Lamiaceae banja: Kufotokozera

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za banja Labiatae. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, pali mazana awiri mabanja - 3,500 mitundu. Iwo anapeza pafupifupi dziko lonse. Musati kukula kokha mu Antarctica ndi Artik. Ochepa a iwo mu zone nayonso, amakonda zotentha m'madera phiri. Lamiaceae banja - ndi zomera achirendo kwambiri. Zomera za iye, chidwi kwambiri ngati ogulitsa zipangizo mankhwala yaiwisi chiyambi achilengedwe.

zomera maonekedwe

Zomera za banja Labiatae, zikuoneka ndi dongosolo khalidwe. Iwo zosavuta kupeza maluwa, omwe pali paipi yaitali ndi kamwa ziwiri lipped, chokhala ndi pakamwa potsegula zolengedwa wosangalatsa. Mbali imeneyi cabe banja Labiatae. The inflorescence a mitundu pafupifupi zimachokeradi zomera zina.

Monga zipatso, iwonso ndi mawonekedwe zachilendo. Chipatso cha banja Labiatae tichipeza anayi chimodzi-seeded, mu mawonekedwe a mtedza, cloves.

Komanso khalidwe ndi malo masamba lonse ku zomenyanazo. Zimayambira kawirikawiri ndi mawonekedwe tetrahedral. Zochita za banja Labiatae chingakhale chosakwanira popanda chikumbutso cha kukoma amphamvu, amene ali achilendo ku nambala yaikulu ya zomera. Kwabasi kukoma chifukwa kukhalapo mu madera osiyana a mbewu zopangitsa kuti secrete mafuta Ester. Ichi ndi chifukwa masiku ano mafuta zomera za banja Lamiaceae ankagwiritsa ntchito monga medicaments, zonunkhira ndi mbewu mafakitale. About ambiri a iwo kulankhula pa.

Banja Labiatae: oimira

Anthu a m'banja la yosiyanasiyana. Ambiri a iwo - ndi zitsamba ndi zitsamba. Komabe, mu mayiko kotentha sizachilendo zitsamba. nthumwi Bright ambiri mu Mediterranean rosemary officinalis. Ndi yobiriwira chitsamba chilichonse ndi masamba ang'ono liniya ndi maluwa violet.

Labiatae banja (chithunzi anapatsidwa m'nkhani) ndi ankatsogoleranso ndi mitengo, koma imapezeka mu kotentha. Ena mwa iwo kufika msinkhu wa mamita khumi. Koma monga ulamuliro, matabwa Labiatae kukula mamita oposa asanu.

Lamiaceae herbaceous

Grass banja Labiatae - izo chilili zomera, izo sikutanthauza thandizo. Komabe, palinso zokwawa mitundu (mwachitsanzo, Glechoma hederacea). Ndipo pa zomera monga Ajuga reptans, sikuti chilili mphukira, komanso mu axils masamba kukula spines arched, tichotseretu mu nthaka ndi nsonga awo (monga ting'onoting'ono ta ku sitiroberi).

dongosolo muzu

Chipinda kusunga muzu yaikulu pa moyo wake. Nthawi zina pali milandu pamene chafa ndi zake m'malo mizu adventitious kuti kuyambira tsinde kapena zokwawa mphukira. Rhizomes zikusonyeza kuti nambala yaikulu ya Labiatae.

Kwambiri zomera zochepa wamba ndi suckers muzu, ngati zhivuchka Geneva. Mitundu m'mphepete mwa nyanja kukula mu dothi madzi, mizu zina za mtundu tubers, amene am'deralo kudya.

Kapangidwe ka masamba

Oimira banja amakhala lonse, nthawi zina yosalala konsekonse masamba. Koma nthawi zina pali mitundu maliseche, monga tchire yokongola. Pankhaniyi mmera yokutidwa ndi nkhungu wosanjikiza wa tsitsi (Staku Krete, Crimea Zheleznitsa).

maluwa Labiatae

Monga taonera kale, dongosolo lapadera ndipo ndi maluwa. Lamiaceae banja amakhala ndi mfundo yakuti Yeremiya, monga ulamuliro, ndi bisexual. Iwo zili mu axils tsamba. Mitundu yochepa zimapezeka maluwa yekha. Nthawi zambiri iwo pamodzi inflorescence zidutswa ziwiri zimene zimapanga otchedwa spikes. Mitundu ina ngakhale spines kuti tinapangidwa kuteteza mbewu kuti kudyedwa ndi nyama. mitundu amenewa akupezeka m'mapiri a ku Central Asia (Galuwamkulu mleme).

Monga ulamuliro, ndi mbale ndi whisk Labiatae zigwirizana timapepala ta asanu, zinaphatikizidwa mu chubu. Nthawi zambiri, chikho chimachitika m'njira zambiri: belu woboola pakati, tubular, voronchatoy, ozungulira. zosintha ake imakhudzana ndi poyesa kuti azolowere kufala kwa chipatso. Calyx angathe kusintha mtundu, kukhala lowala kwambiri, kukopa chidwi cha mbalame ndi nyama akhoza kukula ndi kuwonjezeka windage, kufalitsa mbewu za mphepo.

Lamiaceae banja - zomera kuti ndi aliyense floret stamens anayi Ufumuyo kwa corolla chubu. Ena otentha mitundu stamens zinaphatikizidwa pamodzi. Pansipa malo awo ali ndi mphete fibrous amene anafuna kuteteza timadzi tokoma.

Maluwa Labiatae kungakhale akalumikidzidwa zosiyanasiyana. Izi zidalira pa mlingo wa kusinthasintha kwa zomera kubereketsa zomera. Nthawi zina pali weniweni zovuta "njira", monga Zheleznitsa ndi skullcap.

Ngakhale ambiri chifukwa Labiatae maluwa ndi bisexual, oimira ambiri stamens ndi yaikazi ndi limodzi. Kuli kotheka kukumana maluwa mwamuna. Chitsanzo cha mbewu chotero ndi therere la banja Labiatae amplexicaul akufa nettle (udzu).

zipatso

Lamiaceae banja, mamembala amene amaonedwa ndi ife, ndi osiyana mu zomera zonse kapangidwe khalidwe la mwana wosabadwayo. Monga ulamuliro, izo tichipeza lobes anayi, omwe muli mbewu imodzi. The mawonekedwe kwambiri wa mwana wosabadwayo akhoza kukhala osiyana kwambiri. Ankakonda kutenga litchowa mu zipatso zambiri limathothoka, koma chikho ndithu amakhalabe ndi kukula. The okhwima mbewu endosperm kwina.

Chipolopolo kunja kwa magawo zambiri vuto mawonekedwe chimene chimapangitsa kuti kufala kwa mbewu.

malo kukula

Oimira mtundu uwu wa zomera, monga banja Labiatae (Lamiaceae), anagawira padziko lonse. Makamaka ambiri a iwo mu mayiko a zomera Mediterranean (ku Canary Islands ndi Western Himalaya). Koma mu nkhalango mitengo imeneyi ndi pafupifupi kwina. Paradaiso Labiatae - phiri otentha malo. Makamaka ambiri a iwo mu South America ndipo Central. Mu Australia pali kuderako kokha kulalikira, zokha za zana mitundu. Ngakhale osauka anali New Zealand, kumene kuli mtundu umodzi wokha wa timbewu tonunkhira, ndi mtundu umodzi wa skullcap, komanso nthumwi imodzi mwa mtundu Tetrahondra. Koma ndithu zambiri Labiatae ku Hawaii, iwo amakhala ndi genera awiri kuderako.

Zomera za banja amakonda kukula pa phiri kapena m'zigwa lotseguka malo. Pakuti iwo abwino dothi drier. Pakati pawo, kwenikweni dambo ndi nkhalango zomera. Zotentha nkhalango ali ndi moyo chabe nthumwi ochepa, Labiatae sadzalekerera chinyezi kwambiri. Pankhani mitundu izi m'madzi, iwo kulibeko m'chilengedwe. Pali chabe genera ochepa, mitundu ina kuti kukula pa gombe mayiwe ndi m'madambo. Chitsanzo ndi therere osatha wa banja Labiatae - timbewu ndi skullcap ndi lycopus.

chomera kubereketsa zomera ndi tizilombo

Ubwenzi Labiatae tizilombo mungu, sizingafanane ndi ndizo zotsatira za njira yaitali chirengedwe. zomera anthu a m'banja, amene mosavuta anakonza maluwa, mungu ndi ntchentche ndi Hymenoptera, monga timadzi tokoma kwa iwo kuti sikovuta.

Mu Labiatae, ndi zovuta zambiri kapangidwe ka duwa, timadzi tokoma si choncho chabe kupeza. Malowa ali pamtunda pansi pa paipi yaitali. Kubereketsa zomera za mitundu awa ali pachibwenzi agulugufe ndipo Hymenoptera, kawirikawiri ntchentche chachikulu, hoverflies.

Wapadera chipangizo mu mawonekedwe a ndalezo, amene amalola kuti akafike timadzi tokoma tizilombo ali tchire. Tizilombo ayenera wopekayo izo, chifukwa iwo anabwera. M'madera otentha ndi zotentha za zomera America ndi dusted ndi mbalame ija yotchedwa hummingbird pang'ono. Mu mofanana mbalame ija yotchedwa hummingbird, opaleshoni gulugufe Brajnikov banja. Iwo fungatirani padziko maluwa ndi nthawi yomweyo akuyamwitsa timadzi tokoma mulomo, mutu wokhudza stamens.

Ena zomera za banja Labiatae ndi kapangidwe ka maluwa, tizilombo, atakhala pa izo, mungu amakhulupirirabe mimba yache ndi ndiye amapha izo. mitundu chosowa kwambiri mungathe kudziletsa mungu.

Tikumbukenso kuti Labiatae ndi njira zawo kukopa chidwi cha tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a m'madera munthu yowala ya duwa.

anatengera zomera kufalitsa

Pankhani kuswana, ambiri ndi kugawidwa ndi mphepo. Mu ndondomeko likukhudza mfundo imodzi-seeded zipatso gawo, yomwe kuchuluka chifukwa tsitsi windage kapena outgrowths phiko woboola pakati. Mu Africa, mtundu sizachilendo kwa Tinneh. Choncho, onyamula zipatso hoholkoobraznymi zishango kuti zimathandiza kufalitsa mbewu.

Mitundu ina kwa nthawi yaitali nawobe zimayambira youma, mbewu okha M'kupita amwazamwaza mu mphepo. Pa zina, m'malo mwake, iwo mwamsanga kusiya pafupi pansi, ndipo mphepo kunyamula steppes, ndi sieving ndi chipatso. Izi zotsatira mpukutu munda khalidwe kwa mitundu ina ya tchire, catnip, zopnika. The yaitali zipatso adzakhala mu chikho, makamaka pa mtunda wautali iwo outsource. Ndi chifukwa chake ambiri Labiatae ndi zipangizo odalirika kusunga mbewu.

Mitundu ina M'malo mwake imakonzedwa m'njira yakuti zipatso ukugwa, pamodzi ndi chikho cha ndipo chifukwa ali ndi kupalasa lalikulu, amene amalola kuti anafalikira kutali.

Pakati Labiatae pali zomera zambiri zimene kufalitsa mwa zamoyo. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo sali zimasintha zochepa chidwi kuti uwathandize izi. Ena kudyedwa ndi mbalame ndi nyama, pamene ena amamatira njira kuti tsitsi lawo ndi zovala za anthu. Aliyense mtundu wapeza njira zake kugawa.

Mu kotentha, zipatso okutidwa ndi chipolopolo minofu (mu mawonekedwe a zipatso) kuti amakopeka mbalame ndi nyama, pamene ena omwe afewetsedwa ndi zomatira mankhwala, amene amalola kuti asasiye ubweya kapena nthenga.

Koma anatengera kwa kufala kwa mitundu ina ya kunyanyala ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu ina ya nettle ndi zhivuchka ndi zinthu zidzakhala zakudya nyerere, ndi mothandizidwa awo ndi kufala zipatso. Chomera Brazil hyptis anakonza m'njira kuti onse nthawi zonse anthu mzinda wa nyerere mu interstices ake.

Labiatae akusankha malo awo okhala mitsinje Coast ndi m'madambo, kuti akuyandama mbali ya zipatso, motero nkhani njira madzi, nthawi zina mothandizidwa ndi nyama.

ntchito

Grass, chitsamba, mpesa, chitsamba wa banja Labiatae - izi zosiyanasiyana onse a banja limodzi. Ambiri a iwo ndi zikhalidwe efa mafuta, choncho chidwi kwa munthuyo. Zomera zimenezi zikuphatikiza: Basil, tchire, Shandra, Dubrovnik, rosemary ndi lavender.

Lavender - ndi chitsamba chilichonse wa banja Labiatae. Pali zoposa makumi awiri ndi asanu a mitundu yake. M'mayiko ambiri akulimidwa yekha kwa mafuta wapadera n'kofunika. Ndipo mitundu ya zomera zosangalatsa chidwi monga kukongoletsa mankhwala uchi mbewu.

Basil limanenanso kuti chitsamba chilichonse ndi subshrub zomera. Mu mayiko kotentha, pali pafupifupi 150 mitundu, ena a iwo zimathandiza n'kofunika mafuta. Komanso, Basil chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zonunkhira mu chakudya ambiri a dziko.

Wanzeru wotchuka alinso mitundu ambiri, ena ndi uchi zomera ndi gwero la mafuta onunkhira. Mu Russia, si zachilendo mu zone ya steppe.

Perilla - nthumwi pachaka Labiatae. Ichi ndi kwambiri oilseeds. Izo wakula mu Asia ndi Japan, China ndi Korea North, ndipo ngakhale Far East. Mbeu ndi edible ndi mafakitale mafuta. Komanso, mitundu ina ndi ntchito yokongola, ndipo kwambiri uchi chomera.

Mankhwala zomera za banja Labiatae

Lamiaceae kale ambiri ofunika mankhwala. Ndipo tsopano mwakhama ntchito zinthu zawo machiritso. M'deralo mitundu wodziwika ndi: timbewu tonunkhira, motherwort, tchire, lycopus, betony , etc ...

Tchire - si mafuta mbewu, komanso zomera mankhwala wa banja Labiatae. Ake mwakhama ntchito ulimi rinses M'mimbamo m'kamwa ndi kukhosi.

Basil zabwino ndi kusowa chilakolako cha kudzimbidwa ndi flatulence. Nthawi ntchito ngati gargle kwa zilonda zapakhosi, chifukwa poultices kwa zilonda fester.

Oregano - komanso Labiatae therere banja, ntchito zochizira muzituluka ndi matenda m'mimba ndi matenda. Tikumbukenso kuti ndi mafuta a oregano ndi mbali ya mafuta ambiri akusisita kuti zabwino la misempha. Komanso mbewu ntchito zonunkhira Mwachitsanzo, mu zakudya Italy wotchuka wokonza pizzas. The n'kofunika mafuta a mbewu izi ndi zodabwitsa. Mu Indian mankhwala oregano ntchito osati zochizira matenda chapamimba, komanso matenda mantha.

Bwino kuti kuyambira tili ana peppermint tiyi ndi mbali ya zopereka ambiri amene mankhwalawa chiwindi, chikhodzodzo ndulu, matumbo ndi m'mimba. Nthawi zambiri angapezeke mu zopereka zambiri. Komanso, m'nyumba ya tiyi wake zinachitika zing'onozing'ono monga kupeza chakumwa onunkhira kwambiri, okoma ndi limachita sedative.

Dubrovnik wamba ntchito ngati mankhwala matenda chapamimba ya ndulu ndipo matumbo. Komanso ali ndi mphamvu chimwemwe njala ndipo amawathandiza matenda.

Marjoram ndi bwino kuti ife monga condiment ndi. Bwino kudya, zolimbikitsa mapangidwe ya ndulu ndi madzi muzituluka. tincture ake ali antiseptic, antispasmodic, diuretic ndi zotsatira zimandilimbikitsa. Marjoram ntchito gastritis ndi cholecystitis aakulu, flatulence ndi mutu mkombero matenda, kusowa tulo, masanzi.

Galeopsis wabwino kwa akutsokomola ndi matenda osiyanasiyana m'mapapo mwanga. Komanso, kuyambira krovoochistitelnoe katundu ntchito matenda a ndulu ndi chiwindi.

Impso tiyi - chidwi diuretic, amene chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa matenda pa mundawo mkodzo.

Savory ali zotsatira zopindulitsa pa m'mimba, kuthandiza kumasula madzi, choncho ntchito kusangalatsa kudya. Wofululidwa monga tiyi, ndi ntchito ndi chimfine ndi chifuwa.

Thyme ntchito mankhwala monga expectorant ndi.

Mwa nkhani, tinakambirana yekha za zomera zina mankhwala a banja Lamiaceae. Ndipotu, ambiri a iwo, sikutheka za onse. Koma kuti iwo kuthandiza mitundu yonse ya matenda, zikusonyeza nthaŵi yaitali mchitidwe ntchito yawo m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Labiatae otizungulira

Ndikufuna kuona kuti zomera za Lamiaceae banja kukula osati kuthengo. Inu mukanakhala kudabwa, koma mwa mbewu mabedi wathu zokwanira wa gulu limeneli, monga Salvia chomwecho, yokondweretsa ife ndi maluwa owala isanafike nyengo yozizira.

Komanso, maluwa kukula pa pawindo la nyumba yathu, komanso za Labiatae: coleus, Swedish Ivy, mtengo molar. iwo akhala okondedwa ndi amayi chifukwa kuphweka awo ndi kumpanga weniweni mtundu. Iwo safuna kusamalidwa, koma nthawi zonse zokondweretsa kukongola kwake. M'nthawi ya chilimwe, zomera kukula bwino pa khonde, koma mu nthawi yozizira nyumba. Amakonda kuwala, choncho akufunika kukhala kuvala strontium kum'mwera.

Koma kutsirira, siziyenera kukhala kwambiri kawirikawiri. Ndipo m'nyengo yozizira, m'malo osowa. Monga tidanena kale, Labiatae sadzalekerera chinyezi owonjezera, awa imakhudzanso oimira banja.

Posachedwapa, yapamwamba kwambiri kukhala mbewu monga rosemary. Iwo sikuti ntchito ngati condiment, komanso kukula mu nyumba. Komabe, mbewu sakonda kutentha ndi mpweya youma chapakati Kutentha (zina sagona masamba ndi kuyamba adzauma). Iwo ali wabwino kukongoletsa maonekedwe, amakhala chochititsa chidwi pa maluwa, pamene lonse yokutidwa ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono buluu kapena buluu. M'chaka, ena amayi ookedwa ngakhale nyumba zomera za m'nthaka lotseguka, kumene mwabwino. Koma pamaso pa Kubwera kwa ozizira nyengo rosemary tiyenera kubwerera kunyumba chifukwa sadzapulumuka chisanu. chikhalidwe ndi bwino ntchito kunyumba, osati chifukwa cha mtundu yokongola. Chomera limatulutsa onunkhiritsa zosangalatsa, kuyeretsa mpweya, chifukwa katundu bactericidal.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Mwa zomera zimene zatizungulira tsiku ndi tsiku, ambiri a iwo a banja Labiatae. Monga momwe taonera, iwo osati azikongoletsa nyumba ndi maluwa wathu mabedi, komanso ankagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi popanga mafutawa. Koma kuli ambiri a iwo sitiganiza n'komwe ndikuganiza, kuli kudziwa kuti iwo ali ngati makolo ambirimbiri.