Mafupa: masamu akudikira wofufuza

Koyamba, dzina thupi la dziko, chifukwa mafupa alibe ntchito ubongo. Koma dzina n'zomveka kwathunthu yokhala monga ubongo wazunguliridwa ndi mafupa a Chigaza, ndi chifukwa mafupa ndi "zobisika" mu umodzi. Nthawizina anthu samakhala ndi lingaliro momveka bwino za kapangidwe ndi ntchito fomu iyi. Tiyeni tiyese kukonza m'nkhani ino.

Unyinji okwana thupi zobisika mafupa si aang'ono ngati mwina anthu ambiri - ochuluka monga 4% ya misa, kutanthauza kuti thupi la munthu wamba (70kg) iye kulemera ndi 2.8 makilogalamu - ndithu kwambiri.

Mafupa ndi mitundu iwiri. Imodzi mwa mitundu ali, mosamalitsa kulankhula, thupi silingathe kukhala, ngakhale nusu ena mwa kulemera kwa makilogalamu 2.8. Tikuyankhula zokhudza m'mafupa chikasu. Ndipotu ndi maselo mafuta. Koma pali mtundu wina kuti histology pamodzi ankaona thupi zosiyana, chifukwa iye ndi wotanganidwa ndi ntchito lachinsinsi la hematopoiesis.

Chifukwa ife ntchito mawu akuti "lodabwitsa"? Popeza kuti magazi ndi mwachindunji mitundu yogwira maselo tsinde mwachinsinsi. Ndipo iwo ali zachilendo kwambiri. Weruzani nokha: selo zimaikidwa kugawa nthawi khumi okha, koma maselo tsinde palibe malamulo otere, monga palibe wina ndi khansa. Mwina ndicho khansa chifukwa ambiri a mafupa?

Tsiku pano aumbike maselo atsopano magazi theka biliyoni, n'zosadabwitsa kuti unyinji wa thupi aakulu. Red mafupa ndi bwino kuti aziwapatsa Mitsempha, amene ali odabwitsa pakuti kotunga madzi, maselo atsopanowo kubwera mu dongosolo ambiri magazi. Palinso wina wa malo a dongosolo lymphatic - mbali ya dongosolo wogwira mtima m'thupi.

Inde, wofiira m'mafupa anapanga lymphocytes osati. Choncho, mitundu itatu ya maselo zimachitika: mzere woyera ofiira ndi kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi. erythrocytes Red analandira "nkhawa" kunyamula mpweya, woyera - woyera magazi maselo-amateteza (kuphatikizapo lymphocytes) ndi kupatsidwa zinthu za m'mwazi - maselo udindo clotting magazi, zomwe zimathandiza thupi zochitika za kutaya magazi.

Osati maselo onse m'thupi zimafala mu thupi. Yaikulu chiwerengero cha iwo mabodza nthawi pokhala m'mafupa. Ndipotu, pali nthawi 50 neutrophils kwambiri (leukocytes view) kuposa magazi, ndulu ndi chiwindi. Izi "wapadera detachment" kuti vigilantly kumatiteteza kulowerera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Iwo anatani yomweyo ndipo woyamba kusiya mafupa, kuti kuukira adani. Pali kwenikweni "kudya" mdani kumatchedwa phagocytosis.

Asanabadwe mwana yopanga maselo magazi ndi udindo chiwindi. Koma m'kupita njira ya hematopoietic (magazi kupanga ziwalo) pali damped, ndipo okha wofiira mafupa akugwira ntchito usana ndi usiku pa chilengedwe cha maselo amachokera kwa magazi. Linanena bungwe ku thupi ili si, ngati mukubwera braking opareshoni, zikutanthauza kuti thupi ndi mavuto ndi kuyesetsa panopa kuti amayesetsa vutoli. Choncho, matenda aakulu magazi ankachitira kwambiri. Pambuyo Thirani pa mafupa sikovuta - n'kosavuta kuti munakhala. Ife tikudziwa kuti ndi chigawo chimodzi cha chitetezo cha m'thupi, ndipo makamaka munthu ndi mosalephera nkhondo. Choncho, yesetsani kuti ndikasendeza mafupa okha basi pa achibale apamtima.

Pobadwa, ambiri a mafupa - wofiira, theka la wamkulu adayamba chikasu. Komabe, m'zochitika kwapadera, thupi kulamula - achikasu mafupa mwadzidzidzi akutembenukira wofiira kachiwiri. Kodi? Ndi chinsinsi - ndipo iye akuyembekezera kuti kufukulidwa. Nthawi zambiri, dongosolo la mwazi, womwenso uli Bony ubongo wa munthu ndi zovuta kwambiri ndiponso zinsinsi. Zinthu zambiri zosiyanasiyana, ndi zovuta kuzimvetsa kwambiri kwa ife.