Kupukuta pamapepala pamakina opanga mafakitale. Momwe mungapangire tsamba kugwedezeka ndi manja anu

Pogwiritsa ntchito makina osungiramo katundu, makina omwe ali ndi zokolola zambiri, makina oyendetsa magalasi, makina oyendetsa makina, ndi zipangizo zoyendetsera galasi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo ndi mapepala ang'onoang'ono omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zazing'ono, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati zogwirira ntchito payekha kapena malo ogulitsira malonda ochepa, zimakhala zopindulitsa kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito pepala lopukuta pepala.

Kodi makina opukuta pepala ndi chiyani?

Zipangizo zatsopano zinapangidwa kuti zithandize kupanga zojambula popanga zitsulo zamatope , zitsulo zamagetsi, magalimoto, ndi zina zing'onozing'ono za padenga. Sheetogib ndichitsulo chosungunula, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupuntha mkuwa, chitsulo, aluminium, bolodi, mapepala ena apulaneti. Kupukuta kwa Bukuli kumatha kugoka chitsulo pang'onopang'ono, popanda kuphwanya ndegeyo.

Kwa ntchito pa munda wa pakhomo, sikuli koyenera kugula mtengo wotsika mtengo, ndizopindulitsa kwambiri kupanga manja ndi manja anu. Maphunziro amanenapo kuti chipangizo chopangidwa ndi zipangizochi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo mpaka 2 mm wakuda, kutalika kwa ntchito yopita kuntchito ndi mamita 4, mbiriyi imatha kupindika mpaka kufika 180 °. Zowonongeka, mungathe kuitcha chipangizo chowombera ndi chiwindi, chitsimikizo ndi kuyika.

Kodi ogulitsa mapepala ogulitsa mafakitale amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti?

Makina amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mbali zowonongeka mu chuma cha dziko:

• Nyumba zitsulo zamatabwa zowonongeka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga monga zowonongeka za madzi ndi mauthenga osokoneza bongo, kudenga, kutseka madzi, kutsegula mawindo;
• Kupanga mipando kuti apange mabokosi, mabokosi, ma cones;
• Mu makina osindikizira makina, mapepala amawongolera mbali zopanda pake, matupi a galimoto, trailers;
• Kupanga zipangizo zamagetsi;
• Mu mawonekedwe a ngalawa, ndege ndi makomboti.

Makina osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo

Makina opunthira amakhala ndi nthawi yomweyo yogwiritsira ntchito torque, kusiyana kuli mu galimoto yomwe mphamvu imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Mpweya;
• Hydraulic;
• Njira;
• Electromechanical;
• Tsamba lopukuta pamanja.

Mapepalawa amaperekedwa kumalo ogwira ntchito mwaluso kapena mwachindunji, kuika kwa kukula kwake kumasiyana kwambiri ndi magawo awiriwa.

Makina ogulira makina

Zipangizozi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchokera ku ndege, zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu kuti zitsitsimutse. Mukachikakamiza, mbaliyo imayendetsedwa pambali yowonjezerapo, kuwonjezereka kwa mkono wamatsitsi kusintha mphamvu yofunikira.

Zida zamagetsi zopangira mapepala

Ndiwo mawonekedwe abwino a mawotchi. Mphamvu yamagetsi imaperekedwa kwa chiwindi ndi magetsi. Makina amenewa ndi ofala kwambiri pakati pa akatswiri chifukwa cha ntchito yabwino komanso yopezeka. Mapulogalamu onse akugwedezeka akuwoneka mwachangu, woyendetsa yekha amangowonjezera batani, kukonzekera magawo.

Makina ambiri amatha kulimbana ndi mayesero mazana ma kilogalamu, pali zamphamvu zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi matani. Maselo osokoneza mphamvu zamagetsi ali ochepa muyeso, amagwira ntchito yochepa phokoso la phokoso, akugulira zigawo zambiri mu nthawi yochepa, pafupi ndi mazana angapo mfundo pamphindi.

Mapangidwe a makina opukuta bongo

Buku la roller listogib lili ndi mapangidwe ake ambiri omwe amatsimikizira ntchito yake. Chitsulo chamtengo wapatali, pepala kapena chitsulo chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizidwa ndi mtengo wopanikiza. Kupanga mawonekedwe a gawoli kumachitika ndi mtengo wapadera. Kugubuda mbali kumayikidwa ndi wogwira ntchito ndipo kumasiyana ndi mafakitale osiyanasiyana.

Protractor amapangidwa ngati disk ndi magawo odulidwa, kuti athe kukhazikitsa kukula kofunikira kwa kupindika. Kuyika ndi kusuntha kwa zinthu zomwe zimachitika pa tebulo lakumbuyo ndi malo odyetsera zakudya. Babu yowonjezera imabweretsedwa kuntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chogwiritsira ntchito. Mpangidwe wa kupindika kwapamwamba umakhazikitsidwa ndi chipangizo chogwiritsira ntchito chowongolera ndi chopindika. Monga mwasankha, mabaki amaikidwa pazenera zozungulira ndi mawilo, LGS imayenda pa iyo. Kugulira buku kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalo asanayambe ntchito.

Makina a gawo

Mu zipangizo zamakina ndi galimoto yopangira, chitsulo chimawongolera chifukwa cha mphamvu ya thupi ya wogwira ntchito mwa kukanikiza phokoso la pivot. Zitsanzo zina zimapangidwa ndi pedal. Mothandizidwa ndi makina opangidwa ndi manja, n'zotheka kukonza mapepala akuluakulu komanso ang'onoang'ono. Mitundu yamtundu uwu imapezeka nthawi zambiri payekha palimodzi kuti apangire ziwalo zomangika zomwe zimapangidwira zosowa zapakhomo. Mfundo yakuti bukhuli silinaphatikizepo zinthu zowonongeka ndi zopukutira zimapangitsa makina kukhala olimba ndi osatha. Amisiri amisiri amagwiritsira ntchito makina omwe ali ndi makina osungira pazitsulo zothandizira ndi malo osankhidwa omwe amapangidwa kuti apange mbali zovuta.

Sepala lopangidwa ndi manja

Icho chimapanga mkangano wodula nsalu kuchokera ku pepala zowonjezera, njira iyi imakhala yotheka chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa magawo ofanana magawo. Kuti ntchito yogwira ntchito ikhale yogwiritsidwa ntchito. Pali malo oyika zigawo ndi chipangizo chosinthira. Pothandizidwa ndi chiwindi cha dzanja, mtandawo umasinthidwa kuti ufike kumtunda, ngati mphamvu ya makina ndi yaikulu, ndiye kuti galimoto ikuyendetsa galimoto kuti ipereke mphamvu.

Kupanga makalata opangira mapepala kumapereka zowonongeka kwazitsulo zonse pazithunzi ndi mtundu wa chimango chosonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku zitsulo zopangidwa ndi zitsulo. Kusuntha kunali kolunjika osati kusunthira ku mbali, kujambula zipangizo zamalangizo. Zokonzekera zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamagetsi kapena maginito. Kusinthasintha kwapadera kwa workpiece ndi makina opangira ndi chifukwa cha akasupe kuti athe kulipira.

Zachigawo Zagawo Zachigawo

Yabwino ndi yothandizira kalasi yazitsulo XVG kapena 9XS, yomwe makina opanga amapangidwa. Tsamba lamaphunziroli lili ndi magawo ogwira ntchito kuti mubzala ndikugwedeza mankhwalawa. Mpando umapangidwira kuti ugwire, ndipo mbali yogwira ntchito ikupangidwira kuganizira zosiyana kwambiri za kugwedeza. Mu makina olimbitsa thupi, kutalika kwa chida cha gawo sikusinthika ndipo kwa mitundu yonse ya zipangizo ndi chimodzimodzi.

Zolemba zamakono

Mapulogalamu opangira mitundu yonse ya makina oyendetsera ntchito ndi ofanana ndi awa:

• Onetsetsani kupukuta kwa mapepala ofunika kwambiri mpaka mamita limodzi ndi theka;
• Amagwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zosakaniza ndi zitsulo mpaka 3 mm wakuda, mpaka mamita 4 kutalika;
• Malingaliro omwe mungakhoze kuwerengera pamene mukugwedezeka, mu zitsanzo zosiyana ndi kuyambira 140 mpaka 180º;
• Kupukutira bukuli kumapangitsa kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera komwe kumakhalako kumakhala kumbali ndi m'mphepete.

Kupanga makina ogulira mapepala ndi manja awo

Pofuna kugwiritsira ntchito mapepala a zitsulo m'nyumba yaumwini, ndikokwanira kupanga opopera ndi manja. Zithunzi asanayambe kudula zitsulo ndi msonkhano wa chimango ziyenera kuchitika ndithu. Zokopa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zimapangitsa kupanga makina kuti gawo lolimba kwambiri la makina lizindikire ntchito yaikulu.

Cholinga Chopanga makina osungunula

Kusankha kogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono kumadalira cholinga chake:

1. Poyamba, kupukuta kwa mapepala kumachitika pa 90 °. Makina onse opangidwa ndi makina omwe amapanga makinawo amachititsa kuti phokoso liziyenda mozama kwambiri, pamene likupita patsogolo pang'ono.

1. Njira yachiwiri ndi makina othandizira olemba zitsulo. Zipangizozi zimagwira ntchito pa malo ogulitsa mafakitale, zimafuna ndalama zambiri ndi ntchito ya katswiri wodziwa bwino.
2. M'chigawo chachitatu, makina opangidwa motalika amapangidwa, pomwe ma radius amaikidwa posintha malo omwe amapangira zakudya. Zinthu zimenezi zimakhala zozizira zambiri ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapepala, kuphatikizapo mapaipi ambirimbiri. Pepala lopukuta lalemba kuchokera ku bolodi lopangidwa ndi ma rollers opangidwa ndi ma profiled for rolling material materials, skate, mapeto, zotengera zamkati.

Njira yoyamba ndiyo yoyenera kwambiri podula kachipangizo kanyumba kunyumba.

Kuti mudziwe mphamvu ndi mtundu wa makina, malingaliro ake akuyenera kuphunzira:

• Makinawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi chitsulo chazitsulo chosanjikizidwa cha pepala mpaka 0,6 mm, zamkuwa - mpaka 1 mm, zitsulo zotayidwa zimakwera mpaka 0,7 mm wakuda;
• Tsambali liyenera kukhala ndipatali kuposa 1 mamita;
• Kufuna kwa khoma lopindika sikuti si 120º;
• Chiwerengero chachikulu cha ntchito zopanda malire chikufika kufika 1200;
• Zovuta kusinthana ntchito ndi zigawo zosagwirizana ndi ntchito, zimafuna kukonzanso.

Zida Zofunikira

Kwa chipangizo cha bedi, galimoto imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi kutalika kwa No. 12. Chingwe choyambira chimapangidwa ndi mtengo wa matabwa wa kukula kwake, malingana ndi kamangidwe kameneka. Kuti apange tsaya labwino, chitsulo chokhala ndi 6-9 mm ndi choyenera. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko yoyendetsa nkhono nambala 60-80, pazitsulo za nkhonya zakonzedwa ndi mamita 10 mm. Zithunzi zamapepala amapereka chithunzithunzi cha ngodya yachitsulo yachiwiri Nambala 80-100 kapena njira 10. Nsaluyi imapangidwanso ndi mphamvu ya mamita 10 mm.

Pogwiritsa ntchito nkhonya, ndibwino kuti musagwiritse ntchito ngodya, koma mzere, popeza kuti katundu pa gawoli waperekedwa m'njira yoti ngodya iweramire pakati, zomwe zingayambitse kuvala msanga. Silifu yowonjezera yachitsulo idzagwira ntchito yogwira ntchito. Zida zomwe zimakhala ndi nkhonya kuchokera kumsewu zimakhala pafupifupi 1200 zokhotakhota, ndipo makina omwe ali ndi ngodya yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito idzatha pambuyo pa miyezi 250.

Msonkhano wotsatira wa zipangizo zoweta

Kupukutira pamapepala kukuphatikizidwa mu ndondomeko yomwe yafotokozedwa pazojambulazo. Pambuyo pake, chimbudzi chokhala ndi wrench, chidendene ndi mphuno zasonkhanitsidwa, kuchokera pa ngodya 60, ndiye tsaya lamangidwa. Kenaka, pangani maziko ndi mabakona kuchokera ku ngodya ya nambala 110, yomwe pamapeto pake panagwiritsa ntchito mtengo wopangira. Mbali zonse pamodzi ndi nkhonya pazitsulo zikuphatikizidwa pa chimango.

Phokoso lochokera m'munsimu ndilopiringizika pambuyo pa msonkhanowo ndi kuwotcha zipangizo zonse. Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito chopukusira pogaya ngakhale pamwamba kapena kuponyera ndi fayilo. Khola lopachika liyenera kulimbikitsidwa ndi chitsulo chojambulidwa, ndipo kutalika kuyenera kukhala 5 cm wamfupi kuposa m'munsi.

Pamapeto pake, kumenyana kumapangitsa kuti asiye pamakona a ngodya. Mbali zolimbikitsana zokhudzana ndi zojambula zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pakatikati pa alumali pamakona ali ndi dzenje 8 mm m'mimba mwake. Zojambula za masamba zimapereka kuti nkhonyayo imapangidwa yayifupi kusiyana ndi kukakamizidwa ndi 100 mm. Chiwindicho chimapangidwa ndi kumangiriza ndi kusungunula pamphuno ndi kutsekemera. Kuti apange masaya, tengani pepala lachitsulo ndi kubowola mabowo mmenemo masentimita 1 kuti muike zitsulo. Pamphepete mwake, chigawo chokhala ndi masentimita 0,6 chimachotsedwa kumapeto, kutalika kwake ndi 3.2 cm.Powalowetsa ndi nkhwangwa zowonjezera, ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuti zoyendetsera zawo ndi m'mphepete ziyenera kugwirizana.

Zitetezero za chitetezo

Makinawo ali ndi zipangizo zomwe zili ndi vuto lalikulu, kotero kuti kutsatira malamulo ayenera kukhala koyamba. Musanayambe kuphunzira phunziroli, yang'anani njira zamakono zomwe zimapangidwira mankhwalawa ndikutsatira bwino. Makina opanga makina kapena kupanga makina, ntchito iyenera kuyamba ndi zofunikira:

• Valani zovala zogwirira ntchito ndi kuwona kukhalapo kwa kupachikidwa ndi kumayendetsa zigawo, siziyenera kuchotsa mabatani, kuwomba mphezi, makapu;
• Onetsetsani momwe zinthu zimagwirira ntchito ndi kukonzekera pazitsulo; zolakwa zonse zimachotsedwa makina asanayambe;
• Kugwira ntchito kutali ndi makina ndi mamita 1, kupita ku zipangizo sizingatheke ndi zinthu zakunja;
• Kuntchito kuyenera kuunika kokwanira, madzulo kuliletsedwe kugwira ntchito;
• Kwa makina aliwonse ali ndi zilolezo zovomerezeka zazitsulo, sizingatheke kugwiritsira ntchito mzere wazithunzi ndi mafotokozedwe;
• Zimaletsedwa kuchoka kuntchito ndikukhala palibe pomwe makinawa atsegulidwa.

Kutsiliza

Pogwiritsa ntchito makina opangira ntchito, pali zowonongeka zambiri zomwe eni nyumba apakhomo amagwiritsira ntchito pokonza malo komanso nyumbayo. Makina opangidwa ndi kupukuta ndi manja awo adzakhala chithandizo chenicheni kwa amisiri ndi anansi awo. Sizovuta kupanga ndi kusonkhanitsa makina otere, chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti zidzakhala zenizeni zenizeni zowona nyumba.