Leo Kekushev - wazomangamanga: photos, mbiri, anamanga ku Moscow

Panthawiyo, yotamandika kwambiri wamanga Leo Kekushev anatha kupewa ntchito asilikali kumene iye kwa atate, mlangizi bwalo. Mwana anakwanitsa kutsimikizira makolo ake ankafuna. Iye anali woyamba kwambiri wamanga ntchito kalembedwe Art Nouveau. Chizindikiro mu mawonekedwe a mkango olemba ntchito zake zonse mu Moscow wamanga , wokhulupirika.

Mlangizi bwalo banja

Wambiri ya wanzeru wamanga Lev Nikolayevich Kekusheva muli mawanga mdima. Akatswiri ena a zinthu zake ndi mbiri amakhulupirira kuti anabadwa mu 1862 mu Saratov. Ena amati wamanga anabadwa mu Vilna, mu Province Warsaw. Kuchokera pa mfundo imeneyi, ife adzayandikira pa.

Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev iye m'banja asilikali. bambo ake ndi yaikulu Pavlovsky Regiment, amene anali ataima mu ufumu Polish. Zikuoneka n'kumene koyamba mkazi wakeyu. dzina lake Constance. Anali mwana wa mwinimunda Polish.

Mu 1861 mutu wa banja waganiza kupuma. Iye kugwira ntchito m'boma. malo lake latsopano ntchito anali Corps wa Akatswiri. Mobwerezabwereza mu utumiki, iye anali kusamukira m'madera ena. Panyengo zosiyanasiyana anakhala mu St. Petersburg, Pskov, Novgorod, pamene anakakhala Vilna. Kumeneko anabadwa mwana wake - wazomangamanga m'tsogolo. Ndi nthawi iyi bambo wa banja analimbikitsidwa ndi udindo wa phungu bwalo.

Kuwonjezera Lva Kekusheva, amene anali mwana wa 3, panali ana 6. Banjali linali olemera ndithu moyo. N'chifukwa chake makolo akulimbana ana awo kulandira maphunziro abwino, monga kunapangitsa kuti tizidalira ntchito zabwino utumiki m'tsogolo.

The zatsopano loyamba

Ndi TH 1883, okhulupirika mnyamata Leo maphunziro pa sukulu yophunzitsa maluso mu Vilna. Ndipo chifukwa iye wasonyeza kale zoonekeratu luso luso ndi kudana kubowola asilikali, anapita ku St. Petersburg. Iye anatsimikiza mtima kulowa Institute of Civil Akatswiri, zomwe zinachitika m'chaka chomwecho.

Mwa mpanda wa sukuluyi anaphunzitsidwa ndi tsogolo labwino mapulani otchuka monga V. Vialichkin, Ivanov-Shits ndi N. Markov.

Pamene iye anali wophunzira Kekushevu Lvu Nikolaevichu anali kuchita angapo ntchito palokha wophunzira kumene kamodzi anasonyeza talente yake chachikulu kwa kupenta.

Kumapeto kwa maphunziro, anali kufotokoza nkhani yolembedwa ntchito yake, imene inkatchedwa "Slaughterhouse ku St. Petersburg." Atatsala pang'ono maphunziro anatha kupeza ntchito mu luso ntchitoyo Komiti ya Utumiki wa Mkati. Motero, mu 1888 iye sukulu ya sekondale ndipo anakhala katswiri yapachiweniweni injiniya. Komanso anali kupereka n'kulandira mendulo ya siliva zimene anachita pa zomangamanga.

Pambuyo pake, Lev Kekushev mwachidule ntchito wothandizira mzinda ndandanda. Komabe, mu 1890 anaganiza kuti ndikagone, popeza anapita ku Ancient.

Mlangizi

Mu likulu, wokhulupirika anaganiza kudzipereka makamaka payekha mchitidwe mapulani. Choncho, iye anayamba ndi kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu pa kachitidwe wamanga S. Eybushittsa ndipo anakhala wachiwiri wake. M'njira imeneyi, iye anali nawo nyumba Okhotny ndi malo osambira chapakati.

Mokulira maphunziro ameneŵa athandiza otchuka wamanga osati kuwumitsa kalembedwe ndi wamanga achinyamata, komanso kupanga bwalo angathe makasitomala pa amene anapereka anachokera mabanja ogulitsa.

Komanso, pa kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu ya Kekushev anakwanitsa adziwe maluso osiyanasiyana njira kukongoletsa ntchito. Izi amatanthauza kulipira, electroplating, ndi etching galasi ndi zitsulo.

Omwe mapulani msonkhano

Kekushev anamaliza maphunziro ake mu 1893. Kenako anatsegula mapulani ake olimba. Mwatsoka, zikalata za ntchito za msonkhano uno, pafupifupi sanakhale ndi moyo. Koma pali umboni za mapulani amene anagwira ntchito, kuonera erection angapo a ntchito yomanga ndi kukhala chokongoletsera Interiors ndi pamakoma.

athandizi awa anali Mwachitsanzo, Shutsmany abale. Iwo Inter zina zotere, nawo mamangidwe a Nyumbayi Korobkov ndi opindulitsa Frank House. Iwo kuunikira patsogolo yomanga Nicholas m'sitolo.

omuthandizira ena Kekusheva zitsulo Voeikov V. ndi N. Shevjakov. Komanso, panali otchuka Russian mapulani A. Kuznetsov ndi I. Fomin ndi wamanga sukulu.

Kuwonjezera pa kugwira ntchito mu ofesi, Kekushev ntchito monga mphunzitsi ku Sukulu zaumisiri likulu. Zosoŵa za malo anatha kumanga choyezera mankhwala.

Kekushev ndi kuphunzitsa pa Sukulu Stroganov wa Industrial Art. Iye anapatsa ophunzira maphunziro awo silvering, chitsulo kulipira ndipo zikuchokera. Kenako anayamba ntchito imodzi ya sukulu zomangamanga.

Kwa zaka zisanu, okhulupirika anali ngati chigawo wamanga. Ndipo ndinatha kumanga nyumba zawo ndi zinthu za kalembedwe Moor kwa almshouses m'malo mwa Hera.

The kuti Imperial

Pofika m'ma 90s kuti Kekushev anabwera ulemerero poyamba. Pang'onopang'ono, iye anayamba kuchokera wamanga wamba kwa wamanga lopambana. Zinali ndiye kuti analandira dongosolo la Mfumu Nicholas II.

M'zaka zimenezi, anakonza coronation nduna ya mfumu yatsopano. Kwa chochitika, anaganiza kuti apereke gawo la Tverskaya Street, milimo ya City Duma ndi Kuuka Square. Pakuti ichi anatsimikizidwa mpikisano zogwirizana, omwe anali nawo pa mapulani bwino. Motero, kuti linali m'manja mwa Kekusheva. Ndipo patapita kanthawi, iye bwinobwino ntchitoyo. Kuyambira pamenepo, dzina la katswiri wa zomangamanga kale kudadziwika ufumuwo.

malangizo latsopano

Nthawi yomweyo, moyo mbuye unali wotchuka ndi chakuti wamanga, wokhulupirika, amene yonena ladzala ndi mfundo zosangalatsa, pang'onopang'ono anasamukira ku kalembedwe kamangidwe ka Art Nouveau.

Woyamba ntchito ngati anali Khludovs nyumba, chimene ndi chimodzi mwa zitsanzo chapadera cha kukuchititsa zimenezi. Pakali pano, nyumbayi anamangidwanso koma wapakamwa pa zinasungidwa.

kalembedwe wamanga uyu anathandiza angapo malo kutukula likulu ndi ogula odziwika bwino, amene anali Kuznetsova, mphuno, ndi ena ambiri.

Savva Mamontov ndi nyumba

Pa nthawiyi, kubwera Kekushev bwino aakulu azachuma. Iye anakhala katswiri wotchuka mu munda. Mumadziwika bizinesi Savva Mamontov anaganiza kubweretsa wamanga wotchuka ndi ntchito zawo. Mwachitsanzo, Kekushev nawo ntchito yomanga kumpoto Railway, ndipo anapangira madzi nsanja ku umodzi wa okwerera sitima likulu a.

Koma mwina kwambiri wofuna olowa ntchito chinali kumanga hotelo "Metropol".

Panthawi imeneyi Kekusheva yoikidwiratu wamanga mkulu wa magulu awiri. Icho chinali inshuwalansi kampani, amene anakonza kumanga nyumba zapamwamba mu "chinsinsi" kalembedwe Art Nouveau, ndi kampani homebuilding, amene chabe zikugwira ntchito yomanga "Metropol". Maganizo a mwini wa hotelo S. Mamontov. Mwatsoka, nthawi ina iye anaganiza zopatsa molunjika ku wamanga V. Vilkotu. Yomanga inayamba, koma kuzindikira ntchito Mamontov sadathe, chifukwa mlandu wa kuba zikuluzikulu ndipo anamangidwa. Mu nthawi kwake woyesedwa wolungama, koma malonda lawonongeka.

The eni watsopano hotelo kachiwiri anaitanidwa Kekusheva, kotero iye akhoza kuchita processing polojekiti Vilkota. Akatswiri amakhulupirira kuti Kekusheva gawo anapereka bwino kwambiri za kumalo a ntchito.

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito yomanga "Metropol", wokhulupirika ndiponso anayamba kumanga yopindulitsa awo kunyumba. Komanso wamanga anamangidwira malo ake pa Ostozhenka. Wazamalonda Bambo Liszt anasangalala kunyumba wamanga Kekusheva. Iye akufuna eg kwa mtengo waukulu. Kekushev sakanakhoza kukana.

Kukwaniritsidwa kwa zilandiridwenso

Creative Leo Kekusheva pachimake anabwera m'ma makumi awiri. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma ankawaona tate, ndi kukhala okulupilira wa Moscow Art Nouveau. Inali nthawi imeneyi, ndi Moscow wamanga Leo Kekushev kulinganizidwa ndi kumangidwa nyumba monga nyumba ndi Mindovsky I. Nosov, Spain ameneŵa kugula Arcade, komanso okwerera sitima ku Tsaritsyno. Komanso, malinga ndi machenjerero ake mwapereka pakhomo pa Arbat ndi chiwerengero cha zipinda za odyera "Prague". Komanso, Kekushev anali kukonza Nyumba za Ufumu wa Nyumbayi Morozov kuti Prechistenke.

Ambiri, chirichonse mu Moscow wamanga Kekushev anachita pa mlingo mkulu. nyumba izi akachita moyo wake. Iwo ali oyenera chidwi. Pakuti onse a malowo yodziwika ndi phunziro pafupifupi wangwiro wa Interiors.

Nthawi ya mavuto

Pamene anafika woyamba Russian zisinthe, kukoma ena anayamba kusintha. Ngati isanafike zochitika za 1905 kunalamulidwa ndi wapamwamba oyambirira zomangamanga modernist, pambuyo azimuth latsopanoli anali laconic ndi adaletsa kumpoto ano.

Mwatsoka, wamanga Lev Nikolaevich Kekushev kapena kukana, kapena akulephera ntchito ina yatsopano, ndi kutchuka, ndi ulamuliro wake anayamba kutha.

Mu 1907 iye anali woti amange odyera amatchedwa "El Dorado." Ndipotu, polojekitiyi amayenera kukhala chimodzi mwa maganizo kwambiri katswiri wa zomangamanga. Komabe, nyumbayi anayamba kumanga katswiri wina. Chifukwa, pomanga inatha, koma ndi zolakwika zazikulu ndi lalikulu kwa L. Kekusheva zojambula. Last omveka chilengedwe cha wamanga - chipatala kuti Chiwalitsiro. Linamangidwa pamaso pa Dziko Lonse Yoyamba, mu 1912.

ntchito wotsatira ndi wamanga Kekushev popanda mawu zambiri ndipo payekha.

imfa

Pambuyo 1912, tsogolo la Kekusheva wapeza mbali moona zomvetsa chisoni. Zinaoneka kuti katswiri wa zomangamanga ndi sanaigule zimenezi. Iye anali kungoika zithunzi mu mabuku osiyanasiyana a zolengedwa zake zakale.

Amatchulanso za izo si sakupezeka. Koma zinali zotheka kuti titsimikize magazini akatswiri iye mwamwayi moyo ndipo nthawi zina anasamukira ku nyumba yatsopano.

disengagement amenewa, malinga biographers, wazomangamanga, anali ndi matenda okhudza ubongo. Olemba mbiri ena amakhulupirira kuti wamanga Kekushev anali yekha chifukwa cha posachedwapa amasowa munthu ntchito.

Chirichonse chimene chinali, pamene October kuukira boma ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni, mbuye mbisoweka palimodzi. Icho chiri osadziwika pamene anali atachoka, ndipo pamene anaikidwa ... Koma malinga ndi mmodzi wa achibale ake, Leo Kekushev anamwalira mu 1917 pa chipatala. Ndipo anamuika m'manda limodzi la manda likulu la ... Kodi chikumbukiro cha kumanzere wamanga Kekushev nyumba yake mu Moscow. Photos of ntchito yake, muli ndi mwayi kuona nkhaniyi.

M'chifuwa cha banja

moyo wa katswiri wa zomangamanga wolemera zochitika. Pamene izi zinachitika, ndi masewero banja. Mu m'ma 90 XIX Kekushev anakumana Anna Bolotova, mwana wamkazi anapuma mkulu. Iye anabadwa ndi kukhala mu Kremenchug, mu chigawo Poltava. Pamsonkhano mfundo za msungwana uyu wokongola ndinangowasiya naintini. Wopambana likulu mapulani anali pafupifupi 35. Ngakhale kusiyana, wokondedwa m'banja. Izo zinachitika pa mapeto a April 1897-TH.

Poyamba, banjali anali osangalala. ana awo anakulira. chuma iwo anali chilimwe kukakhala zazikulu Silver Forest. Komanso, zaka zingapo atakwatirana, anasamukira ku nyumba yawo Ostozhenka, monga ndanena kale. Ndipotu, "yekha nyumba" kulankhula izi pa katswiri wa katswiri wa zomangamanga. Gwirizanani, nyumba zapamwamba, omwe adamangidwa pa ntchito za mlembi, mayunitsi ndi pyace.

Malinga ndi nkhani yekha mdzukulu wa katswiri wa zomangamanga, anali ndi zodabwitsa, khalidwe okhulupirika. Iye anali mokondwera ndi mtundu abale, abwenzi, anzake. Iye ankakonda nthabwala othandiza. Koma chilakolako wake weniweni wakhala zomangamanga. Monga ulamuliro, ananyamuka pa zisanu ndi chimodzi m'mawa, kenako anayamba kugwira ntchito mu ofesi yake. Malinga ndi mkazi wake Kekusheva, iye anasangalala kwambiri munthu. Ndipo pamene anaikira, zambiri kuposa Ziwerengero kutero. Zikatere nthaŵi zina analipira yokha kusowa chikwama ake ndi cholinga kuona mwiniwake wa malingaliro awo. Mwatsoka, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe cha mbali m'tsogolo, iye anasiya chilichonse kumbuyo kwake koma mangawa.

Osachepera losangalala inatenga pafupi zaka khumi. Mu 1906, wokhulupirika zokakhala ku malo otetezeka. Malinga ndi magwero zosatsimikiza, chifukwa yopuma panali kusakhulupirika kwa mkazi wa mapulani a nyumba. Ofufuza, anayamba chibwenzi ndi mnzake pa msonkhano Kekusheva.

Komabe, banjali mobwerezabwereza anayesa kukhazikitsa ubale wawo. Mulimonsemo, panali nthawi imene iwo anakhala pamodzi. Koma ndiye iwo adachokanso. zoyesayesa onsewa anali pachabe kupulumutsa banja.

Wazomangamanga Kekushev: ana

Monga tanena banja wamng'ono Kekusheva ana. Woyamba wotchuka banjalo mwana, Nicholas. Iye anabadwa mu mapeto a February chaka cha 1898. Mu 1901 mkazi wa katswiri wa zomangamanga anam'patsa mwana wamkazi, Tatiana. Ndipo chaka chamawa anabadwa ndi wamng'ono wamkazi Katya.

Mwana Nicholas anapitiriza kukhala aviator wotchuka. Mu 1924, anaona Order ya Red mbendela. Iye ndiye anatsogolera ntchito asilikali pa dera la ku Asia Central.

Mu 1930, iye ankagwira ntchito yokonza makina ndege kumalo ozizira. Panthawiyo iye anali membala wa gulu la VP Golovin. oyendetsa izi anakwanitsa kumtunda nthawi yoyamba pa North Pole, pokonzekera ikamatera maulendowa kudziwika kumalo ozizira wofufuza Ivan Papanin.

Pamene Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo ndi kulanda mzinda wa Leningrad, Nicholas anatenga pa anthu wamba ndege likulu kumpoto kumtunda. M'nkhani yake ya dongosolo la ndege makumi asanu.

Nkhondo itatha iye anali mu ndende, ndipo kenako ulowa ku msasa. Atamasulidwa, anaganiza kulemba buku la za Maulendo Ake. Chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri, palibe mfundo za moyo ndi imfa ya bambo wotchuka ntchito imeneyi.