Listostebelnye mosses: oimira, maonekedwe a mapangidwe ndi bungwe

Masitima a Listostebelnye, nthumwi, zithunzi ndi maonekedwe a zochitika zomwe zidzakambidwe m'nkhani yathu, zokhudzana ndi zomera zapamwamba za spore. Zamoyo zakalezi zimagwira ntchito yaikulu pachivundikiro cha dziko lapansili.

Listostebelnye mosses: khalidwe la gulu logwirizana

Mitengo iyi ndi yapamwamba kwambiri. Awa ndi anthu oyambirira pamtunda, choncho, pakukula kwa malo atsopanowa, ali ndi zizindikiro zatsopano. Choyamba, izi ndi zomangirira tsamba ndi kukhalapo kwa makina komanso makina. Zimenezi zimathandiza kuti ntchito yojambula zithunzi ikhale yogwira mtima kwambiri. Maselo a Listostebelnye, omwe maonekedwe ake ndi ovuta poyerekeza ndi algae, ali ndi rhizoids mmalo mwa mizu. Mchitidwe umenewu "unamupeza" kuchokera ku zomera za m'munsi.

Bryophytes osiyanasiyana

Malinga ndi zomwe zimapangidwa pamwambapa, mosses akhoza kuphatikizidwa m'magulu awiri: thayi ndi phesi la masamba. Oyimira oyambirira a izi ndi maulendo osintha. Chomerachi chimakhala ndi dichotomically branched thallus ya mdima wobiriwira ndi ana. Mitambo ya Listostebelnye ndi yowonjezereka m'chilengedwe. Chitsanzo chawo ndi nkhuku yaku Kukushkin, yomwe imatchedwanso Polytrius vulgaris. Mitundu yonse ya sphagnum (white) mosses imakhalanso ndi nthambi.

Kodi moyo umayenda bwanji?

Mitengoyi imakhala yosatha. Mu miyoyo yawo, pali kusiyana kosiyana kwa mibadwo. Ichi ndicho chofunikira cha moyo wawo. Mibadwo yonseyi imasiyana mosiyana ndi maonekedwe a mawonekedwe akunja, komanso njira yoberekera. Mbali imeneyi ya ntchito yofunikira ndi khalidwe la onse oimira zomera zapamwamba za spore. Ndipo ferns, horsetails ndi plaunas mu moyo amapita patsogolo sporophyte, ndipo mosses - chigololo.

Gametophyte

Listostebelnye mosses, omwe oimira awo amawonetsedwa muchithunzichi, tinkawona ngati chophimba chobiriwira chobiriwira. Izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kugonana. Ngati muyang'anitsitsa kwambiri, mukhoza kuona kuti ili ndi timayambira ting'onoting'ono tating'ono timene timakhala timene timayambira. Mofanana ndi mitsinje yonse, iwo amagwiritsa ntchito substrate ndi rhizoids. Pamphuno ya mitsinje yamakono, gametangia imapangidwira, momwe maselo a kugonana amapangidwa. Pamaso pa madzi, amagwirizanitsa, kupanga mbadwo wa asexual wa mosses - sporophyte.

Sporophyte

Mosse wa nkhwakazi amakhala ndi mtundu wa gametophyte wobiriwira. Zikuwoneka ngati mwendo woonda kwambiri umene bokosi lilipo. Mkati mwa izo, spores amakula - maselo a kubereka kwa asexual. Pamene capsule imatsegula, imalowa m'nthaka, imamera ndikupanganso gulu la gametophyte, lomwe limayambira mu moyo wa zomera monga moss. Kenaka, m'badwo wa kugonana umapanga zygote, umene umagawidwa ndi meiosis ndikupanga spores. Ndipo motero, kusintha kwa moyo kumapangidwanso. Sporophyte silingathe kudzidyetsa, chifukwa mulibe chlorophyll m'maselo ake. Ndicho chifukwa chake chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gametophyte ya masamba, yomwe imadyetsa. Mibadwo imeneyi imasiyanitsidwa ndi chromosome. Ali ndi sporophyte ya diploid. Koma m'badwo wa kugonana uli ndi imodzi yokha, popeza maselo a kugonana akuphatikiza pamene akupanga zygote.

Listostebelnye mosses: malo okhalamo

Mosses nthawi zonse amakhala m'malo amvula. Ndipo izi sizowopsa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti kusakaniza kwa gametes mu zomera izi kumachitika kokha ndi chithandizo cha madzi. Mitengo yamkuntho, mapiri, mapanga, mathithi, mitengo yamitengo, madenga, nyumba zowonongeka ndi zipinda, makoma akuda a nyumba ... Moss anadziwa malo onsewa. Mitengo iyi imatenga bwino ndikusunga madzi. Choncho, maonekedwe awo m'chilengedwe akuwonetsa kudumpha kwa gawolo. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kwambiri kupweteka kwa kuchuluka kwa chinyezi. Ngati palibe, akhoza kuuma, pamene akukhalabe opindulitsa. Pamene chinyezi ndi chachilendo, amachikoka ndi kuthawa kwake ndikukhalanso ndi moyo wabwino. Chifukwa cha luso limeneli, mitsinje ya masamba imasinthidwa kuti isinthe malo okhala. Kugawidwa kwawo kwakukulu kumalimbikitsidwanso chifukwa chakuti sichidyedwa ndi nyama, siziwononga mabakiteriya ndi bowa. Izi ndichifukwa, pamodzi ndi madzi, amamwa zinthu zoopsa ndi za radioactive.

Tanthauzo la mosses

Listostebelnye mosses, makamaka sphagnum, amathandiza kwambiri pakugwilitsila nchito kugwilitsila nchito mabokosi ndi mapeyala, omwe amathandiza kwambiri kupanga mafuta, feteleza, zipangizo zopangira mowa, mapulastiki, acetic acid, naphthalene, ndi zipangizo zolekerera. Ndondomeko ya mapangidwe a mankhwalawa ndi yaitali kwa nthawi yaitali: 1 cm ya peat amapangidwa zaka 10. Pogwiritsa ntchito chinyezi, mitsinje yam'madzi imayendetsa bwino nthaka, imateteza kutentha kwa nthaka. Komabe, panthawi yomweyi, kufalikira ndi kufalikira kwa mosses kumawononga mpweya wake. Zotsatira zake, zomera sizimalandira oksijeni, kufa, zomwe zimawonongeka zimayamba.

Momwemonso, mitsinje yamakono ndiwo omwe akuimira kwambiri dipatimentiyi, yomwe imasinthidwa kuti isinthe pa chilengedwe. Amatha kuyamwa chinyezi pamwamba pa mphukira, kuisunga kwa nthawi yaitali. M'kuzungulira kwa moyo wa zomera zimenezi gametophyte imakhala yaikulu. Icho chimapanga chibadwa cha mafuko, omwe amachulukitsa ndi kuthandizidwa ndi mkangano.