coarse, ndi chapamwamba - chabwino tirigu.

Pamene makina kuika osakaniza akudyetsedwa ku thermos hopper.

Pamene kutsiriziratu makadi mamita lalikulu 10-20. mamita phula osakaniza anaika paver. Pa makongoletsedwe womwewo udayesedwa mu Nakonso, ndipo osakaniza imatulutsa angaimbidwenso pa malo wonse.

Anatsekera phula zosakaniza mu wosanjikiza m'munsi ❖ kuyanika ikuchitika pneumobeetles, Buku kapena elektrotrambovkami odzigudubuza vibratory mu malangizo ochokera kunja kwa mkati.

Zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu wosanjikiza chapamwamba osakaniza ndi osakaniza aikidwa mu mzere umodzi pa akuya 50 millimeters, izo wothinikizidwa kudziletsa injini odzigudubuza vibratory kapena odzigudubuza gladkovaltsovymi malo amodzi mtundu kuwala, kenako odzigudubuza lolemera.

Pakuti maloschebnistyh mchenga zosakaniza ndi compaction chiŵerengero ayenera kukhala osachepera 0,98, chifukwa multi- ndi sredneschebnistyh - 0,99.

Hot osakaniza tikaumbike pa kutentha pazipita limene mapindikidwe pa anagubuduza wa zosatheka.

Zimfundo, amene protrude pamwamba pa ❖ kuyanika, kuletsedwa kapena akupera kugaya makina.

ntchito komaliza

ntchito Final kumafuna miyeso kubweretsa pamwamba msewu okonzeka kuti kayendedwe ka magalimoto. Antchito kuchotsedwa otsala zinyalala, zinyalala, kumiza iwo mu dambo la. Komanso, panthawi imeneyi, kuchotsedwa zizindikiro ndi zopinga msewu, chodetsa mzere wabwezeretsedwa pa malo kungokonza mbali zowonongeka lapansi.

amafuna zofunika

Khalidwe ndi durability misonkhano anakonza ❖ kuyanika makamaka zimadalira zoletsedwa ndi:

• kungokonza mbali zowonongeka amachitidwa pa kutentha yozungulira osachepera ndi chovomerezeka kwa yeniyeni kukonza zinthu pa mwaukhondo ndi youma padziko;
• pa yodula ❖ kuyanika akale atachotsedwa magawo lotereli zinthu tokhala kumene kutha ming'alu ndi zisamayoyoke;
• zofunika kuyeretsa ndi kuyanika wa khadi kukonza;
• muyenera kuchita mawonekedwe lamanja la mapu, makoma ofukula, kuphwa pansi;
• kwenikweni anachita processing pamalo onse maenje binder zikuchokera;
• kuika kukonza zinthu amachitidwa pa kutentha akadakwanitsira mtundu wa osakaniza;
• wosanjikiza ayenera makulidwe pang'ono wamkulu kuposa maenje kuya, kuganizira malire pa chiŵerengero psinjika;
• zosavomerezeka wosanjikiza mapangidwe zipangizo zatsopano pa zokutira akale m'mphepete mwa khadi kupewa mantha pamene kugunda zoyendera ndi chiwonongeko mofulumira dziko;
• kukonza zinthu bwino ting'onoting'ono basi ndi angaimbidwenso chamadzi ndi pamwamba msewu.

ulamuliro khalidwe

Polymerization wa phula simenti ikuchitika pa kutentha madigiri woposa 100, ndipo pansi kuthamanga. Pambuyo compaction phula osakaniza samuopa madzi. M'malo mwake, wobwezeretsedwa msewu padziko, ndi zofunika kwa madzi chifukwa kuzirala mofulumira ndi kubwezeretsa magalimoto.

Tikumbukenso kuti chosakwanira kugwilizana luso ndi kuphwanya malamulo anapanga phula yamawangamawanga kupulumuka zaka zosachepera 2. Ndi kusunga okhwima luso kukonza - osachepera zaka 5.

Panjira ayenera kutsatira (pambuyo kungokonza mbali zowonongeka imagwiridwa) GOST P 50597-93 - "misewu ndi misewu".