Levitan Isaac Ilich ndi ndani?

Isaak Ilich Levitan - kwambiri Russian malo zojambulajambula, amene ndi Ayuda. Koma amene Levitan.

moyo woyambirira

Mu 1860, banja anapanga zidebe Ayuda Ili Levitana anabadwa mwana wachiwiri, Isaki. Osauka banja pafupi ndi moyo womvetsa chisoni pa nthawi ino mu Lithuania m'tauni ya Khirbat. Ilya Levitan anali womasulira, zilankhulo anaphunzitsa. Pofunafuna moyo wabwino, onsewo anasamukira ku Moscow. Kupezeka kwa banja sanakhale bwino. Anakakhala m'mphepete opunthira anayi a yaing'ono. Panalibe ndalama konse. Ana sankakhoza ngakhale kupita kusukulu, chifukwa panali kulipira. Bambo anali pachibwenzi ndi iwo.

Mu zaka 13, Isaki analowa Moscow School of Painting ndi zosemasema. Nthawi yomweyo sanazengereze ndinaganiza kuti malo zojambulajambula. Ngakhale flatlet awo watsoka unali wabwino chifukwa kuchokera kwa nthawi yaitali akasangalala kolowera dzuwa.

Pamene Isaki anali ndi zaka khumi ndi zisanu, mayi ake anamwalira. Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, kudwala Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi, ndipo bambo anamwalira. Pa nthawi yomweyo anadwala ndi Nthenda yofanana ndi tayifodi naye, ndi Isake, koma anayambiranso, koma zotsatira zake zagwira moyo wonse - anali amadwaladwala. Monga opulumuka, njala, ana anayi kakang'ono popanda thandizo la ndalama, zodziwika kokha kwa okha. Ngakhale Isaac kapena m'bale wake nthawi sanauze aliyense chirichonse za ubwana wake ndi unyamata. Mwina aukali ndi yowawitsa anali kukumbutsidwa.

The sukulu

Choyamba Levitan anaphunzitsidwa Vasily Perov, koma mu kalasi chachinayi mu kalasi yanu malo anaitanidwa Alexei Savrasov. Levitan kuphunzira mosavuta, komabe iye ankagwira ntchito mwakhama. Zojambula ndi iye zaka 16, "Yophukira. Msewu kumudzi "ndi" Night "tsopano mu Tretyakov Gallery. Ndiyeno sukulu awo chikondwerero cha Mendulo siliva , ndi thandizo ndalama.

Kuchotsedwa kwa Ayuda ku Moscow

Mu 1879, lamulo linaperekedwa Ayuda kuwaletsa moyo mu likulu lakale la Russia. Levitan ndi ndani? Woswa malamulo, amene si malo wonse wa moyo. Abale anakakhala pafupi Moscow mu tchuthi malo Saltykovka. Places panali wokongola. Kodi aliyense ayenera malo zojambula? Kujambula ndi chinsalu, ndipo mwina chabe pensulo ndi pepala, watercolor, inki, cholembera. Chirichonse chimene angathe kutumikira monga chuma kukonzekera udindo wa chithunzi cha chikhalidwe, maganizo ake. Koma Levitan tsiku lililonse amapita ku Moscow. Ndipo palibe zodabwitsa. Pa chionetsero mu 1879 anapereka kupenta wake "Yophukira tsiku. Sokolniki ". Iwo analemba kuti mkazi chithunzi m'bale Nicholas Chekhov. Chithunzi-elegy yomweyo kuyamikilidwa anagula P. Tretyakov. Mu Levitan palibe "kuyenda kudutsa" ntchito. Iye akadali kuphunzira, koma kodi chimapambana osiyanasiyana mitundu pa chinsalu cha, "Oak", sunlit! Zojambulajambula amakhudzidwa kwambiri kusintha yaing'ono zimadziŵika m'chilengedwe ndipo amatha kuwapitirira. Koma ngakhale ndalama kapena luso Levitan sankandilola kufika pa mapeto a sukulu mu 1885 mutu wa chithunzicho. Levitan ndi amene pambuyo sukulu? Mphunzitsi wa Zilembozo zinkasonyeza.

Ankadziwa Chekhov

Titamaliza koleji kapena dipuloma, palibe ndalama Isaac Levitan sanali. Iye anakakhala pafupi Moscow pafupi Babkino komwe alendo banja Chekhov. Apa, kwa nthawi yoyamba kukomana Anton Chekhov ndi Isaac Ilich. Ndi kudwala Levitan bwenzi lake Michael Chekhov kutsogolera dokotala wa m'bale wake. Popeza oyamba chichitike. Chatsekedwa ndipo Muzisamala Levitan kwenikweni mochuluka kucheza ndi banja kulandiridwa ndi wansangala wa Chekhov, pamene chirichonse chiri chokonzeka kuti nthabwala yeniyeni ndi zoyambitsidwa, ndipo iye ali anatsogolera Anton Pavlovich. Joy ndi kumwetulira a moyo idzayenda, kuturuka chinsalu "Birch Grove", limene limayamba pano kulemba Isaak Ilich Levitan. yonena wake ndi Chekhov nthawi zambiri zapiringizana. Apa Iye anapitiriza kulengeza chikondi chake chikhalidwe Russian, ndikosavuta ndi inconspicuous, koma nthawi zina zokhala wosangalala ndi upbeat. Chekhov Moscow chikhalidwe kwa nthawi yaitali anayamba kutchedwa "levitanistoy". pang'ono Patatha amapereka A. P. Chehovu Isaak Ilich Levitan chithunzi lolembedwa ndi. The ubwenzi aluso awiri kunena ndi awiri zojambula laling'ono, limene chithunzicho anapatsa wolemba. Wina wotchedwa "The Mtsinje Istra" ndipo lachiwiri - ". Mtengowu ndi birch" Pa pa maziko a m'nkhalango nkhalango, njira yopapatiza, pafupi ndi amene ali wamphamvu thundu, ndi kum'mamatira achifundo woonda woyera birch pang'ono. Onse mitunda ali pamwamba pa desiki ya Anton Pavlovich pamodzi ndi chithunzi chithunzicho.

"Birch Grove"

Zonse mu mzere uwu nsomba ladzala ndi kuwala. Iye anatsanulira, iye amachita pa mitengo ikuluikulu, kupanga iwo kukuwalira oyera. Dzuwa likulowerera masamba, mtengo uliwonse amayesetsa iye ndi kukondwera pansi kuwala kwake. Mwachidule chodabwitsa mithunzi angati a zobiriwira anapeza wojambula pa ntchito yake. Only chipangizo mbuye colorist akhoza ntchito pafupifupi mitundu popanda kuchititsa wowerenga kuganiza za chongosangalatsa ndi umphawi wa mtundu phale. M'malo mwake - muli ndi si kuphatikiza pa misa wina. A bluebells bluish mu Pachithunzipa ndi kulimbikitsa kuganiza yowutsa mudyo achinyamata udzu wodzazidwa pakapinga.

Crimea mu moyo ziboliboli

Panthawi imeneyi, m'ma 80s, kuwongolera zinthu ndalama chithunzicho, iye atatha ntchito pa Mammoth, koma thanzi lake chatsika, ndi kusinthidwa wake, iye anapita ku Crimea. Pali loyamba anasangalala kwambiri ndipo analemba ntchito chikondi, ndipo monga anavomereza mu makalata Chekhov, kuboola mu North. Anabweranso ndi kuika Crimea mitunda ( "The Chitata manda. Crimea", "ndi nyanja. Crimea", "Ai-Petri", "The malo Crimea", "Mu Crimea Mountains") pa chionetsero Moscow. Iwo onse anagulitsa mu masiku oyambirira. Moyo zomwe zinachititsa Isaac Ilich Levitan, yonena ndi zithunzi za wojambula sitepe ndi sitepe anafotokoza m'nkhani.

pa bwato ulendo

ulendo woyamba pa Volga inayamba m'chaka cha 1887, zinalephereka. Iyo inali yaying'ono imvi, mvula ndi kuzizira nyengo. Pa Volga mphepo yamphamvu. Kukhumudwa iye anabwerera. Volga palibe mitsinje amene akhoza kuiwalika. Chaka chotsatira, iye anapita Volga. Apa iye anapeza mzinda Ples, oyandikana nawo amene anapatsidwa kutsogolera chilengedwe cha chaka kuposa wina. The "Madzulo pa Volga" pang'onopang'ono majestically loyenda mtsinje m'lifupi kwambiri. No palibe mapeto kapena m'mphepete. Kumbali ina ya m'nkhalango, ngakhale momveka kuwoneka. Iye waima pa kutsidya kwa bluish mapiri Mzere mu kusonkhana madzulo, ndipo adzasungunuka, osatembenukira ku Mzere woonda. Volga mwakachetechete. madzi ake akuganizira mitambo madzulo. Only mkulu-mkulu kuwala golide chowala wa dzuwa, limene lili kumbuyo zojambulajambula lapansi.

"Pambuyo mvula. Ples ", 1889

Monga chachikulu mtsinje. Koma chirichonse pa izo anatsuka zapitazi mvula ndi kuwala kwa khalidwe kuwala silvery. Izi ungwiro ndi nambwibwi pa mtsinje kukumbutsidwa mvula, zimene zinabweretsa kulenganso ya chilengedwe. Anthu azipereka zina. Kulankhula nawo kudzera pa cityscape patali, ndi maboti ndi mabwato pagombe. Poetical ndi spiritualized akuonetsedwa dziko. Choncho ndi amene Levitan? Iye ndi ndakatulo, amene anagwira burashi osati mawu okha, koma mitundu ndi chitsanzo zikusonyeza chiyanjano, yomwe ndi zina n'kotheka.

Kupita ku Ulaya

Mu 1889-1890 gg. Levitan imatumizidwa timudziwe bwino kupenta masiku ano France ndi Italy. Komanso, anaona ntchito za amisiri wa School Barbizon ndi Impressionists, Levitan yekha analemba malo ambiri. Komabe, ndi mapeto a ulendo umene chakhala ikupita kukopedwa kunyumba, banja lonse kuti ankadziwa ndipo anamva mtima wanga wonse.

Nthawi nsonga polenga zinthu zauzimu

Nineties - ndi heyday luso Levitan. Inde, ndi wojambula yekha. Iye nthawizonse wakhala ali okongola, koma tsopano wakhala yapamwamba kaso munthu amene, kuwonjezera, kwachititsa tilinazo anthu ndi chakudya chokoma. maso ake anali kuwala, malinga Chaliapin, "ndi osowa ndakatulo moyo." Mu 1890, Levitan analemba "Kanthu adakhala", womangidwa pamodzi ndi mndandanda wa zidindo wojambula wa Ples ndi Moscow mchitidwe umenewu, anawona Russian munthu mobwerezabwereza, ndi chifukwa cha view Chekhov Mulungu, chikhumbo kupita kutali ndi mu dzuwa litalowa mu nyanja ya mtendere wangwiro. Levitan, ngati wina aliyense, anatsegula chinsinsi cha chilengedwe Russian, kukongola chete.

mavuto Personal

The Volga Levitan sanapite yekha. Mwa limodzi inayo wojambula C. Kuvshinnikova. dona uyu tisatengere amorous ndi mokhudza Isaak Ilich Levitan. Wambiri ya buku lake kudzadza ndi mbalambanda, koma kaso ndi wanzeru dona yemwe anali mkulu wake ndi zaka 12. Za iwo anayamba kulankhula. Pambuyo Kuvshinnikova anakwatira dokotala. A. P. Chehov analemba nkhani "chiwala", limene anaona angapo. A Levitan anakhumudwa ndi anasiyiratu kugona ndi Chekhov. Iwo kuyanjanitsidwa TL-Shchepkina Kupernik. Koma ndi Levitan anali chiyanjanitso ofunda, chifukwa iye anali kukwiya kuti akufuna duel. Kotero apa panali hypochondriac Isaak Ilich Levitan. mfundo zosangalatsa za moyo wake unakambidwanso mogwirizana ndi Chekhov. Wokongola Levitan anali entree m'nyumba ya Kazembe Turchaninova. Adatengedwa iye ndi mkazi wake, mwana wamkazi aphungu anagwa mchikondi ndi Levitan. Panthawi imeneyi, kuposa kale, Levitan akadali utoto lifes ndi maluwa. Ndiye utoto chithunzi ina atapita "March", chikusonyezera malo Turchaninova. Izi ndi yowala mochedwa yozizira, amene kale palibe amene anaonapo. Iwo Chipale, zonyezimira buluu, wabuluu mithunzi pa chisanu. Pambuyo Levitan anakhala cholinga mobwerezabwereza mu zojambula ndi Juon ndi Grabar. Back mu Turchaninova nyumba. Mu buku limeneli iye ankalowerera achabechabe ndithu mtsikana, ndipo amasonyeza Levitan kunja kwa malire ndipo ngakhale anawomberedwa wojambula. Chekhov anamva mtundu uwu theatricality ngati bala sanali kwambiri moyo. Komanso, mfundo Levitan anapha mbalameyi, zimene zinabweretsa m'nyumba ndipo anaponya pa mapazi a akazi. Zinali tragicomic zinachitikira amene anali Isaak Ilich Levitan. Mfundo za moyo wa wojambula anayamba A. P. Chehova kulenga mopupuluma ndipo kumaonekera kusewera "The mbalameyi."

"Pa dziwe" (1892)

Panthawi imeneyi, Levitan nkhawa pachibwenzi zalephera Kuvshinnikova ndi Turchaninova ndi ntchito pa chikhalidwe cha maganizo mumtima mwanu. Alamu - ichi ndi cholinga chachikulu cha ntchito imeneyi, yomwe imaphimba kumangoonerera. Mu malo amenewa ndi Pushkin analemba "mermaid".

"Vladimirka" (1892)

akaidi wosatha pamsewu Siberia. Kaya anthu nyengo anaweruzidwa kuti yakalavula gaga mu unyolo expanses zolamulidwa ndi pansi dzuwa ndi kuthira ozizira mvula yoyambirira. Izi bwinja thirakiti Levitan kwambiri moti anali ndi magawo angapo mu mpweya chomwecho utoto napatsa Pavel Tretyakov.

"Wamuyaya Mpumulo" (1894)

Cape dilapidated yopemphereramo manda. Mphepo anaŵerama mitengo woonda, ndipo zikuoneka kuti pang'ono ndi Adzatenga ndi churchyard, ndi mpingo waung'ono. Bezbrezhen thambo la nyanja pansi pa thambo ndi mitambo chinsalucho itsike mpaka m'munsi patsogolo. chikhalidwe ndi chidwi ndi munthu wosatha. Umabweretsa chisoni ndi mawunikidwe wozingwa pa wosatha - wa munthu yekha, smallness wake pa thambo chachikulu. Munthu amamva chitsotso cha chilengedwe. chithunzi cha wokhwimitsa bwino. magawo awiri a chinsalu amatenga kumwamba. Only m'tchalitchi cha m'tchalitchi, motsogoleredwa kumwamba, zimatsutsana ndi mphamvu ya nyengo. Chikhulupiriro ndi chikhulupiriro chokha zidzathandiza munthu apulumuke.

"Spring. Mkulu Water "(1897)

Zaka zomalizira za zojambulajambula ndi - ndi nyamuka yaikulu. Palibe njira kufotokoza zonse zimene anazipanga ndipo pa nthawi Isaak Ilich Levitan, amene ntchito yawo zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Lyric ndakatulo ndi kuwala - ndi ntchito zake "Spring. madzi Big ". Kuyambira ndili mwana, kasupe inali nthawi amalikonda chaka. Choncho unworldly munthu akuimba nyimbo kukongola kwa kuyambiranso wotumbululuka buluu, madzi azure, woonda kuwala mtengo makungwa. Pano, m'dziko muno enchanted paliponse bata ndi mtendere, omwe amasungunula aliyense amene anabweretsa kuyang'ana pachithunzipa. Choncho, amene Levitan? Chithunzicho-nzeru zapamwamba, wojambula ndi lyricist amene bwino kufotokoza bwinobwino kukongola kwa Russian chikhalidwe otsika-ofunika kosangalatsa chete.

matenda a mtima anatenga moyo wa Mlengi pamene anali ndi zaka makumi atatu ndi anayi. Iye anafa mu 1900. oyambirira nawonso anamwalira Isaak Ilich Levitan. Zilandiridwenso, zojambula onse, lapadera kwambiri, tinayesetsa kuti tisanthule, popanda kutaya waukulu - luso lake kudzaza mpweya wa moyo ntchito zake. Tsopano phulusa wake ndi Novodevichy manda ku Moscow.