Masewera a maginito a coil omwe alipo. Magetsi ndi mapulogalamu awo

Electromagnetism ndidongosolo la zochitika zomwe zimayambitsa kugwirizana kwa magetsi amphamvu ndi maginito. Nthawi zina kugwirizana kumeneku kumabweretsa mavuto osayenera. Mwachitsanzo, zamakono zomwe zikuyendetsa zingwe zamagetsi m'chombo zimayambitsa kusokonekera kosafunika kwa kampasi ya sitimayo. Komabe, magetsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwadala kuti apange mphamvu zamaginito. Chitsanzo ndi magetsi. Tidzakambirana za iwo lero.

Magetsi komanso maginito

Mphamvu ya magnetic field imatha kudziŵika ndi chiwerengero cha maginito mizere, yomwe ili pa unit unit. Mphamvu yamaginito imayambira paliponse pamene magetsi amatha, ndipo maginito m'mlengalenga ndi ofanana ndi mapeto ake. Mzere wolunjika wonyamula zamakono ukhoza kulowetsedwa mu coil. Ndi kanyumba kamene kakang'ono kamene kamatuluka, izi zimabweretsa kuwonjezeka kwa maginito. Zamakono sizikuwonjezeka.

Zotsatira za maginito othamanga zingalimbikitsenso powonjezereka chiwerengero cha mazenera, mwachitsanzo, kupotoza waya mu coil. Chotsutsana ndichonso ndi zoona. Mphamvu ya maginito ya coil yomwe ilipo tsopano ikhoza kufooketsedwa ngati chiwerengero chazitsulo chachepa.

Timapeza ubale wofunikira. Pakati pa maginito a maginito okhudzana ndi maginito (malo ochulukirapo pamtundu umodzi), chiŵerengero pakati pa mphamvu yamagetsi I, chiwerengero cha waya ndi magnetic flux B akufotokozedwa motere: Muli ofanana ndi B. Panopa mu 12 A, pakali pano pachopila chachitatu , Amapanga ndondomeko yomweyo ya maginito monga ya 3 A, yomwe imayenderera pamakina 12. Ndikofunika kudziwa izi mwa kuthetsa mavuto.

Solenoid

Chophimba cha waya wilonda yomwe imapanga magnetic field amatchedwa solenoid. Mipira ikhoza kuvulaza chitsulo (chitsulo chachitsulo). Malo osagwiritsira ntchito maginito (mwachitsanzo, maziko a mpweya) ndi abwino. Monga mukuonera, simungagwiritse ntchito chitsulo kuti mupange maginito a makina atsopano. Kuchokera pakuwona kukula kwa kutuluka, chilichonse chosagwiritsa ntchito maginito n'chofanana ndi mpweya. Umenewu ndi ubale wapamwambawu wonena zamakono, chiwerengero cha kutembenuka, ndi kutuluka, mu nkhaniyi ikuchitika molondola. Motero, maginito a coil omwe alipo panopa akhoza kufooka mwa kugwiritsa ntchito izi nthawi zonse.

Kugwiritsa ntchito chitsulo mu solenoid

Nchifukwa chiyani chitsulo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu solenoid? Kukhalapo kwake kumakhudza maginito pamtundu wa coil wamakono muzinthu ziwiri. Amapangitsa mphamvu zamaginito zamakono, kawirikawiri nthawi zambiri. Komabe, mgwirizano umodzi wofunikira ukhoza kuphwanya. Izi ndizo zomwe zilipo pakati pa maginito ndi zamakono omwe ali ndi maziko a mpweya.

Madera a microscopic m'mimba, madera (makamaka, maginito awo nthawi), pansi pa mphamvu ya maginito, yomwe imapangidwa ndi zamakono, imamangidwa m'njira imodzi. Zotsatira zake, pamaso pachitsulo chachitsulo, pakali pano zimapanga magnetic flux pa gawo lonse la waya. Motero, kuchulukitsitsa kwachuluka kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Pamene madera onse ali ophatikizidwa kumbali imodzi, kuwonjezeka kwina kwa (pakali pano kapena kutembenuka kwa coil) kumangowonjezera kokha mphamvu ya maginito.

Tiye tiyankhule pang'ono za kulowetsedwa. Ichi ndi gawo lofunika pa mutu womwe umatikonda.

Kutulutsa mphamvu ya maginito ya coil ndi zamakono

Ngakhale maginito a solenoid ali ndichitsulo cholimba kwambiri kuposa mphamvu ya maginito ya solenoid yokhala ndi mpweya wa mpweya, kukula kwake kumaperewera ndi katundu wa chitsulo. Kukula kwake komwe kumapangidwa ndi coil ndi mlengalenga, theoretically alibe malire. Komabe, monga lamulo, ndizovuta kwambiri komanso zotsika mtengo kupeza mitsinje yayikulu yofunikira kumanga munda wofanana kwambiri ndi munda wa solenoid ndichitsulo chachitsulo. Musamatsatire njirayi nthawi zonse.

Kodi chimachitika ndi chiyani ngati mutasintha maginito pamakina omwe alipo? Kuchita izi kungapange mphamvu yamagetsi mofanana ndi momwe pakali pano amapanga maginito. Pamene maginito amayandikira woyendetsa magetsi, maginito amphamvu omwe amatsogolera woyendetsa amayambitsa mpweya mmenemo. Kutentha kwa mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu kumadalira polarity ndi kutsogolera kwa kusintha kwa maginito. Zotsatirazi zimatchulidwa kwambiri mu coil kupatula mu coil wosiyana: ndilokulingana ndi chiwerengero cha kutembenukira pa kuwomba. Pamaso pachitsulo chachitsulo, mpweya umene umapangidwira mumadzimadzi umawonjezeka. Ndi njira iyi, m'pofunikira kusuntha woyendetsa wokhudzana ndi maginito. Ngati otsogolera sakuwoloka mizere ya maginito, sipadzakhalanso magetsi.

Momwe mungapezere mphamvu

Jenereta zamagetsi zimapanga zamakono potsatira maziko omwewo. Kawirikawiri maginito amasinthasintha pakati pa zingwe. Kutalika kwa mphamvu yotulutsa mphamvu kumadalira kukula kwa maginito ndi liwiro la kuyendayenda kwake (iwo amadziwa kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa maginito). Mphamvu yomwe imayendetsa mpweyayo imakhala yofanana kwambiri ndi liwiro la maginito.

Mu magetsi ambiri, maginito amasinthidwa ndi solenoid. Pofuna kupanga maginito pamakina ndi zamakono, solenoid ikugwirizana ndi magwero omwe alipo. Kodi, mu nkhani iyi, adzakhala magetsi opangidwa ndi jenereta? Zili zofanana ndi zotsatira za magetsi pamakono. Kumbali ina, kugwirizana kwa pakali pano mu woyendetsa ndi maginito kuthamanga kumathekera kugwiritsa ntchito zamakono zomwe zimapangidwa ndi magetsi maginito kuti apeze mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe. Mfundo imeneyi imatsatiridwa ndi magetsi a magetsi komanso zipangizo zamagetsi. Komabe, kuti tipeze kayendetsedwe ka kayendetsedwe kameneko, nkofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zina.

Maginito amphamvu

Pakalipano, pogwiritsa ntchito chodabwitsa cha superconductivity, n'zotheka kupeza mphamvu yosakanikirana ya maginito ya coil ndi yamakono. Magetsi angakhale amphamvu kwambiri. Pachifukwa ichi, pakali pano ikuyenda popanda kutaya, mwachitsanzo, siyimayambitsa kutentha kwa zinthu. Izi zimapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mpweya waukulu mumlengalenga-cored solenoids ndikupewa zovuta zomwe zimayambitsa kukwanira. Malingaliro aakulu kwambiri amatsegula mphamvu yamphamvu yamaginito yamakono ndi yamakono. Magetsi ndi ntchito zawo sizothandiza kwenikweni asayansi ambiri. Ndiponsotu, minda yolimba ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kusuntha pa "magetsi" ndikupanga mitundu yatsopano yamagetsi ndi magetsi. Iwo ali ndi mphamvu yapamwamba pa mtengo wotsika.

Mphamvu ya maginito ya coil ndi yamakono ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, makamaka pa njanji. Ponena za momwe maginito a munda wamakono wamakono amagwiritsidwira ntchito kuti athetse kayendetsedwe ka sitima, tidzakambirana tsopano.

Maginito pa njanji

Sitima zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito machitidwe omwe, pofuna chitetezo chachikulu, magetsi ndi magetsi osatha amathandizana. Kodi machitidwewa amagwira ntchito bwanji? Sitima yamphamvu imayikidwa pafupi ndi njanji pamtunda wapatali kuchokera ku magetsi. Pakati pa sitimayi pamwamba pa maginito, magulu a maginito okhazikika m'galimoto ya dalaivala amasinthasintha pang'ono, kenako maginito amakhalabe pamalo atsopano.

Kulamulira magalimoto pamsewu

Kuyenda kwa maginito apansi kumaphatikizapo belu kapena chizindikiro. Ndiye zotsatirazi zimachitika. Pambuyo pa masekondi angapo, galimoto ya dalaivala imadutsa pa electromagnet, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi kuwala kwa magalimoto. Ngati atapatsa sitima mumsewu wobiriwira, makina opangira magetsi amayendayenda ndipo maginito osatha m'galimoto amayenderera kumalo ake oyambirira, kutseka chizindikiro mu kabati. Pamene kuwala kofiira kapena chikasu kuli pawunikira, magetsi amachotsedwa, ndipo pambuyo pake ena amachedwetsa kubwezeretsa mosavuta, ngati, owona, amaiwala kuti achite. Dongosolo lophwanyika (komanso chizindikiro cha phokoso) chikugwirizanitsidwa ndi maukonde kuyambira panthawi yosintha magnet. Ngati maginito abwerera ku malo ake oyambirira panthawi yochedwa, kuswa sikudzatha.