Kupatsidwa zina ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina mu Russia

limba kuchepa vuto kupatsidwa zina ndi opempha onse a anthu onse. About 18 anthu kufa tsiku lililonse chifukwa cha kusowa ziwalo mwiniwake ndipo zimakhala zofewa, osati kuyembekezera zidzatha. Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina mwa Masiku ano kwakukulukulu anapanga anthu akufa, amene pa moyo wake anasaina zikalata zogwirizana wa chilolezo awo chopereka atamwalira.

kupatsidwa zina Kodi

Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina ndi kuchotsa ziwalo kapena zimakhala zofewa wa mwiniwake ndi kusamutsa kuti wolandila. The malangizo waukulu kupatsidwa zina ndi kupatsidwa zina za yofunika ziwalo - kutanthauza kuti akuluakulu aja, popanda zomwe kuli kosatheka. Ziwalo Zina mtima, impso ndi mapapu. Ngakhale ziwalo zina monga kapamba, akhoza m'malo m'malo mankhwala. Monga lero, amayembekezera zazikulu mbali ya moyo wa munthu amapereka limba kupatsidwa zina. Kupatsidwa zina wakhala bwinobwino ankachita. Izi kusintha kwa mtima, impso, chiwindi, chithokomiro England, diso, ndulu, mapapo, mitsempha ya magazi, khungu, chichereŵechereŵe ndi fupa kulenga chimango ncholinga minofu latsopano anapanga m'tsogolo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba ndi kumuika impso kuthetsa pachimake aimpso kulephera mtima zinachitikadi mu 1954, othandizira ndalama ndi mapasa zofanana. Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina mu Russia anali woyamba ikuchitika ndi Academician Petrovskim B. V. mu 1965.

ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kupatsidwa zina zimene

M'dziko pali anthu ambiri amene akudwala mwakayakaya akufunika kumuika ziwalo ndipo zimakhala zofewa komanso njira za makolo mankhwala a chiwindi, impso, m'mapapo, mtima, wofu- mpumulo wa kanthawi kochepa, koma sasintha wachibadidwe alili. Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina alipo amitundu inayi. The oyamba - allotransplantation - chikuchitika mu nkhani imene mwiniwake ndi wolandira a mitundu chomwecho, ndi mtundu lachiwirili xenotransplantation - nzika onse a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Ngati kumene kupatsidwa zina za zimakhala kapena ziwalo amapangidwa kuchokera mapasa ofanana kapena nyama anakweza chifukwa cha mating consanguineous, ntchito imatchedwa izotransplantatsiey. Nthawi awiri oyambirira, wolandirayo angakhale nayo minofu kukanidwa, amene amayamba ndi chitetezo cha m'thupi la chamoyo ku maselo yachilendo. Ndipo toyesa ofanana minofu zambiri bwino bwino. Yachinayi zikuphatikizapo autotransplantation - Thirani zimakhala ndi ziwalo mthupi.

umboni

Monga mmene mchitidwe bwino kwa ntchito kukuchitika chifukwa matenda yake ndi mtima molondola pamaso pa contraindications, komanso ziwalo kumuika zinachitikadi m'nthawi yake. Kupatsidwa zina ayenera ananeneratu ndi mmene wodwalayo pamaso opaleshoni ndipo pambuyo. The chosonyeza chachikulu opaleshoni pamaso vuto osachiritsika, matenda ndi pathologies kuti sangathe ankachitira njira achire ndi opaleshoni, komanso kuopseza moyo wodwalayo. Pamene kupatsidwa zina pa ana mbali yofunika kwambiri kudziwa nthawi mulingo woyenera opaleshoni. Malinga ndi akatswiri a bungwe monga Institute of kupatsidwa zina, kuchedwa opaleshoni sayenera anachita pa nthawi alakwitsa yaitali, monga akuchedwa kukula kwa thupi achinyamata kukhala sizingasinthe. Kupatsidwa zina zikusonyezedwa nkhani ya HIV moyo madokotala ananena zawo pambuyo ntchito malingana ndi mawonekedwe a kudwala lapansi.

Kupatsidwa zina ziwalo ndipo zimakhala

Mu kupatsidwa zina, ndi autotransplantation kwambiri ambiri, chifukwa kumatha zosagwirizana ndi minofu kukanidwa. Maopareshoni ambiri imachitika pa khungu kupatsidwa zina, ndi adipose minofu ndi minofu, chichereŵechereŵe, zidutswa fupa, mitsempha pericardium. mitsempha Ponseponse ndi mtima kumuika. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka kuti pakhale microsurgery masiku ano zipangizo zolinga zimenezi. Kupambana kwakukulu ya kupatsidwa zina ndi kupatsidwa zina za zala za kumapazi pa tchire lapansi. Ndi kupatsidwa zina autologous mulinso kuikidwa magazi ake ndi imfa lalikulu magazi pa opaleshoni. Pamene allograft zambiri kuziika mafupa, mitsempha ya magazi, fupa minofu. Gulu la nkhawa magazi ndi achibale. N'zochititsa chidwi kawirikawiri anachita kupatsidwa zina opaleshoni ya ubongo, bola ngati opaleshoni ukukumana ndi mavuto aakulu, koma kulanda munthu zigawo nyama bwinobwino ankachita. kapamba kumuika amalola kuti asiye chitukuko cha matenda akuluakulu monga matenda a shuga. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, 7-8 mu 10 ntchito ndi opambana. Pa nthawi yomweyo osati kwathunthu kuziika thupi lonse, koma gawo - maselo islet kuti kupanga mankhwala.

Chilamulo pa limba kupatsidwa zina latsopano la Russia

Pa gawo la makampani kumuika m'dziko lathu ndi malamulo a Russian Federation ku 22.12.92 "Pa kupatsidwa zina ziwalo ndi (kapena) anthu minofu". Mu Russia, nthawi zambiri ikuchitika impso kupatsa, nthawi zina mtima, chiwindi. wa limba kumuika malamulo amaona mbali imeneyi monga njira kupulumutsa moyo ndi thanzi kwa nzika zonse. Komabe, lamulo limeneli n'kofunika amaona kuteteza moyo wa mwiniwake kwa thanzi wolandira a. Malinga ndi Chilamulo Federal pa kupatsidwa zina ziwalo, zinthu zikhoza kukhala mafupa, mtima, mapapo, impso, chiwindi ndi ziwalo zina za m'kati ndi zimakhala. Kuchotsa ziwalo akhoza kuchitika ngati munthu wamoyo, ndi wakufayo. Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina ikuchitika okha ndi chilolezo olembedwa a wolandira. Othandizira ndalama kokha anthu amatha amene akhala akukonza Kupenda mankhwala. Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina mu Russia ndi kwaulere, monga kugulitsa ziwalo ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo.

Othandizira ndalama mu kupatsidwa zina

Malinga ndi Institute of kupatsidwa zina, munthu aliyense akhoza kukhala mwiniwake kwa kuziika ziwalo. Kwa anthu osakwana zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu zakubadwa, muyenera chilolezo cha makolo kuti ntchito. Pamene kusainira chilolezo kwa ndalama limba pambuyo matenda imfa zoona zachipatala, amene amalola kudziwa ziwalo kuziika. Amachotsedwa mndandanda wa othandizira ndalama kwa kuziika ziwalo ndi otungira minofu ya HIV, matenda a shuga, kansa, matenda a impso, mtima ndi pathologies ena oopsa. A kupatsidwa zina ofanana imachitika kawirikawiri kwa ziwalo wophatikizidwa - impso, m'mapapo, ndi ziwalo unpaired - chiwindi, matumbo, kapamba.

Contraindications kupatsidwa zina

Chiwalo kupatsidwa zina ali contraindications chifukwa kukhalapo kwa matenda omwe akhoza kulimbikitsa chifukwa cha ntchito ndipo zingawononge moyo wa wodwala, kuphatikizapo amapha. contraindications onse m'magulu awiri: mtheradi ndi wachibale. Mwa mtheradi monga:

• matenda opatsirana mwa ziwalo zina zinali zofanana ndi anthu amene akufuna m'malo, kuphatikizapo pamaso TB, AIDS;
• kusokonezeka kwa ntchito kwa ziwalo zofunika kwambiri, chapakati mantha dongosolo kuwonongeka;
• khansa;
• pamaso pa malformations ndi vuto lobadwa nalo, si yogwirizana ndi moyo.

Komabe, m'nthawi ya pokonzekera opaleshoni chifukwa cha mankhwala ndi kuwonongedwa zizindikiro zambiri contraindications mtheradi pochitika mu gulu la wachibale.

impso kumuika

Zofunika makamaka mankhwala zimatenga impso kumuika. Popeza ndi chiwalo wophatikizidwa, izo atachotsedwa woperekayo si anati matenda a thupi, kusokoneza moyo wake. Chifukwa peculiarities wa kotunga magazi kwa impso kuziika umapulumuka bwino olandira. Zimene loyamba kupatsa impso ankachiritsa nyama mu 1902, ofufuza za sayansi E. Ullman. Pamene kumuika wolandira, ngakhale sitili pa mankhwala wothandiza kuteteza kukana limba yachilendo anakhala pang'ono kuposa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Poyamba, impso kuziika mu ntchafu, koma pambuyo pake ndi chitukuko cha opaleshoni ya inachitika kupatsidwa zina opaleshoni m'dera lake m'chiuno, njira imeneyi ndi kuchita lero. The impso kumuika woyamba unkachitika mu 1954 pakati pa mapasa zofanana. Ndiye izo unachitikira mu 1959. kuyesa kwa impso kumuika mapasa fraternal, ndi njira ntchito kutsutsa kumezanitsa kukanidwa, ndipo watsimikizira mogwira ntchito. zipangizo zatsopano kuti akhoza kuletsa njira zachilengedwe thupi, kuphatikizapo azathioprine anapeza amene limaleka chitetezo cha mthupi akhala sakudziwika. Kuyambira tsopano mu kupatsidwa zina akhala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito immunosuppressants.

matupi kusamala

chiwalo chilichonse chofunika, amene anafuna kupatsidwa zina popanda kotunga magazi ndi mpweya ungasinthe sizingasinthe, pambuyo umene wosayenera kwa kupatsidwa zina. Kwa ziwalo zonse, nthawi imeneyi ndi kuchita masamu mosiyanasiyana - kuti mtima, nthawi amayezedwa mphindi, kwa impso - maola ochepa. Choncho, cholinga chachikulu cha kupatsidwa zina ndi kusunga ziwalo ndiponso kukhalabe ntchito zawo, kumuika mu china chamoyo. Kuti athetse vutoli, ntchito kumalongeza, ndiko kupereka thupi ndi mpweya ndi utakhazikika. Impso kotero kuti inu angapulumutse kwa masiku angapo. limba kuteteza angadwale nthawi ya kafukufuku ndi kusankha olandira.

Lirilonse la matupi atalandira izo kwenikweni pansi kuteteza izi aikidwa mu chidebe ndi ayezi wosabala, ndiye kuchititsa wapadera kuteteza yankho pa kutentha madigiri 40 Celsius. Nthawi zambiri ntchito zolinga zimenezi njira otchedwa Custodiol. Perfusion imatengedwa kwathunthu kukopedwa pamene pakamwa m'mitsempha kumezanitsa mutuluka magazi oyera usawonongeke njira popanda zosafunika. Thupi ili aikidwa mu njira kuteteza lotsala kwa mphindi ya opaleshoni.

kumuika kukanidwa

Pamene Thirani kumuika mu wolandira chamoyo kumakhaladi chinthu mmene immunological. Chifukwa, atetezeke wolandira chitetezo anachita inadzachitika cha zochitika zosiyanasiyana pa mlingo ma chopatsa kukana limba kuziika. pasukuluyi anafotokoza m'badwo wa chitetezo mwiniwake pokha ndi antigens ya chitetezo wolandira a. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kukana - humoral ndi hyperacute. M'njira pachimake kukhala onse limagwirira kukanidwa.

Konzanso ndi immunosuppressive chithandizo

Pofuna kupewa amenewa mbali ya immunosuppressive mankhwala Kwalamulidwa malingana ndi mtundu wa ntchito, gulu magazi, mlingo wa ngakhale kwa mwiniwake ndi wolandira, ndi mmene alili. Kukana zing'onozing'ono anati mu ofanana kupatsidwa zina ziwalo ndipo zimakhala, monga mu nkhani iyi, monga ulamuliro, 3-4 Antigen kuchokera 6 mwamalunji. Choncho, mlingo ang'onoang'ono a immunosuppressants. Kupulumuka bwino atsimikiza chiwindi kumuika. Khalani limasonyeza kuti thupi amasonyeza oposa khumi chaka mlingo atafa opaleshoni ku 70% odwala. Yaitali zimene olandila ndi kumezanitsa microchimerism zikachitika, cholola nthawi pang'onopang'ono kuchepa mlingo wa immunosuppressants mpaka kukana kwathunthu kwa iwo.