"Mistral" - ndi ... "Mistral" - makhalidwe. "Mistral" kwa Russia ndi Bulu

Mu June 2011, pa St. Petersburg Economic Forum, panali chinachake palimodzi wapadera angapo zochitika zina zosangalatsa. Kwa nthawi yoyamba kuchokera Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, oimira Russia lonjezolo Makampani yachilendo lonse pangano mwa kundipatsako kwa zida za nkhondo. Iwo anali atamva kuti zosoŵa za Navy anagula sitima zazikulu, ndege onyamula "Mistral". Zimene zinachitikazi ndi kutengeka, komabe zoweta shipbuilding mabizinezi kamodzi kumalamuliridwa ndi malamulo okha, popanda thandizo achilendo, ndipo anaphunzira zinthu zomwe nthawi kumadzulo wathu "abwenzi" anayamba akuyambitsa tsitsi pa mutu wanu, monga sitima zankhondo chida. Kodi mtima wofuna zombo za mtundu uwu?

Chifukwa kulenga "Mistral"

Mistral - mphepo Mediterranean, wokongola ozizira, nthawi n'kuliza mpweya otentha asokoneza ndi pachinyezi wofatsa nyengo gombe la kumwera kwa France. Iwo sizingafanane ndi kuboola awowo sankawayankha mwansangala Arctic mpweya utuluke achinyezi, amene akhala anazolowera okhala Murmansk ndi Severodvinsk, koma wosakhwima mphuno Gallic iye aonekera atakwera nkhawa. Monga mmene nyengo, osiyana chiphunzitso lankhondo la France ndi Russia. Ndege mtundu "Mistral" makamaka chombo chachikulu, pafupifupi wopanda kudzikonda dongosolo antisubmarine, antiship ndi chitetezo antiaircraft, mwachitsanzo kuthekera kuchita kokha squadron ndi otsala kuperekezedwa.

Komano, izo zimanyezimiritsa mafashoni mu zaposachedwapa mfundo zaka shipbuilding, chimene landings ndi anabzala pa gombe akunja monga "kutali". Izi zimachitika motere: chombo chachikulu kudza kwa boma lankhanza pa mtunda ndi otetezedwa a mailosi khumi ndi zisanu kapena makumi awiri, ndiye umayamba zotumiza zipangizo mwapadera bwato Bwato, ndipo panopa mantha ndi zoyendera Helicopters ndi asilikali ophunzitsidwa mwapadera kuwuluka patsogolo Akunjenjemera ndi bridgehead ndi kupereka palibe kukana pa ndondomeko lonse. Tikufika luso pagombe ngakhale zooneka, nawatengera yaing'ono kubwera mwadzidzidzi, pokhapokha, ndithudi, mbali incursions, palibe njira kudziwika kaja. Ndizo zokhudza nkhani, limene lakonzedwa kuti mtundu wa "Mistral". Ngalawa chitayiko kwambiri, ilo lili pafupi pagombe sakanakhoza kubwera. Support wa asilikali patsogolo, nayenso, sanathe kuchita zimenezi, iye alibe mfuti zokwanira kapena mizinga.

Features m'chombo

A lalikulu ndege sitimayo yomweyo umboni aliyense amene amatenga tione "Mistral". Features chombo chachikulu ichi ndi kokwanira. Iwo ali kutalika mamita 200 ndi kusamuka kwa 22 zikwi. T., Komabe, angathe akuyenderera nyanja pa liwiro la mfundo 18 okha. Adalira, kuphatikizapo ndege, pafupifupi 170 gulu mamembala. Koposa zonse, kusiyana pakati pa chombo ndege chonyamulira, ndiko kuti, sitima ndi pansi-sitimayo hangar, izo lili ndi zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, chipinda kwa zoyendera makumi anayi akasinja ano. "Mistral" - ndege chonyamulira, koma Choyamba ndi amphibious kumenya sitimayo.

Koma akasinja pang'ono kubweretsa kwa gombe la dziko lankhanza, iwo ayenera kupatsa dziko ndi kutsitsa pagombe. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, lili pa luso ndi. Izi athu ankafika zombo zazikulu (BDK) chabe mpumulo ndi mphuno mbali mwa nyanja, kutsegula limbikitsa, ndi "Kutumiza kwa Mama!". Army mayiko NATO zinthu mosiyana kwambiri dodgy. Koma pambuyo pa izi.

Mapiko udzatha, malingana ndi ntchito kuti kuthetsedwa mu nkhondo kulondera. Helicopters pa sitimayo ndi hangar akhoza kumakhalamo 16 32, malinga ndi chiŵerengero ASW, ng'oma ndi aircrafts zoyendera miyeso osiyana zojambula.

M'pofunikanso chiwerengero cha anthu oti zimafunika pa sitimayo - 450 Asilikali. battalion izi.

Zotheka komanso mwachangu refurbishment chotengera ku chipatala yoyandama. Kungakhale kofunika kuti kuthetsa ntchito zothandiza anthu kapena makonzedwe a chithandizo kwa asilikali ovulala pankhondo ya.

Ndipo "Mistral" - chombo anaikira kuyenda ulendo wautali. yoyenda yokha osiyanasiyana ake - makilomita 20 chikwi. Ichi ndi theka kwa dziko. Ngati mukufuna kukhazikitsa bata mu madera opanduka, izo - zimene mukufuna. Koma n'chifukwa chiyani Russia "Mistral", ayenera kuphwanya mutu wake. Kunja, dziko lathu sakutero. Anafika asilikali paliponse mu Australia kapena Argentina Zikuoneka ngati palibe dongosolo, ndipo ngakhale wotero analipo chilakolako zombo akanati kugula ziwiri, kapena anayi ... Komanso, ikamatera ndondomeko pakokha choyambirira kwambiri.

Kodi ankafika ku French

French "Mistral" ndi ofunika mbali yake, monga tanenera kale, makumi awiri kuyendetsa sitima zapamadzi mtunda kuchokera kunyanja otentha kumene si bwino zimene zingachitike, ndipo pomaliza kuchokera Bwato ake m'mimba wapadera, pa womwenso zida. Kwa njirayi, ali doko, amene nawonso abereke anati galimoto, katunduyo akasinja awo ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, ndiye madzi dzikoli mlingo wa nyanja ozungulira, ndipo patapita kuti iwo ndi kuwasiya amayi sitima. ankafika ndondomeko ndi mmene ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali, maola ambiri. Mu malembedwe aantchito anayi magalimoto athu khumi ndi awiri - ndi kumakula thanki battalion, chomwe magulu atatu ndi pachikhalidwe cha wolamulira, kuti ndi pang'ono ndithu. Timadziwa kuti akhoza kunena kuti ngati munthu limatsutsa ife chifukwa iye anayesera kumtunda kulikonse pafupi Anapa, zovuta chitetezo m'mphepete mwa nyanja "phata" kuletsa kuti izi kudya ...

Helicopters

The French ndi rotorcraft awo. Iwo cholinga ndi magulu awiri amene ntchito ngati sitimayo a. Mipikisano NH-ng'oma 90 "Tigers" pafupifupi wofanana gawo mapiko, pansi makulidwe awo ndi Calculated zochotsa chipangizo kwa chokwawa zipangizo za ndege sitimayo ndi kubwerera kugwira, kumene iwo sangagone ndi mikuntho, kutsitsi madzi nyanja ndi kuyesedwa kukonza njira. Monga chimakweza awiri ndi zochotsa mphamvu tonnes 13, wina kutsogolo, winayo pafupi wheelhouse lapansi.

Waukulu sitimayo Helicopters ndife odana Ka-27M ndi Ka-226, koma kunyanyala ndi mipherezero nthaka ndi nyanja zofunikira ndi "Alligator" Ka-52. Miyeso ya makina awa amasiyana Anzawo French Komanso mu njira chachikulu. "Mistral" anamanga kwa Russian yapamadzi, ndi anasintha.

mfundo ya mgwirizano

The French amasowa ankagulitsa. The mbali Russian anaumirira yomanga atatu a anayi wopita ndege pa sitima yake ntchito inatha zolembedwa. Anavomera theka. Komanso, mbali aft anali chopangidwa pa Baltic makampani doko la zombo zapanyanja shipbuilding, amenenso yafupika malipiro a polojekiti. Yapadera cholembedwa ndi apamwamba a shipbuilders zoweta wathunthu docking mfundo zonse pa msonkhano yomaliza St. Nazaire.

pa chikhalidwe nthawi iyo anavomera kuti mbali French adzaika pa "Mistral" kwa Russia wa mkulu zamakono zipangizo navigation, ndi mkhwapa kukonza nsanja ogwiritsa ndiponso kukonzekera kulankhulana chingwe. Onse zida ndi zida zankhondo kachitidwe, ku Russia adzaika nokha ndi anu.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kusaina mgwirizano akhoza kukhala mwayi adziwe umisiri atsopano shipbuilding, pokhapokha, ndithudi, French ndi zambiri zoti muphunzire. Iwo makamaka ikukhudzana bwanji ndi njira khamu la nyumba yaikulu, ngakhale Baltic Chomera ndi United Shipbuilding Corporation yomweyo analandira kuti Zombo atomiki, si zochepa zovuta kuposa "Mistral". Mtengo wa Zombo Zankhondo awiri anali mayuro biliyoni 1.2-1.5, kuphatikiza mabilioni 2.5 rubles ntchito imene anali kuchita shipbuilders Russian.

Zida machitidwe ndi chenjezo

The makina ounikira waukulu wokwera pa "Mistral" kwa Russia, imene ndiyo "Maso" awo - ndi French "Thales". Kapangidwe ka thupi n'zovuta kukhazikitsa Anzawo zoweta.

The paucity choyambirira kachitidwe kumbuyo anachititsa zofunika zina Naval Lamulo pa akuphunzitsa ngalawa asanu Sam "kusintha", cholinga ntchito "Mphungu" ndi awiri zisanu barreled mayunitsi zida zankhondo mofulumira-moto AK-630 30 mamilimita likungosonyeza kuwononga mipherezero otsika-zouluka mkulu-liwiro. Antiship chitetezo amaperekedwa maofesi a supersonic mivi sitima chingathe "ntchito" ndi mipherezero pagombe. ASW zikuphatikizapo zinthu zonse n'zotheka hardware sonar malangizo.

Tsatanetsatane retrofitting sichinayambe ambiri kuwuluridwa, koma ife tikudziwa kuti aliyense Russian "Mistral" - kasamalidwe la chombo, osati chabe ndege ndi magalimoto amphibious, kotero machulukitsidwe wa luso zambiri pa bolodi kompyuta dongosolo ndi yaikulu kwambiri.

kugwirizanitsa

Ndege mtundu "Mistral" - sitima zazikulu, zazikulu mphamvu ndi thandizo la akusamala, kuonetsetsa bata yake pansi pa zikhalidwe za mvula ya mkuntho. Atatu sitimayo anali mu utumiki wa French yapamadzi, zida ndi dongosolo yaotomatiki la Norway kupanga «L3Marin», amene ali ndi udindo kwa muyezo. Cholinga m'malo anamanga makhoti a ku Russia French balancer, anayesedwa pa mochuluka corvettes kuwala ndi frigates, chifukwa mfundo za makasitomala. Kuwonjezera, "Rosoboronexport" ali ndi chidwi mwachindunji mu dongosolo, mwamsanga pamene mgwirizano ndi okwera mtengo. Russian ndege navigation chitetezo ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa iye kupulumutsa.

Mavuto ndi njira zothetsera

Mavuto ndi Manning wa magalimoto sitima yoyenda. French kawiri-hulled catamarans maboti kuyambira pachiyambi kuti wakanidwa, ndi zoweta mkulu-liwiro zoyendera pa mpweya khushoni mu katundu kugwira silinayikidwe. Tinagwirizana kuti njira yabwino akanakhalabe kugula zoweta thanki-ankafika luso "Dugong" ndi "chinkhoma", ndi kutalika mamita 45 ndi 26 motero.

Anakwezedwa ndi alumikizana ayezi kalasi, ngati womanga walandira dongosolo pamaziko a m'madera mwina kutumizgika zombo zatsopano. Mosiyana ndi anzawo French, malo awo a udindo Sichikupezeka madzi otentha, ndi pa doko Mwachitsanzo, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky ndi frosty kwambiri. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi Russian panyanja lamulo pa nthawi imakhala ya mgwirizano anali sakudziwa kumene kukhala zochokera ndege. Iwo anaganiza ina.

Experience kugwiritsa ntchito ndege

Soviet Navy kale mu utumiki waukulu ndege kumangopitirizabe antisubmarine cruiser - "Leningrad" ndi "Moscow". Ndege Mapiko a Zombo Zankhondo anafuna kudziwa angathe sitima zankhondo mdani. Pambuyo obsolescence ndi luso avale ndi misozi, iwo anachotsedwa ndodo apanyanja, m'malo iwo sanakonzekere, chifukwa ambiri sanali bwino kwambiri kuposa BOD zochepa kusamutsidwa, choncho mtengo kwambiri onse ulimi ndi ntchito. Chinathandiza obsolescence ndi kuthekera otsika kwa kusinthidwa, omwe amasonyeza kuti n'zosatheka hangars kutembenuka kwa Helicopters ano. Ambiri, zinachitikira lonse limasonyeza kuti ndege onyamula si ofunika yopulumutsa, iwo ayenera kumanga malo, ndi kuthekera retrofitting mu ndondomeko kukonza ulamuliro kachitidwe, zida, ntchito panyanja ndi kudziwika. Pankhaniyi, zombo mtengo angathe kutumikira zaka zambiri. Monga momwe mtundu wa ndege chonyamulira "Mistral" limafanana ndi muyezo ino, funso lalikulu.

"Asilikali Kuznetsov" mapulani ake si n'chimodzimodzi ndi "Mistral". Ngalawayi amanyamula ntchito zosiyanasiyana, mphamvu ankafika ndipo sadzakhala ndi makhalidwe osiyana kwambiri galimoto.

anachita lonse

zombo sizinathe zikadzachitika, monga kale analengeza kuti waukulu Far East usilikali doko amasanduka malo a kuzika latsopano Russian ndege chonyamulira "Vladivostok", kulengedwa ndi "Mistral". uthenga unachititsa nkhawa pa udindo wa boma la Japan, uglyadevshego kulimbikitsa zikuchokera kwa Pacific zombo zina zolinga aukali. Inde, ayendetsa zamtendere anzathu a kum'mawa ali kwambiri chinachititsa ndale ndi zikugwirizanira wonse zonena chiŵerengero ku "madera kumpoto", funso limene anaukitsidwa kwa nthawi, madzulo a chisankho chotsatira. Kuganiza kuti Russian panyanja oyenda adzakhala maola ochepa kumtunda thanki battalion kwinakwake pachilumba cha Hokkaido, si ngakhale wolimba mtima kukonda dziko lako Japanese zopeka. chithunzi "Mistral" amayang'ana chidwi, koma ngakhale pambuyo zida za mizinga sitima sitima ku chida cruiser, iye sudzatha, slug kwambiri, ndipo ambiri, osati kuti, anamanga, ndi kugulitsidwa. Ndipo chifukwa chiyani?

Serdyukov Katswiri asilikali

Ndi bwino kudzifunsa kuti zimene si, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani. Minister wakale silikhali AE Serdyukov nkhani njira, mwachionekere, sankadziwa. Kuposa iye anali wanzeru ndi luso lachibadwa (kumene, ili makings ndi mkulu filimu zabwino ndithu). Mwina analota kamodzi, monga adzayang'ana pa nyanja ndi kuopseza zoyendera yaikulu ndipo tidakocheza luso pansi pa mbendera ya St. Andrew. Ndipo pambali mtengo luso, Bambo Serdiukov zikuoneka nazo zina nsinga malonda. Koma ichi ndi nkhambakamwa.

Dziwani fallacy ya kuyamba ndi "Mistral" boma la Russia, n'zotheka, chabe mwa munthu wovuta. zombo ziwiri ( "Sevastopol" ndi "Vladivostok") kale, zikhoza kapadera lamulo la Navy anavomereza, ndi m'chisomo cha kupanda pake awo chifukwa chakuti yomanga awiri wina wa mbali Russian pafupifupi anakana, ngakhale mwachindunji za izi anena kutali. Kungoti anasankha kudikira.

Chabwino, zoona, palibe chinachitika. Vertoletonesuschie zombo amphibious doko mtundu si kwathunthu chogwirizana ndi chiphunzitso Russian asilikali, koma nthawi pali mavuto padziko lonse, amene amakakamiza ine njira kale otukuka. About ngati bwalo anganene kuti ndi "mbali otetezeka mlandu."

Pa Zombo Zankhondo ndalama yaikulu, si yociticka m'njira yabwino, koma mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito ndege maopareshoni okhazikitsa mtendere, kumene monga zochitika za miyezi posachedwapa, n'kutheka ndithu.