Kuwotcherera zimfundo: mitundu ya matabwa ndi zimfundo

Pogwira ntchito kuwotcherera kubala mankhwala osiyana. Welds akhoza chokhudzana zitsulo komanso zipangizo zina yosiyana. Zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo limodzi chidutswa zinthu msonkhano akupanga pawiri amene angathe kusiyanitsa mu zigawo zingapo.

ndi china chotulutsa zone olowa

Pawiri zopezera ndondomeko kuwotcherera analigaŵa m'zigawo amenewa:

• Malo maphatikizidwe - malire pakati pa zitsulo m'munsi ndi china chotulutsa zitsulo analandira. M'dera lino ndi mbewu zosiyana mu dongosolo lawo ku chikhalidwe cha chitsulo kholo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa tsankho limatsogolera pa ndondomeko kuwotcherera.
• MUNDA matenthedwe chikoka - m'munsi zitsulo zone amene si pansi reflow, ngakhale pa Kutentha wa zitsulo, matabwa ake lasinthidwa.
• The kuwotcherera msoko - gawo lomwe aumbike pa crystallization mu kuzirala kwa zitsulo.

Mitundu zimfundo welded

Malinga ndi malo zinthu abutting lililonse anawagawa mitundu wachibale aliyense mankhwala ena otero:

1. Mbuyo. Kulumikizana kwa zinthu yomanga imagwiridwa mu umodzi mapeto ndege loyang'anizana ndi mzake. Malinga thicknesses zosiyanasiyana za mbali mungathe itha wachibale wina ndi mnzake vertically displaceable.
2. Pakona kugwirizana. Pankhaniyi, mitundu malekezero wapangidwa pa cham'mbali. Dongosololi kuwotcherera ikuchitika pa m'mbali mwa magawo pafupi.
3. Pawiri alipo. Tsatanetsatane kwa kuwotcherera anakonza limodzi ndi tsankho alipo.
4. Mapeto kugwirizana. zinthu Weldable ali limagwirizana kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake ndipo anagwirizana pa malekezero a.
5. T-fuku. Pankhaniyi, mbali ina mbali pafupi ndi mbali inayo gawo pa cham'mbali.

Kuwotcherera kugwirizana komanso zimaonetsa mitundu ya welds, sipangakhalenso oyenerera zinthu zina.

china chotulutsa Indicators

Pali magawo angapo kuti akhoza yodziwika ndi welds onse analandira:

• m'lifupi - ndi kukula kwa msoko pakati malire amene achotsedwa china chotulutsa mizere zooneka;
• china chotulutsa muzu - n'zosiyana mbali zake umene uli patali pazipita ku mbali kutsogolo;
• lofufuma kwambiri mbali imodzi - anatsimikiza mu gawo ambiri otukukira kunja kwa olowa ndipo amaimira mtunda kuchokera ndege ya chitsulo m'munsi kukhala Wammwambamwamba protrusion malire;
• concave - chizindikiro ichi ndi zogwirizana ngati ali ndi malo china chotulutsa chifukwa Ndipotu, ndi chilema; chizindikiro ichi anatsimikiza pa mfundo kumene msoko ali kuchimwa wamkulu - ndi iye kukula pansi zitsulo ndege anayeza concavity;
• cathetus msoko - kumachitika kokha mu ngodya ndi T-mafupa; amayezedwa chithunzi ichi mtunda laling'ono kuchokera ku mbali padziko ntchito limodzi chidutswa pamaso pa FUNDO msoko mzere padziko chachiwiri.

Mitundu ya sutures mwa njira kuphedwa

• Unilateral welds. Iwo anaphedwa ndi malowedwe zonse zitsulo pamodzi kutalika lonse.
• Ziwiri kamangidwe. Malinga ndi luso pambuyo kuwotcherera unilateral, china chotulutsa muzu chikutha ndipo patapita kuwotcherera izi imagwiridwa ndi linzake.
• Single-wosanjikiza matabwa. Single chikudutsa kuwotcherera anachita limodzi china chotulutsa mkanda.
• Multilayer matabwa. ntchito zawo nkokoma pamene makulidwe yaikulu ya zitsulo, i.e. pamene kuchita kuwotcherera mu chiphaso limodzi sikutheka kuti sayansi. Gulu msoko mudzangokhala cha odzigudubuza angapo (akudutsa). Izi kuchepetsa kufala kwa munda wa zotsatira matenthedwe ndi kupeza olimba ndi apamwamba china chotulutsa.

Mitundu ya welds pa malo okhudza malo ndi kutalika

Kusiyanitsa ngati kuwotcherera malo:

• m'munsi pamene welded msoko inali mu yopingasa ndege m'munsi mwachitsanzo 0º ngodya wachibale pansi ..;
• yopingasa kuwotcherera malangizo kukhala yopingasa ndi item akhoza angled ku 0º kuti 60º;
• umodzi, mu udindo uwu weldable pamwamba pa ndege kuchokera 60º kuti 120º, ndi kuwotcherera ikuchitika malangizo ofukula;
• Denga ntchitoyi ikuchitika pa makona 120-180º, ndiye welds ndi ili pamwamba mbuye;
• "Mu bwato" amatipasa kuti likukamba chabe kwa ngodya kapena T-mafupa, katunduyo amamasulidwa pa ngodya, ndi kuwotcherera ikuchitika "mu ngodya."

Kutha ndi kutalika:

• mosalekeza, kotero izo zimayendera pafupifupi onse mafupa, koma pali kuchotserapo;
• stitches likukulira, iwo kudzachitika pokhapo pa mfundo ngodya; zimfundo amgwirizano wa mtundu uwu angathe kuchitidwa onse Chess ndi kuti unyolo.

zotsogola

Mbali imeneyi kapangidwe imathandizanso choncho kumene makulidwe a zitsulo ntchito kuwotcherera, kukula kuposa 7 mm. Zotsogola - ndi kuchotsa zitsulo kuchokera konsekonse mu mawonekedwe ena. Zimenezi anachita pamene osakwatira chiphaso kuwotcherera zimfundo mbuyo. Izi ndi zofunika kuti apeze china chotulutsa yoyenera. Koma zinthu wandiweyani, kudula chofunika poyamba kusungunuka muzu chikudutsa kenako mkanda lotsatira uniformly kudzaza M'mimbamo chithupsa mu makulidwe a zitsulo.

Kudula m'mphepete angathe kuchitidwa ngati chitsulo makulidwe ndi zosakwana 3 mm. Chifukwa cha phindu lake m'munsi chingandithandize lamoto kudutsa. Kudula amakhala ndi magawo zaphindu: kusiyana - R; ngodya kudula m'mphepete - α; afiira - ndi. Malo a magawo izi zikusonyeza inajambula china chotulutsa lapansi.

Beveling kumaonjezera kuchuluka kwa consumables. Choncho, phindu uyu akuyesera kuchepetsa. Iwo agawidwa mitundu yambiri ndi mamangidwe:

• V zooneka;
• X-zooneka;
• Y zooneka;
• U-zooneka;
• mpita.

Features kudula m'mphepete

Pakuti thicknesses ka nkhanizo welded ku mamilimita 3 25 zambiri ntchito limodzi amaganiza V woboola pakati kudula. bevel mwina anachita pa malekezero onse kapena mmodzi wa iwo. Zitsulo 12-60 mamilimita kuti m'pofunika kuti china chotulutsa ndi iwiri amaganiza X woboola pakati bunching. The α ngodya pa kudula mu X, V mawonekedwe ndi 60º, ngati bevel ndi amachitidwa pa m'mphepete chimodzi chokha, phindu α ndi wofanana 50º. Pakuti makulidwe a 20-60 mamilimita adzakhala kwambiri ndalama mlingo wa zitsulo china chotulutsa pamene U-zooneka kudula. The bevel amathanso kupangidwa pa limodzi kapena onse malekezero. Afiira kukhala 1-2 mm, ndi mtengo kusiyana ndi wofanana 2 mm. Yaikulu zitsulo makulidwe (pa 60 mm), njira yabwino kwambiri anatumbula kudula m'mbali. Pakuti welded olowa Nkofunika njirayi, sukhala zifukwa zingapo olowa:

• magwiridwe pawiri;
• mphamvu ndi khalidwe china chotulutsa ya;
• chuma.

Mfundo ndi GOST

1. Buku Arc kuwotcherera. GOST 5264-80 welds ndi mankhwala monga mitundu, kamangidwe miyeso kwa kuwotcherera maelekitirodi lokutidwa maudindo onse okhudza malo. Izi si monga okha zitsulo piping.
2. Kuwotcherera mipope zitsulo. GOST 16037-80 - imalongosola mitundu zofunika, zotsogola kapangidwe zamitundu pa njira makina kuwotcherera.
3. Kuwotcherera mipope za mkuwa ndi mkuwa faifi tambala kasakaniza wazitsulo. GOST 16038-80.
4. Arc kuwotcherera aluminiyamu. Welded matabwa. GOST 14806-80 - mawonekedwe, kukula, m'mphepete pokonzekera kuwotcherera Buku ndi makina a zotayidwa ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake, ndondomeko imagwiridwa mu mlengalenga zozitetezera.
5. Adalowetsedwa Arc. GOST 8713-79 - kuwotcherera matabwa ndi kugwirizana anapangidwa basi kapena makina kuwotcherera kulemera, pa khushoni kamwazi. Munthu wotere makulidwe zitsulo wa mamilimita 1.5 kuti 160.
6. Kuwotcherera wa zotayidwa mu mpweya inert. GOST 27580-88 - Standard kwa bukuli, theka-zodziwikiratu ndi zodziwikiratu kuwotcherera. Iwo anachita ndi elekitirodi sanali consumable mu mpweya inert ndi chuma filler ndi kuphimba zotayidwa ndi makulidwe a mamilimita 0,8 60.

The zoti china chotulutsa ndi

Malinga ndi malamulo pamaso pa welds zikusonyezedwa zojambula msonkhano kapena mu mawonekedwe onse. Kusonyeza welds mu mizere olimba, ngati akalipo. Ndipo ngati pa mwake - ndi kumugwetsera mzere zigawo. Zifukwa izi ndi callouts pochotsa ndi muvi umodzi amaganiza. Chizindikiro cha welds anachita pa shelufu ndi mtsogoleri. Bokosili ndi pa shelufu, ngati msoko kumbali kutsogolo. Mu chimake cha, n'zosiyana zoti adzakhala udzakhazikitsidwe pansi shelufu. Izi zikuphatikizapo zokhudza msoko mu ndondomeko izi:

• Wothandiza zizindikiro. Pa mphambano ya mtsogoleri ndi chithunzi alumali zingakhale:

○ - chatsekedwa msoko;

┐ - msoko kuwotcherera zachitika pa unsembe.

• Zoti welds, magulu awo structural ndi GOST mgwirizano.
• Dzina muyezo msoko.
• Kuwotcherera njira mogwirizana ndi mfundo zolimbana.
• Mwendo anasonyeza ndime imeneyi imagwira ntchito yokhayo zimfundo ngodya.
• msoko discontinuity, ngati aliyense. Izi n'chakuti malo sitepe ndi kuwotcherera zigawo.
• zithunzi zina mfundo wothandiza. Taganizirani iwo monga item osiyana.

mayina wothandiza

Zizindikiro izi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa shelufu, ngati kuwotcherera msoko kuonekera chikukoka, ndipo pansi pa iyo, pamene wosaonekayo:

• Kuchotsa zolimba china chotulutsa;
• pamwamba mankhwala ndi zimene zimapereka kusintha osalala zitsulo m'munsi, kuchotsa sagging ndi unevenness;
• msoko ndi amachitidwa pa mzere lotseguka; chilemba ichi amangonena za kuonekera seams zojambula kuwotcherera;
• pamwamba pa mapeto china chotulutsa.

Wosalira zambiri, ngati mafupa yomanga zimapangidwa ndi mlendo limodzi, kukhala ndi akadaulo kapangidwe ndi miyeso, chodetsa ndi kuwotcherera mfundo zafotokozeredwa specifications a. nyumba The akhale zonse, koma ambiri seams zofanana. Kenako n'kukhala m'magulu ndipo perekani manambala siriyo kwa gulu lililonse payokha. Panthawi ina msoko zonse chikhazikitso. Pa wina kuti ndi ochepa siriyo. chiwerengero cha magulu ndi chiwerengero cha stitches aliyense wa iwo kutchulidwa zolembedwa muyezo.